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Patho Exam 3 > Restrictive Lung Disease PP 1-29 > Flashcards

Restrictive Lung Disease PP 1-29 Flashcards

1
Q

Accumulation of air in the pleural space

A

Pneumothorax

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2
Q

Spontaneous

Occurs in tall, thin men 20 to 40 years

A

Primary pneumothorax

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3
Q

No underlying disease factors

Cigarette smoking increases risk

A

Primary pneumothorax

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4
Q

Result of complications from preexisting pulmonary disease

A

Secondary pneumothorax

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5
Q

Associated with menstruation

Associated with endometriosis

A

Catamenial pneumothorax

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6
Q

Primarily in right hemothorax

A

Catamenial pneumothorax

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7
Q

Traumatic origin

Results from penetrating or nonpenetrating injury

A

Tension pneumothorax

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8
Q

May also be from iatrogenic causes

Medical emergency

A

Tension pneumothorax

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9
Q

Due to
Rupture of small subpleural blebs in apices
Air enters pleural space, lung collapses, and rib cage springs out

A

Primary pneumothorax

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10
Q

Due to
Results of complications from an underlying lung problem
May be due to rupture of cyst or bleb

A

Secondary pneumothorax

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11
Q

*Results form buildup of air under pressure in pleural space
*Air enters pleural space during inspiration but cannot escape during expiration
this describes typical pathogenesis of ______

A

tension pneumothorax

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12
Q

*Lung on ipsilateral (same) side collapses and forces mediastinum toward contralateral (opposite) side
*Decreases venous return and cardiac output
this describes typical pathogenesis of ________

A

tension pneumothorax

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13
Q

We associate pneumothorax with an __________chest wall wound

A

open sucking

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14
Q

Air enters during inspiration but cannot escape during expiration leads to shift of mediastinum

A

open sucking chest wall wound in pneumothorax

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15
Q

Small pneumothoraces less than ___% a manifestation of pneumothorax

A

20

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16
Q

Tachycardia
Decreased or absent breath sounds on affected side
symptoms of _______

A

pneumothorax

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17
Q

Hyperresonance
Sudden chest pain on affected side
Dyspnea
symptoms of ________

A

pneumothorax

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18
Q

_____ and large ______ pneumothorax are emergency situations in Pneumothorax

A

tension; spontaneous

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19
Q

Severe tachycardia
Hypotension
Tracheal shift to contralateral (opposite) side
result from _________ and ________

A

Tension and large spontaneous pneumothorax

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20
Q

Neck vein distention
Hyperresonance
Subcutaneous emphysema
result from __________ and ________

A

Tension and large spontaneous pneumothorax

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21
Q

Decreased PaO2, acute respiratory alkalosis

diagnoses ________

A

pneumothorax

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22
Q

When diagnosing _______, you will see
Expiratory films show better demarcation of ____-line than inspiratory
Depression of hemidiaphragm on side of pneumothorax
on chest x ray

A

pneumothorax; pleural

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23
Q

Management depends on severity of problem and cause of air leak

A

pneumothorax

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24
Q

Patient may or may not be hospitalized
Treat symptomatically and monitor closely
when the lung collapses ________ during ________

