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Rapid Rev USMLE 1 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

Dapsone, clozapine, carbamazepine, propylthiouracil, methimazole, ganciclovir, colchicine

Example sentence: Agranulocytosis can be caused by medications such as clozapine.

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2
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol, propylthiouracil

Example sentence: Aplastic anemia may result from exposure to benzene.

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3
Q

Direct Coombs ⊕ hemolytic anemia

A

Penicillin, methylDopa, Cephalosporins

Example sentence: Direct Coombs ⊕ hemolytic anemia can be caused by penicillin.

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4
Q

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)

A

Phenytoin, carbamazepine, minocycline, sulfa drugs, allopurinol, vancomycin

Example sentence: DRESS syndrome is associated with medications like phenytoin.

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5
Q

Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A

Sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, nitrofurantoin

Example sentence: Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency can be triggered by aspirin.

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6
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

Hydroxyurea, Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs

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7
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin, quinidine, ganciclovir, vancomycin, linezolid

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8
Q

Thrombotic complications

A

Combined oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, SERMs, epoetin alfa, Testosterone supplements

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9
Q

Adrenocortical insufficiency

A

HPA suppression secondary to chronic exogenous glucocorticoid use

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10
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Lithium, demeclocycline

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11
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Ketoconazole, cimetidine, spironolactone, GnRH analogs/antagonists, androgen receptor inhibitors, 5α-reductase inhibitors

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12
Q

Hot flashes

A

SERMs (eg, tamoxifen, clomiphene, raloxifene)

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13
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, niacin, HCTZ, glucocorticoids

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14
Q

Hyperprolactinemia

A

Typical antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol), atypical antipsychotics (eg, risperidone), metoclopramide, methyldopa, verapamil

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15
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Amiodarone, iodine, lithium

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16
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Amiodarone, lithium

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17
Q

SIADH

A

Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs

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18
Q

Coronary vasospasm

A

Cocaine, Amphetamines, Sumatriptan, Ergot alkaloids (CASE)

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19
Q

Cutaneous flushing

A

Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers, Echinocandins, Nitrates (flushed from VANCEN [dancing])

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20
Q

Vancomycin infusion reaction

A

Rate-dependent infusion reaction to vancomycin causing widespread pruritic erythema due to histamine release. Manage with diphenhydramine, slower infusion rate.

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21
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Alcohol, anthracycline (eg, doxorubicin, daunorubicin; prevent with dexrazoxane), trastuzumab

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22
Q

Torsades de pointes

A

Agents that prolong QT interval: Methadone, antiArrhythmics (class IA, III), antiBiotics (eg, macrolides, fluoroquinolones), anti“C”ychotics (eg, ziprasidone), antiDepressants (eg, TCAs), antiEmetics (eg, ondansetron), antiFungals (eg, fluconazole) (Memorize your ABCDEF)

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23
Q

Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

A

Macrolides (eg, erythromycin)

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24
Q

Constipation

A

Antimuscarinics (eg, atropine), antipsychotics, opioids, non-dihydropyridine CCBs, ranolazine, amiodarone, aluminum hydroxide, loperamide, 5HT3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron), vincristine

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25
Q

Diarrhea

A

Acamprosate, antidiabetic agents (acarbose, metformin, pramlintide), colchicine, cholinesterase inhibitors, lipid-lowering agents (eg, ezetimibe, orlistat), macrolides (eg, erythromycin), SSRIs, chemotherapy (eg, irinotecan)

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26
Q

Focal to massive hepatic necrosis

A

Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), valproate, acetaminophen

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27
Q

Hepatitis

A

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins, fibrates

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28
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Diuretics (eg, furosemide, HCTZ), glucocorticoids, alcohol, valproate, azathioprine

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29
Q

Medication-induced esophagitis

A

Potassium chloride, NSAIDs, bisphosphonates, ferrous sulfate, tetracyclines

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30
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Ampicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, fluoroquin

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31
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Diuretics (eg, furosemide, HCTZ), glucocorticoids, alcohol, valproate, azathioprine

Example sentence: The patient developed pancreatitis after taking furosemide for hypertension.

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32
Q

Medication-induced esophagitis

A

Potassium chloride, NSAIDs, bisphosphonates, ferrous sulfate, tetracyclines

Example sentence: The patient developed medication-induced esophagitis after taking tetracyclines for acne.

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33
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Ampicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, PPIs

Example sentence: The patient developed pseudomembranous colitis after treatment with clindamycin for a bacterial infection.

