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Rapid Rev USMLE 1 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

Dapsone, clozapine, carbamazepine, propylthiouracil, methimazole, ganciclovir, colchicine

Example sentence: Agranulocytosis can be caused by medications such as clozapine.

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2
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol, propylthiouracil

Example sentence: Aplastic anemia may result from exposure to benzene.

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3
Q

Direct Coombs ⊕ hemolytic anemia

A

Penicillin, methylDopa, Cephalosporins

Example sentence: Direct Coombs ⊕ hemolytic anemia can be caused by penicillin.

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4
Q

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)

A

Phenytoin, carbamazepine, minocycline, sulfa drugs, allopurinol, vancomycin

Example sentence: DRESS syndrome is associated with medications like phenytoin.

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5
Q

Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A

Sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, nitrofurantoin

Example sentence: Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency can be triggered by aspirin.

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6
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

Hydroxyurea, Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs

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7
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin, quinidine, ganciclovir, vancomycin, linezolid

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8
Q

Thrombotic complications

A

Combined oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, SERMs, epoetin alfa, Testosterone supplements

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9
Q

Adrenocortical insufficiency

A

HPA suppression secondary to chronic exogenous glucocorticoid use

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10
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Lithium, demeclocycline

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11
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Ketoconazole, cimetidine, spironolactone, GnRH analogs/antagonists, androgen receptor inhibitors, 5α-reductase inhibitors

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12
Q

Hot flashes

A

SERMs (eg, tamoxifen, clomiphene, raloxifene)

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13
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, niacin, HCTZ, glucocorticoids

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14
Q

Hyperprolactinemia

A

Typical antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol), atypical antipsychotics (eg, risperidone), metoclopramide, methyldopa, verapamil

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15
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Amiodarone, iodine, lithium

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16
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Amiodarone, lithium

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17
Q

SIADH

A

Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs

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18
Q

Coronary vasospasm

A

Cocaine, Amphetamines, Sumatriptan, Ergot alkaloids (CASE)

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19
Q

Cutaneous flushing

A

Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers, Echinocandins, Nitrates (flushed from VANCEN [dancing])

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20
Q

Vancomycin infusion reaction

A

Rate-dependent infusion reaction to vancomycin causing widespread pruritic erythema due to histamine release. Manage with diphenhydramine, slower infusion rate.

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21
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Alcohol, anthracycline (eg, doxorubicin, daunorubicin; prevent with dexrazoxane), trastuzumab

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22
Q

Torsades de pointes

A

Agents that prolong QT interval: Methadone, antiArrhythmics (class IA, III), antiBiotics (eg, macrolides, fluoroquinolones), anti“C”ychotics (eg, ziprasidone), antiDepressants (eg, TCAs), antiEmetics (eg, ondansetron), antiFungals (eg, fluconazole) (Memorize your ABCDEF)

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23
Q

Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

A

Macrolides (eg, erythromycin)

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24
Q

Constipation

A

Antimuscarinics (eg, atropine), antipsychotics, opioids, non-dihydropyridine CCBs, ranolazine, amiodarone, aluminum hydroxide, loperamide, 5HT3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron), vincristine

