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Patho Exam 3 > Restrictive Lung Disease PP 1-29 > Flashcards

Restrictive Lung Disease PP 1-29 Flashcards

1
Q

Accumulation of air in the pleural space

A

Pneumothorax

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2
Q

Spontaneous

Occurs in tall, thin men 20 to 40 years

A

Primary pneumothorax

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3
Q

No underlying disease factors

Cigarette smoking increases risk

A

Primary pneumothorax

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4
Q

Result of complications from preexisting pulmonary disease

A

Secondary pneumothorax

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5
Q

Associated with menstruation

Associated with endometriosis

A

Catamenial pneumothorax

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6
Q

Primarily in right hemothorax

A

Catamenial pneumothorax

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7
Q

Traumatic origin

Results from penetrating or nonpenetrating injury

A

Tension pneumothorax

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8
Q

May also be from iatrogenic causes

Medical emergency

A

Tension pneumothorax

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9
Q

Due to
Rupture of small subpleural blebs in apices
Air enters pleural space, lung collapses, and rib cage springs out

A

Primary pneumothorax

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10
Q

Due to
Results of complications from an underlying lung problem
May be due to rupture of cyst or bleb

A

Secondary pneumothorax

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11
Q

*Results form buildup of air under pressure in pleural space
*Air enters pleural space during inspiration but cannot escape during expiration
this describes typical pathogenesis of ______

A

tension pneumothorax

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12
Q

*Lung on ipsilateral (same) side collapses and forces mediastinum toward contralateral (opposite) side
*Decreases venous return and cardiac output
this describes typical pathogenesis of ________

A

tension pneumothorax

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13
Q

We associate pneumothorax with an __________chest wall wound

A

open sucking

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14
Q

Air enters during inspiration but cannot escape during expiration leads to shift of mediastinum

A

open sucking chest wall wound in pneumothorax

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15
Q

Small pneumothoraces less than ___% a manifestation of pneumothorax

A

20

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16
Q

Tachycardia
Decreased or absent breath sounds on affected side
symptoms of _______

A

pneumothorax

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17
Q

Hyperresonance
Sudden chest pain on affected side
Dyspnea
symptoms of ________

A

pneumothorax

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18
Q

_____ and large ______ pneumothorax are emergency situations in Pneumothorax

A

tension; spontaneous

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19
Q

Severe tachycardia
Hypotension
Tracheal shift to contralateral (opposite) side
result from _________ and ________

A

Tension and large spontaneous pneumothorax

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20
Q

Neck vein distention
Hyperresonance
Subcutaneous emphysema
result from __________ and ________

A

Tension and large spontaneous pneumothorax

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21
Q

Decreased PaO2, acute respiratory alkalosis

diagnoses ________

A

pneumothorax

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22
Q

When diagnosing _______, you will see
Expiratory films show better demarcation of ____-line than inspiratory
Depression of hemidiaphragm on side of pneumothorax
on chest x ray

A

pneumothorax; pleural

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23
Q

Management depends on severity of problem and cause of air leak

A

pneumothorax

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24
Q

Patient may or may not be hospitalized
Treat symptomatically and monitor closely
when the lung collapses ________ during ________

A

Lung collapse <15% to 25%; pneumothorax

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25
Q

Chest tube placement with H2O seal and suction
Oxygen
when the lung collapses ________ during ______

A

Lung collapse >15% to 25%; pneumothorax

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26
Q

Promotes adhesion of visceral pleura to parietal pleura to prevent further ruptures

this is _________ used for treatment of ________

A

Chemical pleurodesis; spontaneous pneumothorax

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27
Q

Permits stapling or laser pleurodesis of ruptured blebs

this is _________ used for treatment of _______

A

Thoracotomy; pneumothorax

28
Q

Pathologic collection of fluid or pus in pleural cavity as result of another disease process

A

pleural effusion

29
Q

Normally, ____ml of serous fluid is contained in pleural space in pleural effusion

A

5-15

30
Q

Name the 5 types of pleural effusion

A

transudates, exudates, empyema, hemothorax, chylothorax/lymphatic

31
Q

Type of pleural effusion that is

Low in protein (ratio <0.5)
Associated with severe heart failure or other edematous states

