Restorative Art Surface Anatomy Orientation and Introduction Flashcards
Restorative art is the care of the deceased in order to recreate
Natural form and color
Form is the _________ shape of a surface structure
External
The 3 dimensions involved with form are
Length
Width
Projection
Color is those rays of light _______ by the surface
Reflected
These are incentives for achieving proficiency in restorative art
A comforting psychological effect on the family and friends when viewing the deceased in a natural unmarked condition
For public relations the condition of the deceased, when viewed can add to the reputation of a mortuary
The roots of restorative art stem from the embalming techniques of the
Ancient Egyptians
In the United States, the introduction of this was a major factor in the need for and development of Restorative Art
Embalming
This person developed a technique of embalming whereby those killed in the civil war were able to be embalmed and sent home for burial
Dr. Thomas Holmes
The official beginning of restorative art in the US came in
1912
In 1912, restorative art was known as
Demi-Surgery or Derma Surgery
The founder or father of restorative art in the United States
Joel E Crandall
Restorative art is used in many cases to create a suitable ___________
Memory Picture of the Deceased
Plastic Surgery
Relied on the healing process
Could not hide the line of incision
Tissue would dehydrate
Plaster of Paris
Would not color properly
Difficult to mold
Plaster dries and pulls moisture from surrounding tissues
Sculptor’s Clay
Too dark and oily
Difficult to hide with coloring material
Cotton
Cotton dried out and shrank
Yellow soap
Melt and applied
Difficult to mold
Changes in restorative art since the late 1920’s
Schools have formed, having to pass accreditation every 7 years by the ABFSE
Licensure is required
Colleges and universities have developed basic course content
National board exam
Modern Restorative Art
Limited only to the exposed areas of the deceased, namely the face and hands, because those are the areas people will see
Egyptian Restorative Art
Extended their practice to the entire remains because of the circle of necessity, which is the belief that the soul will return to the body after 3000 years
The average case requires
Corrective posing of the features
Cosmetic Application
Other cases where visible parts may be distorted or destroyed as a result of
Injury/trauma
Disease
Post-Mortem tissue changes
Minor restorations
Require minimum effort, skill or time to complete May include: Correcting a misaligned fracture Reduction of a swelling Suturing clean cuts Subtissue Surgery (mouth or eyes)
Major Restorations
Require a long period of time, are extensive, and require technical skill May include: Problems with buck teeth Deep wound preparation Care of deep lacerations Skin slip
Permission to undertake a major restoration
Should be secured from someone in authority (PRD)
Written permission
Secure permission for both embalming and restorative art
Secure permission for both excisions and incisions necessary to a major restoration can be legally described as mutilations
Restorations for which permission is not sought
Those incurred in the preparation of the deceased
Swelling
Leaking
Tissue Discoloration
Distinguishing characteristics not to be altered or concealed
Moles, warts, scars, birthmarks
Eye glasses
False teeth
Mustache, facial hair
Pre-embalming treatments
Corrective posing of the features Sutures to hold muscles or flaps of skin in position Resetting a dislocated fracture Puncture of blisters Correction of minor buck teeth problems
Embalming Treatments
Internal tissue building or coloring
Limiting a swelling
Maintaining feature corrections
Post Embalming treatments
Removal of scabs
Excision of diseased or mutilated tissues
Suturing of incisions, lacerations, excisions
Reduction of swellings
Hypodermic tissue building
Physiognomy
The study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features
Asymmetry
Lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion
Norm
The most common characteristics of each feature
Typical, common, average
Anatomical position
The position with the body standing erect, with the palms of the hands turned outward
Anterior
Front or forward part
Posterior
Behind or toward the rear
Superior
Above or higher
Toward the vertex of the skull
Inferior
Below or lower
Toward the feet
Medial
Refers to a position closer to the median plane, or midline
Lateral
Farther away from the median plane
Frontal
The anterior view of the face or features
Profile
The human head or feature represented in a side view, the outline silhouette
Bilateral
Relating to or having two sides
Vertical Planes
Saggital
Mid-Saggital
Frontal/Coronal
Saggital
Divides the body into right and left portions
Mid-Saggital
At the midline dividing the body into right and left halves
Frontal/Coronal
Dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
Horizontal Planes
Transverse
Divides the body into upper and lower portions
Oblique Planes
Slanting or inclined
Surface plane
Is a surface exhibiting a minimum curvature but differing in direction from the adjacent surfaces
Recession
The act of receding to a more distant point
Depression
A sunken area or part
Projection
A part that juts out
Prominence
Conspicuous in position or importance
A protrusion
Concave
Having a depressed or hollow surface
Convex
Having a rounded or somewhat elevated surface
Inclination or oblique
Deviation from the vertical or horizontal
Slope
Crest of a curvature
Top of a curve where the direction changes
Perpendicular
At right angles to a given plane or line
Adjacent
Adjoining or next to
Acute
Less than 90 degrees
Obtuse
Greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees
White
Caucasoid
European
Long and narrow facial features
Black
Negroid
African
Narrow facial features that asiatic but not as narrow as european
Yellow
Mongoloid Asiatic Shorter and much wider facial features Thick layer of fat on the cheeks Face has round, flat appearance
Hispanic
Share a racial heritage between that of the european and the asiatic geographical races
