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3rd QUARTER > Restorative Art ALL CARDS > Flashcards

Restorative Art ALL CARDS Flashcards

1
Q

requires a long period of time, is extensive, or requires technical skill

A

major restoration

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2
Q

types of major restorations

A

full head of hairdeep wound preparation and care of deep lacerationsrepair or reconstruction of multiple fracturesbuck-teeth (dental prognathism)3rd degree burns

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3
Q

the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

A

restorative art

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4
Q

time-table of RA treatment layout

A

Pre-embalmingConcurrent EmbalmingPost Embalming

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5
Q

These are examples of what type of treatment?Setting featuresSuturing clean cuts, skin flaps, positioning skin, muscle, features, etc.Resetting fracturesPuncture blistersSupport surface tissuesMinor buck teeth issues

A

Pre-Embalming Treatments

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6
Q

Buck teeth are also called…

A

dental prognathism

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7
Q

These are examples of what type of treatment?Internal (active) dyeMaintaining feature corrections/alignmentLimiting swelling

A

Concurrent Embalming Treatments

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8
Q

These are examples of what type of treatment?Remove scabsExcise diseased or mutilated tissuesSuture incisions, lacerationsReduce swellings (it has already occurred) Reduce tissue swelling (using gravity, compress- ace bandage, channeling-small incisions, electric spatula, )Be sure to use large amounts of massage cream to protect the skinDeep wound preparation and waxingFeature modelingBleachingMasking discolorationsExternal coloring and cosmetics (not always to cover something)Correct buck-teethAttach dismembered partsHair replacement

A

Post Embalming Treatments

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9
Q

lack of symmetry or proportiondifferences in paired features

A

asymmetry

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10
Q

it is natural to be ________

A

asymetrical

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11
Q

correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face.

A

symmetry

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12
Q

anterior view of the face or features

A

front aspect

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13
Q

side view of the human head

A

profile view

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14
Q

in reference to a photograph; a view that reveals the fullness of the cheeks

A

three-quarter view

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15
Q

What should the restorative artist not conceal?

A

ScarsMolesBirthmarksWarts

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16
Q

external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elementsrefers to the shape of a surface structure, which is recognized by its outline and surface movement.

A

Form

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17
Q

the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance.

A

embalming

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18
Q

dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object.

A

Bilateral differences

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19
Q

the bilateral view; an inferior or superior viewpoint which permits the comparison of the two sides or halves of an object or facial feature.

A

Bilateral silhouette

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20
Q

a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity and vibration of light

A

color

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21
Q

hollow space or area

A

cavity

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22
Q

two sides

A

bilateral

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23
Q

The body is erect, facing the observer, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from body.

A

anatomical position

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24
Q

a prominence or projection of a bone

A

eminence

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25
Q

a state or degree of being deep

A

depth

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26
Q

near to the mid-line; opposite of lateral direction

A

medial

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27
Q

a position or direction away from mid-line; to the side

A

lateral

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28
Q

more elevated in place or position; higher; upper; anatomically towards the head

A

superior

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29
Q

beneath; lower in plane or position; the under surface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure; toward the feet

A

inferior

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30
Q

the act of throwing forward; a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings

A

projection

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31
Q

a type of surface formed by the withdrawal of a part from its normal position

A

recession

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32
Q

exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface; a concavity

A

concave

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33
Q

boundaries or edges

A

margins

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34
Q

slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular

A

oblique

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35
Q

curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere

A

convex

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36
Q

the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features

A

physiognomy

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37
Q

the injection of special creams or liquids into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour

A

hypodermic tissue building

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38
Q

a substance used to elevate sunken (emaciated) tissues to normal level

A

tissue builder

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39
Q

the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear

A

mastoid process

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40
Q

a hollow or concave region

A

depression

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41
Q

the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting

A

protrusion

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42
Q

the geometric shape of the human skull

A

oval

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43
Q

an electrically heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form

A

electric spatula

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44
Q

the topmost part of the head

A

crown

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45
Q

Crown is also known as…

A

vertex

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46
Q

weight applied to a surface

A

external pressure

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47
Q

lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain

A

occipital bone

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48
Q

the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone.

