Developmental Aspects of Lung Disease Flashcards
Outline the stages of respiratory morphogenesis
- Embryonic
- Pseudo-glandular
- Canalicular
- Saccular
- Alveolar
What occurs during embryonic morphogenesis of the RT?
The trachea develops off of the larynx-traceal groove
What occurs during pseudo-glandular morphogenesis of the RT?
Bronchioli develop
What occurs during canalicular morphogenesis of the RT?
Respiratory airways for blood-gas barrier thins - surfactant begins production
What occurs during saccular and alveolar morphogenesis of the RT?
Saccules and alveoli develop
How many alveoli are present at birth (average)?
100 million
How many alveoli develop post-natum?
200-600 million
What is a congenital lung defect?
Birth defect
What congenital defects can arise from the embryonic morphogenesis stage?
- Tracheal/larygeal stenosis
- Pulmonary agenesis
- Trachea-Oesophageal fistular
What congenital defects can arise from the pseudo-glandular morphogenesis stage?
- Pulmonary sequestration (non-functional lung tissue die to incorrect connection)
- Cystenomatoid malformations (benign cystic tumours)
- Cysts formation
What abnormalities are associated with the diaphragm?
- Pulmonary hypoplasia (underdevelopment)
- Persistant pulmonary hypertension
Describe two neonatal functional lung disorders
Hyaline Membrane disease (surfactant deficiency)
Chronic neonatal lung disease (BPD, CLPD) - increased prevalence of asthma, COPD and bronchitis
What is the treatment for Hyaline Membrane Disease?
Antenatal glucocorticoids, surfactant supplement, mechanical ventilation (CPAP) and oxygen
Antenatal origins of adult lung diseases include what?
In utero nicotine exposure, low birth weight, poor nutrition
Postnatal origins of adult lung diseases include what?
- Infection (Barker Hypothesis)
- Exposure to Smoke (ETS)
- Environmental pollution
