Restrictive Lung Diseases Flashcards
What comprises the interstitium of the lung?
The connective tissue space around airways and vessels
AND
The space between the basement membranes of the alveolar walls
What are the general signs of restrictive lung diseases?
- Reduced lung compliance
- Low FEV1 and FVC (normal ratio)
- Reduced Gast Transfer
- V/Q mismatch
What is the typical presentation of diffuse lung disease?
- Abnormal CXR
- Dyspnoea
- Type I Respiratory - Failure
- Heart Failure
What does parenchymal lung injury lead to in an acute response?
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)
What non-idiopathic causes of diffuse alveolar damage are there?
- Major trauma
- Chemical injury
- Circulatory shock
- Drugs
- Infection
- Autoimmune disease
- Radiation
What two phases of diffuse alveolar damage are there?
Exudative and proliferative
What are the histological features of DADS?
- Protein rich oedema
- Hyaline membranes
- Denuded basement membranes
- Epithelial and fibroblast proliferation
- Fibrosis
What three responses to chronic parenchymal lung injury are there?
- Usual Interstitial Pneumonitis (UIP)
- Granulomatous responses
- Other patterns
What granulomatous disorders occur?
- Sarcoidosis
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
What is sarcoidosis?
A multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology
What is the typical histopathology of sarcoidosis?
- Epithelioid and giant cell granulomas
- Necrosis and caseation (formation of hard tissue in tuberculosis) unusual
- Little lymphoid infiltration
- Variable associated fibrosis
What sex is most effected by sarcoidosis?
Females more than males
What are common organs that sarcoidosis infects?
Lymph nodes, lung, spleen, liver, eyes
What is the typical presentation of sarcoidosis in your adults?
- Acute arthralgia (joint pain)
- Erythema nodosum (red blotches in skin)
- Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy)
What treatment is used for sarcoidosis?
Corticosteroids
