Intervention Prevention Measures

Question 1

Primary prevention—

Answer 1

active intervention for risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease

Question 2

Who are candidates for primary prevention?

Answer 2

individuals who are at moderate or high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and with family histories of CVD

Question 3

Components of primary prevention program

Answer 3

Therapeutic exercise—aerobic and resistance
Dietary counseling
Stress management or biofeedback
Smoking cessation
Pharmacological management
Education and self-management techniques

Question 4

Phase I of cardiac rehab:

Answer 4

acute or inpatient

Question 5

Phase II of cardiac rehab:

Answer 5

subacute or outpatient

intensive monitoring

Question 6

Phase III of cardiac rehab:

Answer 6

Post-acute/Post d/c from Phase II - Community Exercise Program
training and maintenance

Question 7

Phase I

Answer 7

Early mobilization of acute coronary patient to activity reduces complications and improves mortality rate
Conducted when patient is considered stable

Question 8

Specific outcome measures used in acute phases of cardiac rehab

Answer 8

self management of symptoms
patient knowledge of factors associated with condition
aerobic capacity or endurance
self care at home
physiological response to increased O2 demand
safety

Question 9

Pseudoglandular period

Answer 9

6-16 weeks

Question 10

Canalicular period

Answer 10

16-26 weeks

Question 11

Terminal saccular period

Answer 11

26 weeks to birth

Question 12

Alveolar period:

Answer 12

32 weeks-8 years

Question 13

Appearance of pulmonary capillaries:

Answer 13

16-26 weeks

Question 14

When do earliest strand of endothelial strands appear?

Answer 14

3 weeks of gestation

Question 15

Cord form heart by:

Answer 15

21 days

Question 16

Single heart tube begins to beat:

Answer 16

22-23 days

Question 17

Circulating blood:

Answer 17

27days

Question 18

Cyanoctic:

Answer 18

artieral O2 saturation is decreased

Question 19

Acyanotic:

Answer 19

normal O2 saturation

Question 20

Persistent pulmonary hypertension

Answer 20

Prematurity is associated with PDA

Seen in infants with infant respiratory distress syndrome

Question 21

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 21

Hyaline membrane disease or RDS
Caused by deficient amount of pulmonary surfactant
Characterized by airless alveoli, inelastic lungs, respiration rate >60 bpm, nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, grunting on expiration, peripheral edema

Question 22

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 22

Sudden, unexpected death during sleep of an otherwise healthy infant
May be linked with respiration
“Back to Sleep” campaign—NICHD

Question 23

Dynamic insufficiency

Answer 23

high output insufficiency

Question 24

Mechanical insufficiency

Answer 24

low output insufficiency

Question 25

Stage 0 lypmphedema (latency)

Answer 25

no clinical edema
Stemmer’s sign negative
tissue and skin appear normal
transport capacity reduced

Question 26

Stage 1 lymphedema (reversible stage)

Answer 26

edema present (soft and pitting)
edema reversible with elevation
edema worsens with standing
Stemmer sign negative
tissue appears normal

Question 27

Stage 2 lymphedema (spontaneously irreversible

Answer 27

edema present, maybe soft and pitting, progressing to hard
Edema does not reverse with elevation
stemmer positive
skin changes
frequent infections
tissue appears fibrosclerotic

Question 28

Stage 3 lymphedema (Lymphostatic elephantiasis)

Answer 28

edema present, brawny nonpitting edema
stemmer positive
Edema does not reverse with elevation
frequent infections