A

occipital protuberance

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49
Q

two bones that form the roof and part of the sides of the skull

A

parietal bones

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50
Q

the rounded peak of the external convexity of the parietal bones; determines the widest part of the cranium

A

parietal eminence

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51
Q

inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone

A

temporal bones

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52
Q

the concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone

A

temporal cavity

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53
Q

the vertical surface of the temporal bone

A

squama

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54
Q

How is the widest part of the cranium measured?

A

From one parietal eminence to another

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55
Q

a natural body opening or canal

A

meatus

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56
Q

the most common characteristics of each feature; typical, common, average

A

Norm

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57
Q

meaning…after death

A

postmortem

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58
Q

Anatomical structures for locating the modeled ear? What are they? Where are they located?

A

external auditory meatuszygomatic archmandibular fossamastoid process

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59
Q

a single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose

A

glabella

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60
Q

the anterior third of the cranium, forming the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull

A

frontal bone

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61
Q

paired, rounded, un-margined prominences of the frontal bone found approximately one inch beneath the normal hairline

A

frontal eminences

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62
Q

the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows.

A

superciliary arches

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63
Q

the superior rim of the eye sockets

A

supraorbital margins

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64
Q
  • to observe the relative locations and arrangements of internal parts, it is necessary to cut or section the body along various planes.
A

Body Planes

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65
Q

a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions. If the division is into two equal halves, it is called median or mid-sagittal

A

Median (sagittal) plane

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66
Q

divides the body into superior and inferior sections

A

Horizontal (transverse) plane

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67
Q

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

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68
Q

inferior to the mandibular fossaear passage…most noticeable

A

external auditor meatus

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69
Q

anterior to the external auditory meatus

A

mandibular fossa

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70
Q

posterior to the lobe of the earmost inferior portion of the temporal bone

A

mastoid process

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71
Q

fatty 1/3 portion of the ear

A

ear lobe

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72
Q

where does the sternoclediomastoid muscle attach?

A

Mastoid process

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73
Q

causes bruising and swelling to the eyes

A

squama

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74
Q

Separation of the head from the bo

A

decapitation

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75
Q

the trunk of a body

A

torso

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76
Q

when decapitated it the head should be embalmed…

A

separately from the trunk

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77
Q

the decapitated head can be injected using the….

A

common carotid arteries if in tact

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78
Q

if the common carotid arteries are destroyed in a decapitation how should injection be made?

A

External & Internal Carotid Arteries or…External Maxillary arteries

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79
Q

other methods of decapitated head preservation…

A

hypodermic injectionsurface compresses

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80
Q

the torso from decapitation can be injected using the ….

A

common carotid or axillary arteries

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81
Q

Use _____ plastic or wood splints (dowels) or _________ rods that are approximately ___ -____ inches long that are _______________ to reattach the head

A

3metal812sharpened

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82
Q

One rod is inserted into the ___________

A

spinal canal of the vertebrae

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83
Q

The additional 2 rods are inserted into the muscles on both sides of the __________ and __________

A

esophagustrachea

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84
Q

suture the muscles and tissue around the _____________________________ of the neck

A

entire circumference

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85
Q

use ______________ or _______________to fill in for missing tissue of neck

A

mortuary mastic or cotton & sealer

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86
Q

posterior process of the ramus of the mandible…articulates the anterior to the external auditory meatus

A

mandibular fossa

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87
Q

the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

A

restorative art

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88
Q

refers to the shape of a surface structure which is recognized by its outline and surface movement

A

form

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89
Q

the basic form of the nose is shaped how?

A

pyramid shape

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90
Q

the basic form of an ear is shaped how?

A

wedged

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91
Q

Form involves the following dimensions…

A

Lengthwidthprojection

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92
Q

refers to those rays of light reflected from the surface

A

color

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93
Q

highlights and shadows affect

A

appearance of color

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94
Q

one thing to do to look at highlights and shadows is to look at it in….

A

black and white

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95
Q

unless at least _________ of the facial structures remain intact, no restoration is ordinarily attempted, because it may resemble a __________. This is called the ________ rule. (mayer)

A

two-thirdswax replica2/3

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96
Q

the ________ may be violated in some cases.

A

2/3 rule

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97
Q

not all restorative art involves________

A

wax

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98
Q

types of restorative art without wax

A
  1. external cosmetics2. internally (restorative chemicals w/ ACTIVE dyes)
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99
Q

______________is good to be included with permission to embalm

A

permission to restore

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100
Q

when preparing a wound using wax it must _________

A

be firm & dry

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101
Q

wounds must be ________ because you will be placing a substance and the surrounding structure should not ______

A

firmmove

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102
Q

wounds should be ______because one component of wax is ________

A

drypetroleum (oil)

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103
Q

dismembered parts should ALWAYS be attached _________________.

