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CardioPulm > Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Calculation of BMI:

A

weight(kg)/height (m2)

[Weight (lbs)/height (in2)]x701

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2
Q

Resting energy expenditure

A

energy required for basic physiologic functions

60-75% of total daily expenditure

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3
Q

Diet induced themogenesis

A

increase in metabolic rate associated with processing of ingested food
10% of TDE

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4
Q

Physical activity

A

energy expended on volitional and nonvocational activities

10-30%

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5
Q

BMI underweight

A

less than 18.5

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6
Q

BMI normal weight

A

18.5-24.9

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7
Q

BMI overweight

A

25.0-29.9

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8
Q

BMI obese class I

A

30-34.9

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9
Q

BMI obese class II

A

35.0-39.9

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10
Q

BMI obese class III

A

greater than 40

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11
Q

Endurance training for obese patients

A

moderate intensity (40% to 60% of HRR); emphasize duration

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12
Q

Metabolic Syndrome

A

Refers to a cluster of interrelated risk factors that includes central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, HTN, insulin resistance, IGT

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13
Q

What is visceral obesity associated with?

A

development of insulin resistance

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14
Q

How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed?

A 
three of five criteria must be present:
Central obesity
Elevated triglycerides
Low HDL
HTN 
Elevated Fasting Blood Glucose
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15
Q

Type 1 DM

A

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas

Lack of insulin secretion

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16
Q

Type 2 DM

A

Genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by insulin resistance, relative insulin deficiency, progressive decline in beta cell function
Hyperglycemia due to increased rate of hepatic glucose production

17
Q

Mild to moderate hyperglycemia adrenergic:

A

frequent urination

dry mouth, increased thirst

18
Q

Mild to moderate hyperglycemia neuroglycopenic

A

weakness or fatigue

19
Q

More marked hyperglycemia adrenergic

A

increased hunger

flulike achiness

20
Q

More marked hyperglycemia

neuroglycopenic:

A

headache

blurred vision

21
Q

Serious ketoacidosis

adrenergic

A 
facial flushing
dry skin
nausea or vomiting
abdominal pain
deep, rapid breathing
fruity-smelling breath
22
Q

Serious ketoacidosis

neuroglycopenic

A

coma

death

23
Q

Kidney function

A

control of extracellular fluid volume, regulation of serum osmolality, electrolyte and acid-base balances, secretion of hormones

24
Q

Risk factors for chronic kidney disease

A

DM, HTN, CVD, and obesity

25
Q

Stage 1 Kidney Disease

A

kidney damage with normal or increased GFR

26
Q

Stage 2 Kidney Disease

A

kidney damage with mildly decreased GFR

27
Q

Stage 3 Kidney Disease

A

moderately decreased GFR

28
Q

Stage 4 kidney disease

A

severely decreased GFR

29
Q

Stage 5 kidney disease

A

kidney failure

30
Q

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease

A

Chronic kidney disease increases risk of major CV events
Patients on dialysis – 40% have evidence of CAD and 85% have abnormal LV structure and mass
HTN is both a cause and a consequence
Accelerated atherosclerosis
Heart failure is prevalent
Pulmonary edema is most serious problem
Fibrinous pleuritis
Pulmonary calcification
Treatment of ESRD (hemodialysis) is associated with pulmonary complications – decrease in arterial PaO2
Peritoneal dialysis is associated with pleural effusions and elevated diaphragm

31
Q

Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure

A

Goals include retard the rate of progressive deterioration in renal function, minimize complications of CRF
Preventive measures using medications
Primary and secondary prevention of CVD
Renal replacement therapy using hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
Kidney transplantation

32
Q

What lab values should be reviewed prior to each session with patients with chronic kidney disease?

A

Hgb, Hct, glucose, potassium, calcium, creatinine and BUN, WBC, platelets

33
Q

Connective Tissue Diseases

A 
Connective tissue cells or extracellular matrix proteins, particularly collagens, proteoglycans, and elastins are damaged
Often diffuse systemic effects
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
Ankylosing spondylitis
Mixed connective tissue disease
Inflammatory myopathies
Inherited connective tissue diseases
34
Q

Infiltrative Diseases

A

Affect heart and/or lungs through infiltration or deposition of various substances within large organs
Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Hemochromatosis

35
Q

Neuromuscular Diseases and Neurological Disorders

A 
Spinal cord injury
Parkinson Disease
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Multiple Sclerosis
Myasthenia Gravis
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Additional types of muscular dystrophy
Myotonic dystrophy
Postpolio syndrome
Friedreich ataxia

CardioPulm (22 decks)

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