Cardiovascular Medications

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Describes the fate of the drug in the body

Question 2

Clearance

Answer 2

Rate of elimination by all routes relative to the concentration of drug in any biological fluid

Question 3

What is clearance affected by?

Answer 3

genetic and environmental factors, nutritional habits, weight of person, exercise, age

Question 4

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

Describes the interaction of drugs with tissue receptors and the resulting pharmacological effect

Question 5

Sympathomimetics (adrenergic agonists)—

Answer 5

mimic activity of endogenous catecholamines and dopamine

Question 6

Sympatholytics (adrenergic antagonists)—

Answer 6

reduce the action of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

Parasympathomimetics

Answer 7

cholinergic drugs that stimulate parasympathetic activity (cholinergic agonists)

Question 8

Parasympatholytics

Answer 8

drugs that block cholinergic activity (cholinergic antagonists)

Question 9

Drugs that decrease myocardial oxygen demand

Answer 9

Beta-blockers
Calcium-channel blockers
Nitrates

Question 10

Drugs that increase myocardial oxygen supply

Answer 10

Thrombolytic agents
Antiplatelet agents
Anticoagulants
Calcium-channel blockers

Question 11

Positive inotropes

Answer 11

drugs that increase myocardial contractility

Question 12

Negative inotropes

Answer 12

drugs that decrease contractility

Question 13

Stage A of HF:

Answer 13

At a high risk for heart failure but without structural heart disease or symptoms of HF

Question 14

Drug therapy for stage A:

Answer 14

control risk factors

Question 15

Stage B of HF:

Answer 15

Structural heart disease but without signs and symptoms of HF

Question 16

Drug therapy for stage B:

Answer 16

ACE
ARB
beta-blockers as appropriate

Question 17

Stage C of HF:

Answer 17

structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF

Question 18

Drug therapy for stage C:

Answer 18

diuretic for symptoms of congestion; control comorobities

Diuretics, ACE, ARB, beta-blockers, aldosterone

Question 19

Stage D of HF:

Answer 19

Refractory HF requiring specialized interventions

Question 20

Stage D of HF:

Answer 20

parenteral medications for inotropy, diuresis

Question 21

NYHA functional classification I:

Answer 21

No limits of physical activity. Ordinary activity does not cause symptoms of HF

Question 22

NYHA functional classification II:

Answer 22

Slight limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity causes symptoms of HF

Question 23

NYHA functional classification III:

Answer 23

Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes symptoms of HF

Question 24

NYHA functional classification IV:

Answer 24

Unable to carry on physical activity without symptoms of HF, or symptoms of HF at rest