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Systems 1 - The Respiratory System > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The left side of the chest drain its lymph into where?

A

Thoracic duct and then into the left brachiocephalic vein

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2
Q

The right side of the chest drains its lymph into where?

A

The right lymphatic duct and then into the right brachiocephalic vein

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3
Q

What is the thoracic outlet (anatomical definition)

A

The inferior aperture of the rib cage

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4
Q

What parts of the body boarder the thoracic outlet (anatomical definition)?

A
  • 12th vertebra posteriorly
  • 11th and 12th pairs of ribs laterally
  • Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 and the xiphisternal process anteriorly
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5
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity?

A

The thoracic-abdominal diaphragm

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6
Q

What are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve?

A

Anterior rami of C3, C4 and C5 spinal nerves

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7
Q

What are the motor functions of the phrenic nerve?

A

Pierces are innervates the diaphragm from its inferior surface

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8
Q

What are the sensory functions of the phrenic nerve?

A

Supplies the central part o the diaphragm

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9
Q

What nerves innervate the peripheral parts of the diaphragm?

A

Intercostal nerves T7-T12

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10
Q

What is the central attachment of the diaphragm?

A

Central tendon

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11
Q

What are the three peripheral attachments of the diaphragm?

A
  • Lumbar vertebra and acrurate ligaments
  • Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
  • Xiphoid process of the sternum
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12
Q

Parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebra are known as what?

A

The crura (left crus and right crus)

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13
Q

Where does the right crus arise from?

A

L1-L3 vertebra

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14
Q

What feature of the right crus helps prevent gastric reflux?

A

Some fibres wrap around the oesophageal opening

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15
Q

Where does the left crus arise from?

A

L1-L2 vertebra

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16
Q

What are hiatuses of the diaphragm?

A

Openings to allow vessels down into the peritoneal cavity

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17
Q

Where does the caval hiatus occur?

A

T8 - allows penetration of the inferior vena cava and phrenic nerve through the central tendon of the diaphragm

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18
Q

Where does the oesophageal hiatus occur?

A

T10 - allows passage of the oesophagus and both the vagus nerves through the sling of the right crus

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19
Q

Where does the aortic hiatus occur?

A

T12 - transmits the aorta, thoracic duct, azygos and hemiazygos vein between the left and right crura

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20
Q

What kind of shape is the first rib?

A

Broad and flat

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21
Q

Describe the features of the head of the first rib

A

Possesses only one facet for articulation with the first thoracic vertebra

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22
Q

Describe the features of the upper surface of the body of the first rib

A

Marked with two shallow grooves and separated by a scalene tubercle

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23
Q

What is the function o the scalene tubercle?

A

Attachment to the anterior scalene muscle

24
Q

What is the structure associated with the anterior groove of the first rib?

A

Subclavian vein

25
Q

What are the structures associated with the posterior groove of the first rib?

A

The subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus

26
Q

How are the upper and lower respiratory tracts divided into different regions?

A

Upper tract is above the sternal angle (T4) where the trachea bifurcates - anything below this point is considered to be the lower respiratory tract

27
Q

What region of the neck is the larynx found and how far does it extend?

A

Between C3 and C6 and extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the inferior boarder of the cricoid cartilage

28
Q

What innervates the larynx?

A

Branches of the vagus nerve

29
Q

What five structures comprise the larynx?

A

The epiglottis, the hyoid bone, the thyroid cartilage, the arytenoid cartilages and the corniculate cartilages

30
Q

What structure of the larynx forms the Larnygeal prominence (Adam’s Apple)?

A

The thyroid cartilage

31
Q

At what location does the hyoid bone occur?

A

C2-C3

32
Q

At what location does the thyrohyoid membrane occur?

A

C4

33
Q

At what location does the Larnygeal prominence occur?

A

C5

34
Q

At what location does the cricoid cartilage occur and the trachea begin?

A

C6

35
Q

Describe the lobed structure of the right lung

A

Superior lobe, horizontal fissure, middle lobe, oblique fissure, inferior lobe

36
Q

Describe the lobed structure of the left lung

A

Superior lobe, oblique fissure, inferior lobe, cardiac notch, lingula

37
Q

What is the lingula?

A

The homologue structure of the middle lobe on the left lung

38
Q

What is the lung hilum?

A

The area located on the medial/mediastinal surface of the lung

39
Q

What is the root of the lung?

A

Is the group of structures (bronchus, artery, veins, lymphatics, nerves) that enter or leave the lung hilum

40
Q

What are the pleura of the lungs?

A

Membranes that surround the lungs

41
Q

What pleura adheres to the interior of the rib cage?

A

Parietal pleura

42
Q

What pleura adheres to the the lungs themselves?

A

Visceral pleura

43
Q

What fills the pleural cavity?

A

Pleural fluid (approx. 3ml)

44
Q

What is the region of space between the left and right lung called?

A

Mediastinum

45
Q

The root of the right lung has an additional structure, what is this?

A

An additional bronchus called the eparietal bronchus (the right primary bronchus is called the hyparietal bronchus)

46
Q

What is the region of the lung pleural close to the apex of the lungs referred to as?

A

The cupular pleura

47
Q

What is the region of the lung pleural close to the mediastinal surface called?

A

The mediastinal pleura

48
Q

What is the region of the lung pleural close to the ribs called?

A

The costal pleura

49
Q

What is the region of the lung pleural close to the diaphragm called?

A

The diaphragmatic pleura

50
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the parietal pleura

A

Somatic nerves (IC nerves and phrenic nerve)

51
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the visceral pleura

A

Autonomic nerves (T2-T5)

52
Q

The nerves of the pleura are sensitive to what stimulus?

A

Pain

53
Q

What is a pleural reflection?

A

A place where the pleura changes its direction of travel

54
Q

What is a pleural recess?

A

The increased space between the layers of the pleura occurring at the pleural reflections

55
Q

What two reflections and recesses surround the lungs?

A

Costomediatinal and costodiaphragmatic (costophrenic)

56
Q

Where does the costomediastinal reflection and recess occur?

A

Cardiac notch of the left lung

57
Q

Where does the costodiaphragmatic (costophrenic) reflection and recess occur?

A

Below the lungs

Systems 1 - The Respiratory System (25 decks)

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