intro to immuno Flashcards
innate immunity
not antigen specific, not selective, responds to anything
adaptive immunity
antigen specific, has to develop over time, utilized antibodies and T cells
innate immunity barriers to infection
- physical (epi and mucosal surfaces)
- chemical
- biological
where are lots of innate immune cells located
at and under epithelial border
where do all leukocytes come from
hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow
2 types of leukocytes
- myeloid cells
2. lymphoid cells
types of myeloid cells
- granulocytes (basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils)
- monocytes (macrophages once in tissue)
- dendritic cells (antigen presenting cells)
types of lymphoid cells
- NK cells (innate immunity)
2. B and T cells (adaptive immunity)
basophils
triggered by IgE
histamine is primary mediator
becomes mast cells in tissue
eosinophils
kill parasites
involved in inflammatory and allergic response
neutrophils
1st responder
phagocytic
monocytes
macrophages once in tissue
phagocytic
dendritic cells
antigen presenting to t cells
phagocytic
NK cells
innate immunity
nonspecifically kill virus infections and tumor cells
release granules and induce cell death
produce cytokines (IFN gamma)
what produce cytokines and chemokines?
what arecytokines and chemokines
monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells
cytokines: proteins that mediate inflammatory and immune rxns
chemokines: low MW cytokines that stimulate leukocyte movement and regulate migration of leukocytes from blood to tissue
what is the link btwn innate and adaptive immune responses, and how
dendritic cells (macrophages too)
via 1. presenting antigen on host surface
2. stimulation from cytokines
divisions of adaptive immunity
- humoral: attack extracellular microbes via B cells
2. cell mediated: attack intracellular pathogens via T cells
how can you tell immune cells apart?
by molecules on their cell surface
CD3+CD4+ cells
CD4+ t cells (helper T cells)
recognize MHC II
CD3+CD8+ cells
CD8+ t cells (cytotoxic T cells)
recognize MHC I
antigen
any substance that can be specifically bound by a cell of adaptive immunity and cause some change
types of antigens
- immunogen: immune resp
- tolerogen: immunologic tol or immune non resp
- allergen: cause allerg rxn
endogenous vs exogenous antigens
endogenous: within body cells, presented by APCs to CD8+ T cells
exogenous: enter body from environment, presented by APCs to CD4+ T cells
what controls leukocyte entry into peripheral sites
- physiochem variables (blood flow and electrostatic inf)
2. cellular adhesion molecules
toll like receptors (TLR)
almost identical across species
AKA pattern recognition receptors
recognize PAMPs
signaling cascade once TLR recognizes PAMP
- assemble compound that comes together as kinases 2. activates transcription factors
- gene transcription
- activation of innate and adaptive immunity