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25
Diarrhea
Acamprosate, antidiabetic agents (acarbose, metformin, pramlintide), colchicine, cholinesterase inhibitors, lipid-lowering agents (eg, ezetimibe, orlistat), macrolides (eg, erythromycin), SSRIs, chemotherapy (eg, irinotecan)
26
Focal to massive hepatic necrosis
Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), valproate, acetaminophen
27
Hepatitis
Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins, fibrates
28
Pancreatitis
Diuretics (eg, furosemide, HCTZ), glucocorticoids, alcohol, valproate, azathioprine
29
Medication-induced esophagitis
Potassium chloride, NSAIDs, bisphosphonates, ferrous sulfate, tetracyclines
30
Pseudomembranous colitis
Ampicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, fluoroquin
31
Pancreatitis
Diuretics (eg, furosemide, HCTZ), glucocorticoids, alcohol, valproate, azathioprine ## Footnote Example sentence: The patient developed pancreatitis after taking furosemide for hypertension.
32
Medication-induced esophagitis
Potassium chloride, NSAIDs, bisphosphonates, ferrous sulfate, tetracyclines ## Footnote Example sentence: The patient developed medication-induced esophagitis after taking tetracyclines for acne.
33
Pseudomembranous colitis
Ampicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, PPIs ## Footnote Example sentence: The patient developed pseudomembranous colitis after treatment with clindamycin for a bacterial infection.
34
Agranulocytosis
Dapsone, clozapine, carbamazepine, propylthiouracil, methimazole, ganciclovir, colchicine
35
Aplastic anemia
Carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol, propylthiouracil
36
Direct Coombs ⊕ hemolytic anemia
Penicillin, methylDopa, Cephalosporins
37
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, minocycline, sulfa drugs, allopurinol, vancomycin
38
Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
Sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, nitrofurantoin
39
Drug-induced lupus
Hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine
40
Fat redistribution
Protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids
41
Gingival hyperplasia
Cyclosporine, Ca2+ channel blockers, phenytoin
42
Hyperuricemia (gout)
Pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine
43
Myopathy
Statins, fibrates, niacin, colchicine, daptomycin, hydroxychloroquine, interferon-α, penicillamine, glucocorticoids
44
Osteoporosis
Glucocorticoids, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, GnRH agonists, aromatase inhibitors, anticonvulsants, heparin, PPIs
45
Photosensitivity
Sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones
46
Rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
Anti-epileptic drugs (especially lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin
47
Teeth discoloration
Tetracyclines
48
Tendon/cartilage damage
Fluoroquinolones
49
Cinchonism
Quinidine, quinine
50
Parkinson-like syndrome
Antipsychotics, metoclopramide
51
Peripheral neuropathy
Platinum agents (eg, cisplatin), isoniazid, vincristine, paclitaxel, phenytoin
52
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Vitamin A, growth hormones, tetracyclines
53
Seizures
Isoniazid, bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin, tramadol
54
Tardive dyskinesia
Antipsychotics, metoclopramide
55
Visual disturbances
Topiramate (blurred vision/diplopia, haloes), hydroxychloroquine (↓ visual acuity, visual field defects), digoxin (yellow-tinged vision), isoniazid (optic neuritis), ivabradine (luminous phenomena), PDE-5 inhibitors (blue-tinged vision), ethambutol (color vision changes)
56
Fanconi syndrome
Cisplatin, ifosfamide, expired tetracyclines, tenofovir
57
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
58
Interstitial nephritis
Diuretics (Pee), NSAIDs (Pain-free), Penicillins and cephalosporins, PPIs, rifampin, sulfa drugs
59
Nephrotoxicity
Cisplatin, aminoglycosides, amphotericin, vancomycin
60
Dry cough
ACE inhibitors
61
Pulmonary fibrosis
Methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, carmustine, bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone
62
Antimuscarinic
Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics
63
Disulfiram-like reaction
1st-generation sulfonylureas, pro
64
Drug causing ototoxicity
Cisplatin, aminoglycosides, amphotericin, vancomycin ## Footnote Examples include: Cisplatin can cause hearing loss
65
Drug causing dry cough
ACE inhibitors ## Footnote Example sentence: ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough
66
Drug causing pulmonary fibrosis
Methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, carmustine, bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone ## Footnote Example sentence: Methotrexate can lead to pulmonary fibrosis
67
Drug class with antimuscarinic effects
Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics ## Footnote Example sentence: Atropine is known for its antimuscarinic effects
68
Drugs causing disulfiram-like reaction
1st-generation sulfonylureas, procarbazine, certain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, metronidazole ## Footnote Example sentence: Metronidazole can lead to a disulfiram-like reaction
69
Anti dot:Digoxin.
Digoxin-specific antibody fragments
70
Anti dot:Direct factor Xa inhibitors (eg, apixaban)
Andexanet alfa
71
Anti dot:Iron (Fe)
Deferoxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone
72
Anti dot:Dabigatran
Idarucizumab
73
Anti dot:Digoxin
Digoxin-specific antibody fragments
74
Anti dot:Direct factor Xa inhibitors (eg, apixaban
Andexanet alfa
75
Anti dot:Heparin
Protamine sulfate
76
Anti dot:Iron (Fe)
Deferoxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone
77
Anti dot:Lead
Penicillamine, calcium disodium EDTA, Dimercaprol, Succimer (correct lead poisoning in PEDS patients)
78
Anti dot:Mercury
Dimercaprol, succimer
79
Anti dot:Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis
80
Anti dot:Methemoglobin
Methylene blue, vitamin C (reducing agent)
81
Anti dot:Methotrexate
Leucovorin
82
Anti dot:Opioids
Naloxone
83
Anti dot:Salicylates
NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis
84
Anti dot:TCAs
NaHCO3 (stabilizes cardiac cell membrane)
85
Anti dot:Warfarin
Vitamin K (delayed effect), PCC (prothrombin complex concentrate)/FFP (immediate effect)

Rapid Rev USMLE 1 (12 decks)

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