retrieval failure Flashcards
what is retrieval failure?
the process by which we forget because we don’t have access to a memory unless there us specific cue despite the memory still being available in the LTM
what is a cue?
a trigger of information which allows us access to a memory
who suggested the encoding specific principle?
Tulving
What is the ESP?
it states that if a cue is to help us recall information it as to be present in the encoding and at retrieval
Who did Godden and Baddeley investigate context-dependent forgetting?
they created four conditions for divers, 2 matching conditions two not and had them learn a list of words then gave them a free recall test
What did Godden and Baddeley find when investigating context-dependant forgetting?
in non-matching-pair conditions recall was 40% lower than in matching conditions, illustrating the different context of learning and recall lead to some information being ost
What did Godden and Baddeley find when they repeated their experiment instead with a recognition test?
that there are limitations to the context-dependent forget as it did not apply to recognition
What did Aggelton and Waskett find hen investigating context-dependent cues using museum visitors?
the found that when participants were exposed to the same smell of the museum they could recall more detail with more accuracy than those who were not even after long lengths of time
How did Godwin investigate state-dependant forgetting and what did he find?
he studied people who drunk a lot and found that when they often forgot where they placed items and often had to consume alcohol again to remember where the item was
How did Carter and Cassaday investigate state-dependent forgetting and what did they find?
they create 4 different conditions using anti-histamines and found that when there was a mismatch in intern state performance in a memory test was significantly worse
What are the criticisms of the ESP?
there is no way of testing it as we cannot tell if a clue was encoded at the time of learning, also it does not apply to the procedural memory
what are the real-life applications of the ESP?
older people with memory problems could ebb given cues to help them remember information and they could learn information alongside cues so they would find it easier to later recall the information
