Retroviridae Flashcards
To which virus family does the rabies virus belong?
Rhabdoviridae(In the Lyssavirus genus)
Noroviridae
Retroviridae
Vesiculoviridae
Rhabdoviridae(In the Lyssavirus genus)
What is the current status of rabies or rabies-like viruses risk level in North America?
high risk
no risk
low risk
medium
low risk
(Mostly, because the reservoir has been pushed back into the wild due to a successive vaccination program in dogs. Also remember that there is a vaccine for wild animals such as skunks, raccoons and foxes, in form of bait. It was developed by Dr. Charles Ruprecht (once a member of Faculty at RUSVM).)
The Ephemeralvirus genus has an important member that causes disease in:
pigs
pigeons
dogs
cattle
cattle
Which of the following descriptions of Rhabdoviridae virion properties is accurate?
enveloped, cone-shaped, double stranded, linear, negative sense RNA
enveloped, cone-shaped, single stranded, linear, positive sense RNA
enveloped, cone-shaped, double stranded, circular, negative sense RNA
enveloped, cone-shaped, single stranded, linear, negative sense RNA
enveloped, cone-shaped, single stranded, linear, negative sense RNA
If you wanted to design a neutralizing antibody-inducing vaccine against rabies virus to prevent its attachment and internalization, which protein of the virus would you target?
G protein
C protein
N protein
P protein
G protein
(Because the G proteins is the largest surface glycoprotein of Rhabdoviriadae which induces highly neutralizing antibodies in animals.)
Which rhabdovirus protein facilitates budding from an infected cell?
G protein
C protein
M protein
P protein
M protein
Where in the cell do rhabdoviruses replicate?
nuclear pore
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
cytoplasm
cytoplasm
The G, N, P, M and L mRNAs of rhabdoviruses are all translated by free cytoplasmic ribosomes.
T or F
False
With the exception of the G protein all are translated in free cytoplasmic ribosomes. The G protein is translated by ER associated ribosomes)
The rabies virus infects all mammals and so it is a zoonotic pathogen.
True /False
True
Rabies virus infection is maintained in two epidemiological cycles, urban and sylvatic. What is meant by “urban cycle”?
infection is maintained only in wild animals
the virus can only be secreted with saliva
the virus can only infect salivary glands
the reservoir is the dog
the reservoir is the dog
(The sylvatic cycle refers to the virus being maintained in wild animals.)
Which of the following is a phase in clinical rabies?
paralytic phase
prodromal phase
fury phase
all of the above
all of the above
(Remember, this course of rabies is apparent only for the dog. In other large domestic animals it may not present through all the phases. That’s why the prodromal may be overlooked, particularly in cattle., unless you are very attentive Veterinary Doctor.)
At what phase of clinical rabies would you observe photophobia and the resulting excessive salivation?
fury phase
paralytic phase
prodromal phase
all of the above
paralytic phase(The reason is that the animal cannot swallow saliva or water due to pharygeal paralysis)
Fury in rabid dogs is associated with virus extensively replicating in the …
limbic system of the nervous system
salivary glands
spinal cord
muscles
limbic system of the nervous system(Virus binds to receptor for acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. That is how the virus gains access to the nervous system.)
If histopathology results reveal the presence of Negri bodies in the hypothalamus of an animal suspected of rabies, it is enough to confirm rabies virus infection.
True or False
True (Bear in mind that the presence of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Negri Bodies) in neurons is the only typical finding during histopathology. Thus, Negri bodies are pathognomonic for rabies virus infection.)
A small farmer has two horses, 6 cows and 15 pigs. He reports three sick animals (a cow, a horse and 5 pigs). You recognize oral vesicles in the cow and the horse, and coronary band vesicles in the pigs. From choices given below, what disease should come to your mind first before you consider other differentials?
foot-and-mouth disease
vesicular stomatitis
A small farmer has two horses, 6 cows and 15 pigs. He vesicular disease of swine
Rinderpest
vesicular stomatitis(This should be your first thought, because the horse is involved. Remember that vesicular stomatitis is the only vesicular disease in the horse. However, the virus that causes vesicular stomatitis can cause vesicles in the mouth of cattle and on coronary bands of pigs.)