A

transudates

32
Q

Type of pleural effusion that is

High in protein (>0.5 mg/dl)
Causes: malignancies, infections, pulmonary embolism, sarcoidosis, postmyocardial infarction syndrome, pancreatic disease

A

exudates

33
Q

Type of pleural effusion that is
due to infection in the pleural space
*High-protein exudative effusion

A

Empyema

34
Q

Type of pleural effusion that has

Presence of blood in pleural space
Result of chest trauma
Contains blood and pleural fluid: hemorrhagic

A

Hemothorax

35
Q

Type of pleural effusion that has an

Exudative process that develops from trauma

A

Chylothorax/lymphatic

36
Q

Causes include:

Changes in pleural capillary hydrostatic pressure, colloid oncotic pressure, or intrapleural pressure

A

pleural effusion

37
Q

Causes include:

Imbalance in pressure associated with fluid formation exceeding fluid removal

A

pleural effusion

38
Q

In pleural effusion, _________ occur due to _____ hydrostatic or _____ oncotic pressure

A

transudates; increased; decreased

39
Q

Increase production of fluid r/t in pleural effusion

A

exudates

40
Q

Vary depending on cause and size of effusion

A

pleural effusion

41
Q

Manifestations may be _______with <300 ml of fluid in pleural cavity in pleural effusion

A

asymptomatic

42
Q

Dyspnea
Decreased chest wall movement
symptoms of ______

A

pleural effusion

43
Q

Pleuritic pain (sharp, worsens with inspiration)
Dry cough
symptoms of _____

A

pleural effusion

44
Q

Absence of breath sounds

symptom of _______

A

pleural effusion

45
Q

Dullness to _____ (primary finding)
Decreased _____ over affected area (primary finding)

are primary findings of _______

A

percussion; tactile fremitus; pleural effusion

46
Q

Contralateral tracheal shift is a type of ________ effusion

A

massive

47
Q

Pleural-based densities, infiltrates
Signs of CHF
you look for when trying to diagnose _______ with a _____

A

pleural effusion; chest x ray

48
Q

Hilar adenopathy
Location of fluid
you look for when trying to diagnose ______ with a ____

A

pleural effusion; chest x ray

49
Q

Analyzes fluid and reduces amount of fluid in pleural effusion

A

Thoracentesis

50
Q

_________assist in complicated effusions
Distinguish mass from large effusion
in ______

A

CT or ultrasonographic tests; pleural effusion

51
Q

Tension and spontaneous pneumothorax are medical emergencies requiring treatment to remove pleural air and re-expand lung in ______

A

pleural effusion

52
Q

Closed chest tube drainage (adults) used to treat ______

A

pleural effusion

53
Q

Thoracentesis and ________ also used to treat ______

A

thoracotomy; pleural effusion

54
Q

Immunologic basis

Demyelination of peripheral nerves

A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (Acute

Polyneuritis)

55
Q

History of recent viral or bacterial illness (66% of cases) followed by ascending paralysis

A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (Acute

Polyneuritis)

56
Q

Weakness and paralysis begin symmetrically in lower extremities and ascend proximally to upper extremities and trunk

A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

57
Q

Usually have full recovery
Minor residual motor deficits (15% to 20%)
and in severe cases, respiratory muscle weakness accompanies limb and trunk symptoms

A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

58
Q

Weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles

A

Myasthenia Gravis

59
Q

HALLMARK FINDING of _________is when weakness worse with exercise and better with rest

A

Myasthenia Gravis

60
Q

Muscles innervated by cranial nerves and

Peripheral and respiratory muscles can be affected by ______

A

Myasthenia Gravis

61
Q

2-5 cases/year/million persons in U.S.

Females more than males (3:2)

A

Myasthenia Gravis

62
Q

Primary abnormality at neuromuscular junction

A

Myasthenia Gravis

63
Q

Symptoms often managed by appropriate therapy

Respiratory failure can be due to increasing severity of illness or overmedication

A

Myasthenia Gravis

64
Q

Results from multiple rib fractures r/t trauma to chest wall

Ribs fractured at two distant sites

A

Flail chest

65
Q

______fractures can cause flail segment
Common when chest hits_______
in flail chest

A

sternal; steering wheel

Patho Exam 3 (12 decks)

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