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34
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

Dapsone, clozapine, carbamazepine, propylthiouracil, methimazole, ganciclovir, colchicine

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35
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol, propylthiouracil

36
Q

Direct Coombs ⊕ hemolytic anemia

A

Penicillin, methylDopa, Cephalosporins

37
Q

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)

A

Phenytoin, carbamazepine, minocycline, sulfa drugs, allopurinol, vancomycin

38
Q

Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A

Sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, nitrofurantoin

39
Q

Drug-induced lupus

A

Hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine

40
Q

Fat redistribution

A

Protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids

41
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Cyclosporine, Ca2+ channel blockers, phenytoin

42
Q

Hyperuricemia (gout)

A

Pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine

43
Q

Myopathy

A

Statins, fibrates, niacin, colchicine, daptomycin, hydroxychloroquine, interferon-α, penicillamine, glucocorticoids

44
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Glucocorticoids, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, GnRH agonists, aromatase inhibitors, anticonvulsants, heparin, PPIs

45
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones

46
Q

Rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

A

Anti-epileptic drugs (especially lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin

47
Q

Teeth discoloration

A

Tetracyclines

48
Q

Tendon/cartilage damage

A

Fluoroquinolones

49
Q

Cinchonism

A

Quinidine, quinine

50
Q

Parkinson-like syndrome

A

Antipsychotics, metoclopramide

51
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Platinum agents (eg, cisplatin), isoniazid, vincristine, paclitaxel, phenytoin

52
Q

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

Vitamin A, growth hormones, tetracyclines

53
Q

Seizures

A

Isoniazid, bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin, tramadol

54
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Antipsychotics, metoclopramide

55
Q

Visual disturbances

A

Topiramate (blurred vision/diplopia, haloes), hydroxychloroquine (↓ visual acuity, visual field defects), digoxin (yellow-tinged vision), isoniazid (optic neuritis), ivabradine (luminous phenomena), PDE-5 inhibitors (blue-tinged vision), ethambutol (color vision changes)

56
Q

Fanconi syndrome

A

Cisplatin, ifosfamide, expired tetracyclines, tenofovir

57
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

58
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A

Diuretics (Pee), NSAIDs (Pain-free), Penicillins and cephalosporins, PPIs, rifampin, sulfa drugs

59
Q

Nephrotoxicity

A

Cisplatin, aminoglycosides, amphotericin, vancomycin

60
Q

Dry cough

A

ACE inhibitors

61
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

Methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, carmustine, bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone

62
Q

Antimuscarinic

A

Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics

63
Q

Disulfiram-like reaction

A

1st-generation sulfonylureas, pro

64
Q

Drug causing ototoxicity

A

Cisplatin, aminoglycosides, amphotericin, vancomycin

Examples include: Cisplatin can cause hearing loss

65
Q

Drug causing dry cough

A

ACE inhibitors

Example sentence: ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough

66
Q

Drug causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

Methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, carmustine, bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone

Example sentence: Methotrexate can lead to pulmonary fibrosis

67
Q

Drug class with antimuscarinic effects

A

Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics

Example sentence: Atropine is known for its antimuscarinic effects

68
Q

Drugs causing disulfiram-like reaction

A

1st-generation sulfonylureas, procarbazine, certain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, metronidazole

Example sentence: Metronidazole can lead to a disulfiram-like reaction

69
Q

Anti dot:Digoxin.

A

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments

70
Q

Anti dot:Direct factor Xa inhibitors (eg, apixaban)

A

Andexanet alfa

71
Q

Anti dot:Iron (Fe)

A

Deferoxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone

72
Q

Anti dot:Dabigatran

A

Idarucizumab

73
Q

Anti dot:Digoxin

A

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments

74
Q

Anti dot:Direct factor Xa inhibitors (eg, apixaban

A

Andexanet alfa

75
Q

Anti dot:Heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

76
Q

Anti dot:Iron (Fe)

A

Deferoxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone

77
Q

Anti dot:Lead

A

Penicillamine, calcium disodium EDTA, Dimercaprol, Succimer (correct lead poisoning in PEDS patients)

78
Q

Anti dot:Mercury

A

Dimercaprol, succimer

79
Q

Anti dot:Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

A

Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

80
Q

Anti dot:Methemoglobin

A

Methylene blue, vitamin C (reducing agent)

81
Q

Anti dot:Methotrexate

A

Leucovorin

82
Q

Anti dot:Opioids

A

Naloxone

83
Q

Anti dot:Salicylates

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

84
Q

Anti dot:TCAs

A

NaHCO3 (stabilizes cardiac cell membrane)

85
Q

Anti dot:Warfarin

A

Vitamin K (delayed effect), PCC (prothrombin complex concentrate)/FFP (immediate effect)

Rapid Rev USMLE 1 (12 decks)

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