Picornaviridae

Question 1

SVD is a vesicular disease that has not been reported in North America. What other vesicular diseases of cattle, swine or horses do you know?
vesicular stomatitis
foot-and-mouth disease
vesicular exanthema of swine
       all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

The pig is the only natural host of Swine Vesicular Disease Virus.
True
False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the difference between positive and negative sense viral RNA?
there is no difference because both types of RNA are translated in the cytoplasm
no answer is correct
viral proteins can be translated directly only from the positive sense RNA
there is no difference because both encode viral genes

Answer 3

viral proteins can be translated directly only from the positive sense RNA

Question 4

Sodium carbonate is a disinfectant of choice during FMDV outbreaks
True
False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

The Picornaviridae genome is organized in one open reading frame (ORF). What does this imply for protein translation?
no answer is correct
protein expression will be delayed
protein translation will ensue as a single polypeptide
protein expression will be difficult

Answer 5

protein translation will ensue as a single polypeptide

Question 6

Swine vesicular disease virus is sensitive to ambient temperature and to sodium carbonate.
True
False

Answer 6

False

Question 7

How would you clinically distinguish between Foot-and-mouth disease, Swine Vesicular disease and vesicular stomatitis in pigs?
lesions in vesicular stomatitis are located only in the oral cavity
lesions in swine vesicular disease are found throughout body
lesions in foot-and-mouth disease are located mostly on feet
lesions are indistinguishable, laboratory diagnosis is necessary

Answer 7

lesions are indistinguishable, laboratory diagnosis is necessary

Question 8

There is cross protection between the 7 serotypes of FMDV, which makes it easy to vaccinate against FMD.
True
False

Answer 8

False

Question 9

If FMDV was present on a farm with a mixture of animals such pigs, goats, sheep and cattle, which animal species would manifest clinical signs first?
horses
sheep
cattle and pigs
goats

Answer 9

cattle and pigs

Question 10

Pigs are always referred to as amplifiers of FMDV. What does this mean?
virion size of FMDV in pigs is twice that in cattle
replication of FMDV in pigs is intensive, resulting in a high concentration of virus on the premises
pigs have more vesicles than cattle
FMDV isolated from pigs is easily amplified by PCR

Answer 10

replication of FMDV in pigs is intensive, resulting in a high concentration of virus on the premises

Question 11

Which of the following statements is a consequence of FMDV infection in livestock?
limitation of international trade in livestock and animal products
economic losses to farmers and producers
loss in livestock production
all of the above

Answer 11

all of the above

Question 12

The following are routes of FMDV transmission: aerosols, direct contact and indirect contact via fomites.
True
False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

In FMD-free countries such the UK, how is FMD controlled when an outbreak occurs?
none of the above
vaccination
treatment of infected animals
quarantine, euthanization and disposal

Answer 13

quarantine, euthanization and disposal

Question 14

In North America who is authorized to handle diagnostic samples for FMD?
only veterinary hospitals
veterinary research centres
only reference laboratories
any diagnostic laboratory can handle such samples as long as they have appropriate equipment to run the tests

Answer 14

only reference laboratories

Question 15

What is your best choice of clinical samples for FMDV or SVD testing?
nasal swabs
skin scrapings
oral swabs
blood, vesicular fluid, raptured vesicular swabs

Answer 15

blood, vesicular fluid, raptured vesicular swabs

Question 16

Numerous assays have been developed to detect FMDV or SVDV in clinical samples. What assays would you choose to achieve rapid detection and confirmation of these viruses?
virus isolation in cell culture
RT-PCR, ELISA, virus isolation, in that order
western blot
inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs

Answer 16

RT-PCR, ELISA, virus isolation, in that order

Question 17

To which virus family and genus does FMDV belong?
Picornaviridae, enterovirus
Filoviridae, aphtovirus
Picornaviridae, aphtovirus
Paramyxoviridae, aphtovirus

Answer 17

Paramyxoviridae, aphtovirus

Question 18

Which of the following strategies of cell entry can be employed by members ofthe picornaviridae?
endocytosis
VP4 and VP1 mediated injection of the capsid
membrane fusion
all options are correct

Answer 18

all options are correct

Question 19

What are the prominent locations of FMD lesions in cattle and pigs?
oral mucosal only
foot and mouth
all over the body
exclusively on coronary bands

Answer 19

foot and mouth

Question 20

FMD is a highly contagious disease that always results in:
high morbidity and mortality
high morbidity
high mortality
       all of the above.

Answer 20

high morbidity