A

after embalming

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104
Q

study of the structures and surface markings of the face and featuresa topography of the face

A

physiognomy

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105
Q

lack of symmetry or proportiondifferences in paired features

A

asymmetry

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106
Q

it is natural to be ________

A

asymetrical

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107
Q

the most common characteristic of each part of a feature (or face)

A

norm

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108
Q

one eye width is the same as_______

A

width of the nose

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109
Q

anthropological classification (pg. 12)

A

EuropeanAsiaticAfrican

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110
Q

See pages 589-605 MUST READ Embalming: history, theory, & practice

A

read it!

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111
Q

first people to practice any type of RA

A

egyptians

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112
Q

practice of reading facesPlato & Aristotle all wrote about the subject of facial meanings

A

Chinese & mediterranean

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113
Q

practice of reading faces originated in______

A

China

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114
Q

This era took low priority; little effort to restore

A

middle ages to early 19th century

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115
Q

restoration began at the end of ___________

A

the Civil War (civil war era)

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116
Q

done on their own initiativeno textbooksno instruction, cosmetics or instrumentstrial & error

A

Those that are considered pioneers in RA

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117
Q

early attempts and problems with RA

A

Plastic surgery (skin transplant)Plaster of paris Clay & puttySoapWaxes

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118
Q

problems with skin transplant

A

skin dehydrated discoloration

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119
Q

problems with plaster of paris

A

draws moisture from surrounding tissues

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120
Q

problems with clay & putty

A

too dark & oilydifficult to hide w/cosmetics

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121
Q

finally manufactures produced a practical substance to perform RA.influence of mortuary science schools in 1920’s

A

Waxes

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122
Q

body erect with arms at the sides and palms forward

A

anatomical position

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123
Q

front (before)

A

anterior

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124
Q

toward back

A

posterior

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125
Q

top

A

superior

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126
Q

beneath (lower)

A

inferior

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127
Q

toward midline

A

medial line

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128
Q

toward sides (away from median line)

A

lateral

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129
Q

body planes are located on page

A

14

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130
Q

horizontal plane also called

A

transverse plane

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131
Q

frontal plane also called

A

coronal plane

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132
Q

median (medial) plane also calleddivides into right and left

A

sagittal plane

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133
Q

state of being deep

A

depth

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134
Q

know terminology of…..

A

deepsuperficialmiddle of the body

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135
Q

hollow or shallow area

A

depression

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136
Q

area that sticks outState or condition of being thrust forward or projecting

A

protrusion

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137
Q

hollow depressed area

A

concave

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138
Q

outer segment of a circle

A

convex

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139
Q

line which is neither horizontal or verticalSlope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique

A

inclination

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140
Q

relating to, or having two sides

A

bilateral

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141
Q

dissimilarities noted when looking at two sides

A

bilateral differences

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142
Q

bilateral view of a person’s silhouette

A

bilateral silhouette

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143
Q

a view of a person from the front

A

frontal aspect

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144
Q

a view of a person from the side

A

profile

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145
Q

a view of a person that is slightly turned

A

3 quarter view

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146
Q

additional terminology needed

A

frontal (anterior view)margins (boundaries or edges)oblique (slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular)pyramidrecession (recessed; withdraw from normal position)sunken (commonly the eyes)vertex (crown or topmost part)

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147
Q

requires a long period of time, is extensive, or requires technical skill

A

major restoration

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148
Q

types of major restorations

A

full head of hairdeep wound preparation and care of deep lacerationsrepair or reconstruction of multiple fracturesbuck-teeth (dental prognathism)3rd degree burns

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149
Q

The funeral home can charge the family for RA if_____________

A

it is on the general price list/contract

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150
Q

Charging the family for RA is ____________.

A

up to the funeral home…not required

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151
Q

When discussing RA with a family be aware of___________

A

promises/time lines

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152
Q

Always make sure that the family has __________

A

clarity

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153
Q

requires a minimum of effort, skill or time to complete

A

minor restoration

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154
Q

types of minor restorations

A

tissue building (filler)waxing (lips, razor burn, sutures, etc.)bleaching/concealing discolorationsremoval of fever blistersminor hair replacement (parts of eyebrow, eyelash, etc.)reducing swelling (non-surgical)

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155
Q

distinguishing characteristics not to be altered or concealed normally….

