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Patho Exam 3 > COPD PP 1-20 > Flashcards

COPD PP 1-20 Flashcards

1
Q

3 classifications of obstructive pulmonary disorders (3)

A

1) In wall of lumen
2) Increasing pressure around the outside of the airway lumen
3) Airway lumen

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2
Q

Airway obstruction that is reversible (not completely in some patients)

A

Asthma

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3
Q

Airway inflammation

Increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli

A

Asthma

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4
Q

Most common chronic disease of children

A

Asthma

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5
Q

Immunohistopathologic features of asthma include ______ and mast cell activation

A

edema

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6
Q

Inflammatory cell infiltration by _______, ______, and lymphocytes in asthma

A

neutrophils; eosinophils

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7
Q

Inflammation of the airway in asthma includes acute ________

A

bronchospasm

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8
Q

Mucosal edema, mucous plug formation in ______

A

asthma

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9
Q

In asthma there is ______ remodeling: thickening of basement membrane

A

airway wall

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10
Q

Wheezing manifestation of ______

A

asthma

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11
Q

Tightness of chest manifestation of ______

A

asthma

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12
Q

Dyspnea manifestation of______

A

asthma

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13
Q

Cough (dry or productive) manifestation of ______

A

asthma

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14
Q

Increased sputum production (thick, tenacious, scant, and viscid) in ______

A

asthma

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15
Q

Hyperinflated chest manifestation of _______

A

asthma

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16
Q

Decreased breath sounds manifestation of _____

A

asthma

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17
Q

Clinical manifestations of severe asthma attack include Use of accessory muscles of respiration
_______ retractions

A

intercostal

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18
Q

Clinical manifestations of severe asthma attack include distant breath sounds with ________ wheezing

A

inspiratory

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19
Q

Clinical manifestations of severe asthma attack include _____ and ______

A

orthopnea; agitation

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20
Q

Clinical manifestations of severe asthma attack include tachypnea, which is > ______bpm, and tachycardia >______bpm,

A

30; 120

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21
Q

Clinical manifestations of severe asthma attack include ______ paradoxus

A

pulsus

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22
Q

________ is NOT a good indication of airflow in severe asthma attack

A

wheezing

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23
Q

PEFR < ______L/min in severe asthma attack

A

80

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24
Q

You can diagnose asthma through radiographic finding, which includes ______ with flattening of the _____-

A

hyperinflation; diaphragm

25
Q

You can diagnose asthma through _______ examination

A

sputum

26
Q

Charcot-Leyden crystals
Eosinophils
Curschmann spirals are types of ______ examination in _____

A

sputum; asthma

27
Q

You can diagnose asthma through ______ function tests

A

pulmonary

28
Q

Forced expiratory volumes ______ while diagnosing asthma

A

decrease

29
Q

Determines index of airway function when diagnosing asthma

A

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

30
Q

Ratio of FEV1/FVC before and after administration of short-acting bronchodilator

A

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

31
Q

Obstruction indicated by FEV1/FVC

A

75%

32
Q

_____ testing used for young patients with extrinsic asthma

A

skin

33
Q

When diagnosing asthma, _______ is normal during mild attack

A

ABG (arterial blood gas)

34
Q

Respiratory ____ and hypoxemia as bronchospasm increases in intensity used to test for ______ when diagnosing ______

A

alkalosis; ABG; asthma

35
Q

_____elevation: sign that patient is getting worse when diagnosing asthma

A

PaCO2

36
Q

Elevated _____ and eosinophils helps identify CBC when diagnosing ____

A

WBC’S; asthma

37
Q

_______ provocation testing used to diagnose asthma; test with _______or methacholine

A

Bronchial; histamine

38
Q

1) Avoid triggers
2) Environmental control

3) Preventive therapy
Stop smoking, etc

4) Desensitization (allergen specific immunotherapy)

all types of treatment for ______

A

asthma

39
Q

O2 therapy, small-volume nebulizers, B2 agonists, types of medications for ______

A

asthma

40
Q

corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, mast cell inhibitors types of medications for _____

A

asthma

41
Q

Epinephrine, subcutaneous terbutaline, aminophylline are meds to treat _______

A

status asthmaticus (severe attack unresponsive to routine therapy)

42
Q

intravenous corticosteroids (mainstay of therapy); oxygen therapy with or without mechanical ventilation are meds to treat _____

A

status asthmaticus (severe attack unresponsive to routine therapy)

43
Q

Acute inflammation of the trachea and bronchi leads to acute ______

A

bronchitis

44
Q

Viral or nonviral
Heat
Smoke inhalation
causes of ______

A

acute bronchitis

45
Q

Inhalation of irritant chemicals
Allergic reactions
causes of _____

A

acute bronchitis

46
Q

Swelling of bronchial mucosa in children, associated with obstruction, respiratory distress, and wheezing
a sign of ______ bronchitis

A

asthmatic

47
Q

In _______airways become inflamed and narrowed from capillary dilation

A

acute bronchitis

48
Q

In _________ there is
Swelling from fluid exudation and
Infiltration with inflammatory cells

A

acute bronchitis

49
Q

Increased mucus production
Loss of ciliary function
Loss of portions of the ciliated epithelium
leads to __________

A

acute bronchitis

50
Q

Usually mild and self limiting
Cough (productive or nonproductive)
signs of ________

A

acute bronchitis

51
Q

Low-grade fever
Substernal chest discomfort
signs of _______

A

acute bronchitis

52
Q

Sore throat
Postnasal drip
Fatigue
signs of ______

A

acute bronchitis

53
Q

What is the primary cause of acute bronchitis?

A

recent onset of cough

54
Q

_________ used to distinguish acute bronchitis from pneumonia

A

Chest x-ray

55
Q

Usually no treatment needed for viral

A

acute bronchitis

56
Q

Antibiotic therapy (bacterial)
Codeine-containing medications (for cough)
used to treat ________

A

acute bronchitis

57
Q

Increase fluid intake
Avoid smoke
Use a vaporizer in bedroom
used to treat _________

A

acute bronchitis

58
Q

Cigarette smoking (90%)
Repeated airway infections
causes of _______

A

chronic bronchitis

59
Q

Genetic predisposition
Inhalation of physical or chemical irritants
causes of ______

A

chronic bronchitis

Patho Exam 3 (12 decks)

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