Restrictive Lung Disease PP 30 on

Question 1

Fracture leads to impairment of negative intrapleural pressure generation

Answer 1

Flail chest

Question 2

Lung \_\_\_\_\_\_\_injury includes 
Pulmonary contusion
Decreased lung compliance
Respiratory failure
in\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 2

parenchymal; flail chest

Question 3

Interstitial and alveolar hemorrhage

Answer 3

Flail chest

Question 4

Trauma

Paradoxical motion of chest wall

Answer 4

Flail chest

Question 5

SOB, cyanosis

Pain on inspiration

Answer 5

Flail chest

Question 6

Hypotension

Hypoxemia, low arterial PO2

Answer 6

Flail chest

Question 7

Pneumothorax, hemothorax, subcutaneous emphysema are common

Answer 7

Flail chest

Question 8

Managed with mechanical ventilation

Answer 8

Flail chest

Question 9

Continuous epidural anesthesia helps to manage ____

Answer 9

flail chest

Question 10

Inflammatory reaction in the alveoli and interstitium caused by an infectious agent

Answer 10

Pneumonia

Question 11

Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions composed of normal bacterial flora or gastric contents (25% to 35%)
causes _______

Answer 11

Pneumonia

Question 12

Inhalation of contaminants
Contamination from the systemic circulation
causes ________

Answer 12

Pneumonia

Question 13

Name 5 classifications of Pneumonia

Answer 13

hospital/community acquired, viral/bacterial, atypical

Question 14

Hospitalized patients
Hypoxic patients
Immune-compromised patients
at high risk for ________

Answer 14

Pneumonia

Question 15

Those with adiminished gag reflex
elderly
Seriously ill
at high risk for _________

Answer 15

Pneumonia

Question 16

In Pneumonia__________ present as a lung abscess, necrotizing pneumonia, or empyema; usually caused by aspiration of normal oral bacteria into the lung

Answer 16

Anaerobic bacteria

Question 17

__________ is commonly seen in the summer and fall in young adults; common between the ages of 5 and 20

Answer 17

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

Question 18

________ disease is when
Organism lives in H2O
Transmitted by portable H2O, condensers, cooling towers
This is a type of _______

Answer 18

Legionnaires; pneumonia

Question 19

__________ disease
Fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, liver and kidney failure, pulmonary infiltrates
Treatment: macrolide antibiotic
This is a type of ______

Answer 19

Legionnaires; pneumonia

Question 20

The following are types of ________ pneumonia

Pneumocystis jiroveci
Opportunistic fungal infection
Common in patients with cancer or HIV

Aspergillus
Opportunistic fungal infection
Released from walls of old buildings under reconstruction

Answer 20

opportunistic

Question 21

Opportunistic fungal infection

Common in patients with cancer or HIV

Answer 21

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 22

Opportunistic fungal infection

Released from walls of old buildings under reconstruction

Answer 22

Aspergillus

Question 23

Acquired when normal pulmonary defense mechanisms are compromised
Organisms enter lung, multiply, and trigger pulmonary inflammation

Answer 23

Pneumonia

Question 24

Inflammatory cells invade alveolar septa

Alveolar air spaces fill with exudative fluid

Answer 24

Pneumonia

Question 25

_______pneumonia doesn’t produce exudative fluids

Answer 25

viral

Question 26

Severity of disease and patient age cause variation in symptoms Crackles (rales) and bronchial breath sounds over affected lung tissue symptoms of ______

Answer 26

Pneumonia

Question 27

Chills Fever Cough, purulent sputum symptoms of ______

Answer 27

Pneumonia

Question 28

__________ pneumonia includes upper respiratory prodrome like.... Fever, nonproductive cough, hoarseness, coryza accompanied by wheezing/rales

Answer 28

viral

Question 29

_______ pneumonia includes | Cough, tachypnea, rales, wheezes, and no fever

Answer 29

Chlamydia

Question 30

``` Fever Cough Headache Malaise are symptoms of ________, a type of _______ ```

Answer 30

Mycoplasma; Pneumonia

Question 31