A

moleswartsscarsbirthmarks

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156
Q

note….

A

READ AND STUDY TERMS IN CHAPTERS 1 & 2

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157
Q

Bones of the head are divided into….

A

bones of the craniumbones of the face

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158
Q

geometric form of the “normal skull”

A

oval

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159
Q

the geometric from of the skull is determined from what views?

A

frontal &above

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160
Q

form varies from______________

A

person to person

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161
Q

why does form vary?

A

because of differences in width & length

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162
Q

note….

A

see page 12 for skull comparison of male, female, and infant

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163
Q

it is important to note the differences in

A

bone thicknesssize of bonesprominence of eminence

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164
Q

note…

A

look up info on ……prominence of eminence

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165
Q

note…

A

look into….infant skull development

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166
Q

effects of tooth loss and

A

aging

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167
Q

bones of the external cranium

A

frontal (1)occipital (1)parietal (2)temporal (2)

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168
Q

which bones are paired bones of the cranium

A

parietaltemporal

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169
Q

anterior third of the cranium

A

frontal bone

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170
Q

surfaces of the frontal bone

A
  1. vertical surface (forehead)2. horizontal surface (crown)
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171
Q

eminences of the frontal bone

A
  1. frontal eminence (2)2. supraorbital margin (2)3. superciliary arch (2) “eyebrow”4. glabella
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172
Q

note…

A

look up eminence and projection in glossary

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173
Q

Rounded prominences on either side of the median line of the frontal bone. May be indistinct at times (unrecognizable) or continuous.

A

frontal eminence

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174
Q

superior rim of the eye sockets (2)

A

supraorbital margin

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175
Q

the supraorbital margin lies _________ regarding the superciliary arch.

A

inferior

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176
Q

on some individuals the supraorbital margin will be _________

A

prominent ex: Tommy Lee Jones

177
Q

lies in the inferior part of the forehead just superior the medial ends of the eyebrows (the thicker part of an arched eyebrow)

A

superciliary arch

178
Q

superciliary arch is normally more prominent in people with ___________

A

receding foreheads

179
Q

Located between the superciliary arch. Located in the inferior part of the frontal bone. Considered to be at the root of the nose. (where a uni-brow grows)

A

glabella

180
Q

when the glabella is very prominent it will make the root of the nose look very _______________

A

deep

181
Q

the lowest part of the back and the base of the cranium. Forms a cradle for the brain.

A

occipital bone

182
Q

distinctive features of the occipital bone

A

occipital protuberanceforamen magnum

183
Q

located at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone

A

occipital protuberance

184
Q

opening in the occipital bone, the spinal cord passes thru it

A

foramen magnum

185
Q

note….

A

pages 128-129 discusses decapitation

186
Q

superior portion of the sides and the posterior 2/3 of the cranium

A

parietal bones

187
Q

parietal eminences

A

convexity of the parietal bone

188
Q

a measurement of one parietal eminence to another gives you the ______________________.

A

widest part of the cranium

189
Q

where are the parietal eminences located?

A

above posterior border of the ears.

190
Q

inferior portion of the sides and the base of the cranium

A

temporal bone

191
Q

concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone.

A

temporal cavity

192
Q

vertical portion of the temporal bone and is fairly thin (almost translucent) Scale like

A

squama

193
Q

characteristics of the squama

A

thinalmost translucentscale like

194
Q

there are _______ anatomical structures of the temporal bone. Used for locating the modeled ear.

A

4

195
Q

What are the anatomical structures of the temporal bones used to locate the modeled ear?

A
  1. external auditory meatus2. zygomatic arch3. mandibular fossa4. mastoid process
196
Q

ear passagesee glossary

A

external auditory meatus

197
Q

extension of the zygomatic bonedivides the length of the ear in halfsee glossary

A

zygomatic arch

198
Q

measurement of one zygomatic arch to the other gives you the…..

