Restrictive Lung Dysfunction

Question 1

What is restrictive disease characterized by?

Answer 1

difficulty expanding the lungs
Causes a reduction in lung volumes
Reduction in pulmonary ventilation

Question 2

What is the problem with in RLD?

Answer 2

compliance is decreased, lungs are stiff
difficult to expand
resistance to expansion

Question 3

Signs of RLD:

Answer 3

tachypnea, hypoxemia, decreased breath sounds, decreased lung volumes and capacities
pulmonary hypertension
Right sided heart failure

Question 4

Symptoms of RLD:

Answer 4

dyspnea
cough
weight loss
muscle wasting

Question 5

Cardinal presentation of chronic bronchitis

Answer 5

decreased compliance

Question 6

Cardinal presentation of emphysema

Answer 6

decreased lung volume

Question 7

Cardinal presentation of asthma

Answer 7

decreased lung capacity

Question 8

Cardinal presentation of CF

Answer 8

FEV/FVC preserved

decreased diffusion capacity

Question 9

What anatomy is affected in RDL?

Answer 9

lung parenchyma

thoracic pump

Question 10

In what breathing phase is difficult in RDL?

Answer 10

inspiration

Question 11

Pathophysiology of RDL:

Answer 11

decreased lung or thoracic compliance

Question 12

Supportive Treatment Measures for Restrictive Disease

Answer 12

supplemental O2
Antiobiotic treatment for secondary infections
interventions to promote adequate ventilation and prevent accumulation of secretion
good nutritional support

Question 13

Development/Maturational Causes

Answer 13

Fetal Lung Development
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Alveolar collapse
abnormalities in surfactant

Question 14

Pneumonia

Answer 14

Inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma

Begins as infection in the lower respiratory tract

Question 15

Pleural Diseases the cause RDL

Answer 15

pleural effusions
atelectasis
acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury

Question 16

Atelectasis

Answer 16

incomplete expansion
Region of the lung is collapsed
Part of a disease process – not a disease itself

Question 17

Cardiovascular causes of RDL

Answer 17

pulmonary edema

pulmonary emboli

Question 18

Pulmonary edema

Answer 18

Interstitium affected first, then alveoli
Cardiogenic & noncardiogenic
Treatment—aimed at decreasing cardiac preload and maintaining oxygenation

Question 19

Pulmonary emboli:

Answer 19

Complication – venous thrombosis that travels, most common is leg
Blockage – edema & hemorrhage
Treatment – DVT prevention, exercise, medication

Question 20

Risk factors for LE thrombus

Answer 20

immobilization
injuries to leg
increased age
inherited clotting disorders
infections and inflammatory disease
obesity
pregnancy
smoking
post surgical

Question 21

Kyphoscolosis

Answer 21

AP & lateral curve of spine >70 deg

Question 22

Surgical & Therapeutic Causes

Answer 22

Anesthetic agent
Surgical incision or Procedure itself
Pain caused by incision or procedure