A

Lung collapse <15% to 25%; pneumothorax

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25
Chest tube placement with H2O seal and suction Oxygen when the lung collapses ________ during ______
Lung collapse >15% to 25%; pneumothorax
26
Promotes adhesion of visceral pleura to parietal pleura to prevent further ruptures this is _________ used for treatment of ________
Chemical pleurodesis; spontaneous pneumothorax
27
Permits stapling or laser pleurodesis of ruptured blebs | this is _________ used for treatment of _______
Thoracotomy; pneumothorax
28
Pathologic collection of fluid or pus in pleural cavity as result of another disease process
pleural effusion
29
Normally, ____ml of serous fluid is contained in pleural space in pleural effusion
5-15
30
Name the 5 types of pleural effusion
transudates, exudates, empyema, hemothorax, chylothorax/lymphatic
31
Type of pleural effusion that is Low in protein (ratio <0.5) Associated with severe heart failure or other edematous states
transudates
32
Type of pleural effusion that is High in protein (>0.5 mg/dl) Causes: malignancies, infections, pulmonary embolism, sarcoidosis, postmyocardial infarction syndrome, pancreatic disease
exudates
33
Type of pleural effusion that is due to infection in the pleural space *High-protein exudative effusion
Empyema
34
Type of pleural effusion that has Presence of blood in pleural space Result of chest trauma Contains blood and pleural fluid: hemorrhagic
Hemothorax
35
Type of pleural effusion that has an Exudative process that develops from trauma
Chylothorax/lymphatic
36
Causes include: Changes in pleural capillary hydrostatic pressure, colloid oncotic pressure, or intrapleural pressure
pleural effusion
37
Causes include: Imbalance in pressure associated with fluid formation exceeding fluid removal
pleural effusion
38
In pleural effusion, _________ occur due to _____ hydrostatic or _____ oncotic pressure
transudates; increased; decreased
39
Increase production of fluid r/t in pleural effusion
exudates
40
Vary depending on cause and size of effusion
pleural effusion
41
Manifestations may be _______with <300 ml of fluid in pleural cavity in pleural effusion
asymptomatic
42
Dyspnea Decreased chest wall movement symptoms of ______
pleural effusion
43
Pleuritic pain (sharp, worsens with inspiration) Dry cough symptoms of _____
pleural effusion
44
Absence of breath sounds | symptom of _______
pleural effusion
45
Dullness to _____ (primary finding) Decreased _____ over affected area (primary finding) are primary findings of _______
percussion; tactile fremitus; pleural effusion
46
Contralateral tracheal shift is a type of ________ effusion
massive
47
Pleural-based densities, infiltrates Signs of CHF you look for when trying to diagnose _______ with a _____
pleural effusion; chest x ray
48
Hilar adenopathy Location of fluid you look for when trying to diagnose ______ with a ____
pleural effusion; chest x ray
49
Analyzes fluid and reduces amount of fluid in pleural effusion
Thoracentesis
50
_________assist in complicated effusions Distinguish mass from large effusion in ______
CT or ultrasonographic tests; pleural effusion
51
Tension and spontaneous pneumothorax are medical emergencies requiring treatment to remove pleural air and re-expand lung in ______
pleural effusion
52
Closed chest tube drainage (adults) used to treat ______
pleural effusion
53
Thoracentesis and ________ also used to treat ______
thoracotomy; pleural effusion
54
Immunologic basis | Demyelination of peripheral nerves
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (Acute | Polyneuritis)
55
History of recent viral or bacterial illness (66% of cases) followed by ascending paralysis
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (Acute | Polyneuritis)
56
Weakness and paralysis begin symmetrically in lower extremities and ascend proximally to upper extremities and trunk
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
57
Usually have full recovery Minor residual motor deficits (15% to 20%) and in severe cases, respiratory muscle weakness accompanies limb and trunk symptoms
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
58
Weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles
Myasthenia Gravis
59
HALLMARK FINDING of _________is when weakness worse with exercise and better with rest
Myasthenia Gravis
60
Muscles innervated by cranial nerves and | Peripheral and respiratory muscles can be affected by ______
Myasthenia Gravis
61
2-5 cases/year/million persons in U.S. | Females more than males (3:2)
Myasthenia Gravis
62
Primary abnormality at neuromuscular junction
Myasthenia Gravis
63
Symptoms often managed by appropriate therapy | Respiratory failure can be due to increasing severity of illness or overmedication
Myasthenia Gravis
64
Results from multiple rib fractures r/t trauma to chest wall | Ribs fractured at two distant sites
Flail chest
65
______fractures can cause flail segment Common when chest hits_______ in flail chest
sternal; steering wheel

Patho Exam 3 (12 decks)

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