A

widest part of the face

199
Q

where the condyle of the mandible articulatesis anterior to the external auditor meatus

A

mandibular fossa

200
Q

rounded portion most inferior portion of the temporal boneis posterior to the lobe of the ear (fatty inferior one third portion of the ear)sternoclydomastoid muscle attaches here

A

mastoid process

201
Q

Character lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords of the neck, and dimples of the face

A

facial markings

202
Q

facial markings in its purest form are caused by…

A

muscles

203
Q

factors responsible for facial markings

A
  1. Age & Heredity2. Environment3. Muscle striation & action4. Position of the body5. Condition of the body
204
Q

rapid weight gain

A

corpulence

205
Q

a hollow or shallow concave area in a surface

A

depression

206
Q

(wrinkle) a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations

A

furrow

207
Q

an elongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface

A

groove

208
Q

elongated prominence adjoining a surface

A

fold

209
Q

a prominence or projections of a bone

A

eminence

210
Q

shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin in a rounded or vertical form

A

dimple

211
Q

a furrow, wrinkle, or groove

A

sulcus

212
Q

classification of facial markings

A

naturalacquired

213
Q

those markings present at birth

A

natural facial markings

214
Q

those markings developed throughout a lifetime

A

acquired facial markings

215
Q

neither natural nor acquired facial markings which occur on both sides of the face are truly symmetrical

A

asymmetry of facial markings

216
Q

the termination of all facial markings is

A

indefinite

217
Q

physiognomy of natural facial markings

A
  1. philtrum2. nasolabial fold3. nasal sulcus4. oblique palpebral sulcus5. angulus oris eminence6. angulus oris sulcus7. labial mental sulcus8. submental suclus9. dimbles
218
Q

vertical groove on superior liplocated medially on the superior lipextends from the columna nasi & the margin of the red lip (superior etigment)forms an irregular parenthetical curve

A

philtrum

219
Q

the greatest depth of the philtrum corresponds to…

A

its widest part

220
Q

the philtrum can become __________ in very ______________________

A

obscuredold age

221
Q

glossary

A

nasolabial fold

222
Q

linear outline of the nasolabial fold

A
  1. curved2. straight3. sinuous (backward S)
223
Q

furrow is the same as…

A

wrinkle

224
Q

physiognomy of acquired facial markings

A
  1. nasolabial sulcus2. transverse frontal sulci3. interciliary sulci4. optic facial sulci5. superior palpebral sulcus6. inferior palpebral sulcus7. bucco-facial sulcus8. mandible sulcus9. labial sulci10. platysmal sulci11. cords of the neck
225
Q

factors responsible for facial markings concerning conditions of the body…

A
  1. Rapid weight loss2. Pathological condition3. Corpulence4. Trauma
226
Q

called an angular areaalong the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold.

A

nasal sulcus

227
Q

at an angle…shallow curving groove below the medial corner of the eyelids.

A

oblique palpebral sulcus

228
Q

revisit definition for…this is essential to facial expressionhard to see because it doesn’t have definite borders

A

angulus oris eminence

229
Q

the elevation is formed by the combined insertions of the…

A
  1. zygomatic muscles2. buccinator muscle3. triangularis muscle
230
Q

this accompanies the angulus oris eminence…

A

angulus oris sulcus

231
Q

make sure you know the difference of

A

angulus oris eminence vs. angulus oris sulcus

232
Q

in youth the angulus oris sulcus tends to be…

A

triangular

233
Q

the junction of the lower integementary lip and the superior border of the chinmay appear as a furrow…even in a child

A

labiomental sulcus

234
Q

the highest point of the labiomental sulcus is…

A

along the midline

235
Q

the submental furrow is also called the…

A

submental sulcus

236
Q

immediately inferior to the mandible

A

submental furrow

237
Q

junction of the base of the chin and the sub-mandibular area. may appear as a furrow and helps to create the double chin.

A

submental furrow

238
Q

submental furrow is most noticeable from the…

A

profile view

239
Q

almost always on a transverse plane with a line of closer of the mouth

A

dimples

240
Q

elongated dimple on chin (cleft dimple) is always on the…

A

median line

241
Q

chin dimples are typically more permanent than…

A

cheek dimples

242
Q

furrow that is adjacent or medial to the nasolabial fold

A

nasolabial sulcus

243
Q

caused by the continual contraction of the multiheaded quadratus labi superiorus muscle