``` Parenchymal infiltrates (white shadows) in involved area used to diagnose ________ ```

Answer 31

Pneumonia

Question 32

Sputum C&S, ______, and WBC>_____ used to diagnose ______

Answer 32

CURB-65; 15,000; Pneumonia

Question 33

You can use antibiotic therapy to treat _______ based on sensitivity of culture

Answer 33

Pneumonia

Question 34

``` Prior infection (90%) are high risk for _______ ```

Answer 34

pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 35

``` Malnourishment, immunosuppression Living in overcrowded condition Incarcerated persons Immigrants Elderly are high risk for _______ ```

Answer 35

pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 36

Multi-drug resistant

Answer 36

pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 37

Acid-fast aerobic bacillus Infects lungs and lymph nodes is __________ which causes _______

Answer 37

Mycobacterium tb;pulmonary tb

Question 38

Inhalation of small droplets containing bacteria Droplets expelled with cough, sneeze, or talking causes _______

Answer 38

pulmonary tb

Question 39

Involvement of distant organ systems and ______ disease cause _________

Answer 39

disseminated; pulmonary tb

Question 40

Name 2 classifications of pulmonary tb

Answer 40

primary and reactivating

Question 41

________ tb may lie dormant for years or decades

Answer 41

primary

Question 42

_________ tb May occur many years after primary infection Impaired immune system causes reactivation

Answer 42

reactivating

Question 43

_________ tb | HIV, corticosteroid use, silicosis, and diabetes mellitus have been found to be associated with reactivation

Answer 43

reactivating

Question 44

Entry of mycobacteria into lung tissue | causes _______

Answer 44

pulmonary tb

Question 45

Alveolar macrophages ingest and process microorganisms in _______

Answer 45

pulmonary tb

Question 46

Lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination -T-cells and macrophages surround organisms in granulomas in _______

Answer 46

pulmonary tb

Question 47

Reactivation occurs if immunosuppressed

Answer 47

pulmonary tb

Question 48

Pathologic manifestation is Ghon tubercle or parenchymal complex

Answer 48

pulmonary tb

Question 49

History of contact with infected person Low-grade fever symptoms of ______

Answer 49

pulmonary tb

Question 50

Night sweats Fatigue symptoms of _______

Answer 50

pulmonary tb

Question 51

What is the most common symptom of pulmonary tb

Answer 51

chronic cough

Question 52

``` Weight loss Malaise Anorexia Malnourishment symptoms of _______ ```

Answer 52

pulmonary tb

Question 53

Apical crackles (rales) Bronchial breath sounds over region of consolidation symptoms of _____

Answer 53

pulmonary tb

Question 54

________ culture is a definitive diagnosis of pulmonary tb

Answer 54

sputum

Question 55

How to decipher sputum culture?

Answer 55

Three consecutive, morning specimens Identify slow-growing acid-fast bacillus Takes 1-3 weeks for determination

Question 56

DNA or RNA amplification techniques used to diagnose ______

Answer 56

pulmonary tb

Question 57

________ skin test used to identify pulmonary tb. However it is difficult to distinguish between current disease or past infection

Answer 57

Tb

Question 58

Nodules with infiltrates in apex and posterior segments | found on chest x ray when diagnosing ______

Answer 58

pulmonary tb

Question 59

When treating pulmonary tb, administer drug therapy for ______ to ______ months. And add ____ new agents when treatment failure suspected.

Answer 59

9-12; 2

Question 60

Providing safest, most effective therapy for shortest period of time Ensuring adherence to therapy by using directly observed therapy are key when treating _______

Answer 60

pulmonary tb

Question 61

________ to therapy is biggest cause of failure when treating pulmonary tb

Answer 61

non adherence

Question 62

Treat Legionnaires disease with ______ antibiotic

Answer 62

macrolide