retroviruses

Question 1

first retrovirus associated with human disease

Answer 1

HTLV 1

Question 2

4 H club

Answer 2

homosexuals
Hatians
hemophiliacs
heroine addicts

Question 3

HIV 1

Answer 3

isolated from pts with lymphadenopathy and AIDS

Question 4

HIV 2

Answer 4

mostly heterosexual disease, 40 % similar to HIV 2

Question 5

2 retrovirus subfamilies

Answer 5

1. orthoretroviridae (humans)

2. spumaviridae (apes)

Question 6

genus and diseases of orthoretroviridae

Answer 6

alpharetrovirus (ASLV, RSV)
betaretrovirus (MMTV)
gammaretrovirus (MLV)
deltaretrovirus (HTLV 1, 2, 5)
lentivirus (HIV 1 and 2)

Question 7

retrovirus genome? envelope? proteins?

Answer 7

+ssRNA
diploid
enveloped
reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease

Question 8

how is retrovirus now classified?

Answer 8

simple genome: encode Gag, Pro, Pol, and Env genes only

complex genome: encode other genes

Question 9

retrovirus replication cycle

Answer 9

1. attachment
2. entry
3. reverse transcription*
4. integration (permanent, must access nucleus)
5. makes provirus
6. transcription from provirus
7. translation
8. assembly
9. release
10. maturation

Question 10

when does reverse transcription initiate?

Answer 10

once nucleocapsid is in cytoplasm (need high levels of NTPs)

*is promiscuous- virus can be mix of 2 genomes

Question 11

what are defective retroviruses missing

Answer 11

Gag, Pol, or env

Question 12

HTLV 1

Answer 12

million people infected worldwide
deltaretrovirus
transmitted person=person thru bodily fluids or within the host (btwn surfaces of t cells)

Question 13

complications from HTLV 1

Answer 13

1. ATLL: latent 30-50 yrs, infect memory t cells, generate tumors, tx = chemotherapy
2. HAM/TSP: following transfusions, infected t cells enter CNS, onset 3 yrs after infection, starts with bladder and moves down, tx=corticosteroids and IFN

Question 14

where is HIV most prominent

Answer 14

subsaharan africa

Question 15

what made prevalence of HIV start declining

Answer 15

invention of retroviral therapy that targets reverse transcription (AZT)

Question 16

HIV transmission

Answer 16

1. sexual
2. mother-infant
3. parenteral

Question 17

latent period for AIDS

Answer 17

6 months - 25 years

Question 18

what does HIV target

Answer 18

memory T cells (CD4+)

Question 19

HIV tx

Answer 19

antiviral: AZT
protease inhibitor: retonavir
NNRTI

combo of all 3 is called HAART