Retrieval Failure AO1 Flashcards
1
Q
Explain the idea of retrieval failure.
A
- when information entres memory the associated cues are also stored
- if a suffient amout of cues are not availlble then it will cause you to forget
2
Q
Who created the encoing specifiity principle?
A
Tulving
3
Q
What does the encoing specifiity principle state?
A
- that for cues to be helpful they must be preset at encoing/learing and recall
- if the cues availlable at learning and recall are different, forgetting will occur
4
Q
What evidence is there to support the encoing specifiity principle?
A
Tulving and Pealstne’s eperiment
5
Q
Describe Tulving and Pearlston’s experiment.
encoing specifiity principle
A
- participants learnt 48 words in 12 categories
- there were 2 different recall conditions (free and cued)
- in free recall 40% of words was remembered
- in cued recall 60% of words was remembered
- they found that cues inrease recall
6
Q
Who created context dependent forgetting?
A
Godden and Baddeley
7
Q
Desribe Godden and Baddeley’s study.
context dependent forgetting
A
- divers learnt a list of words in two condition (under water or on land)
- they also recalled in two different conditions (uner water or on land)
- they found that the highst recall occured when the participants recalled and learnt in the same condition and the lowest when they weren’t
- showed that the amount of environmental cues affect memory
8
Q
What are the two types of retrival failure?
A
- context dependent
- state dependent
9
Q
Who created state dependent forgetting?
A
Goodwin et al
10
Q
Describe Goodwin et al’s experiment.
state dependent forgetting
A
- male volunteers given a list of words to learn in two conditions (drunk or sober)
- they were then asked to recall them 24h after
- they recalled in two conditions (drunk or sober)
- the highest recall when they were in the same state during recall and learning
- showed that your state affects memory