A

nasolabial sulcus

244
Q

horizontal furrows across the forehead

A

transverse frontal sulci

245
Q

transverse frontal sulci vary in…

A

depthcurvatureinclination

246
Q

transverse frontal sulci can be either…

A

continuous orinterrupted

247
Q

the depth _____________ in transverse frontal sulci towards its end

A

diminishes

248
Q

most common form of dip intransverse frontal sulci is at the…

A

central plane

249
Q

transverse frontal sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the _________________

A

occipitofrontalis muscle

250
Q

the two classifications of interciliary sulci

A
  1. vertical2. transverse
251
Q

vertical or slightly oblique furrows that extend upward from the roof of the nose up into (or thru) the eyebrows

A

vertical interciliary sulci

252
Q

the vertical interciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the

A

corrugator muscle

253
Q

vertical interciliary sulci is also known as…

A

frowning furrows

254
Q

transverse inteciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the

A

procerus muscle

255
Q

furrows that run side to side between eyebrows

A

transverse interciliary sulci

256
Q

furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye

A

optic facial sulci

257
Q

optic facial sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the…

A

orbicularis oculi muscle

258
Q

usually the ________ are the _____ acquired facial markings to appear

A

optic facial sulcifirst

259
Q

Furrow on the superior border of the upper eyelid.Apparent when there is an absence of fatty tissue in that region and when the tissues are firm

A

superior palpebral sulcus

260
Q

Furrow of the lower attached border of the inferior palpebral…the inferior eyelid

A

inferior palpebral sulcus

261
Q

bags under the eyes…fullness found between the inferior palpebral sulcus & the oblique palpebral sulcus

A

infraorbital pouch

262
Q

infraorbital pouch is also called

A

orbital pouch

263
Q

vertical furrow of the cheek area

A

bucco-facial sulcus

264
Q

see fig. 72 for examples of

A

bucco-facial sulcus

265
Q

bucco-facial sulcus can sometimes join into the…

A

madibular sulcus

266
Q

furrow beneath the jawline that meets?????

A

mandibular sulcus

267
Q

multiple forms of mandibular sulci

A

serrated jawline

268
Q

transverse dipping furrows of the neck…run across the front and sides of the neck

A

platysmal sulci

269
Q

the vertical prominence of the neck is considered the

A

cords of the neck

270
Q

cords of the neck are more prominent on…

A

thinner individuals

271
Q

furrows of agevertical furrows that extend from the upper and lower red lip area (mucus membrane) into the integementary area…generally occur first in the upper lip.

A

labial sulci

272
Q

labial sulci is also known as..

A

the furrows of age

273
Q

external facial bones

A
  1. nasal bones (2)2. zygomatic bones (2)3. maxilla (2) 4. mandible
274
Q

Forms a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.Located directly inferior to the glabella

A

nasal bones

275
Q

see glossary for definition

A

angle of inclination

276
Q

orifice bonded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla

A

nasal cavity

277
Q

diamond shaped bone of the cheek

A

zygomatic bone

278
Q

might see zygomatic bone or zygomatic arch as being measured to get the….

A

widest part of the face

279
Q

just underneath the zygomatic arch you will find the…

A

zygomatic depression

280
Q

lies lateral to the portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic depression

281
Q

made up by the frontal bone and the zygomatic bone

A

zygomatico frontal process

282
Q

two fused bones that form skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and the floor of the orbit (eye socket)

A

maxilla

283
Q

maxilla is also called the…

A

upper jaw bone

284
Q

sharp boney projection located medially along the inferior margin of the nasal cavity

A

nasal spine

285
Q

a slip of skin partition that covers the nasal spine and separates the medial portion of the nostrils.most inferior part of the nose

A

columna nasi

286
Q

processes of the maxillan

A

Alveolar process Frontal process of the maxilla Palatine Process Dental Prognathism (buck teeth)

287
Q

bony ridge that contains the tooth sockets

A

alveolar process

288
Q

ascending part of the upper jaw

A

frontal process of the maxilla

289
Q

horse shoe shaped single bone of the mouthlower jaw

A

mandible

290
Q

2 main parts of the mandible

A

Body Ramus

291
Q

horizontal portion of the mandible

A

body

292
Q

corresponding vertical portion of the mandible

A

ramus

293
Q

parts of the body of the mandible

A

mental eminenceincisive fossaalveolar processes

294
Q

parts of the ramus of the mandible

A

condylecoronoid processmandibular notch

295
Q

Prominent eminence of the mandibleTriangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible

A

mental eminence

296
Q

area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth

A

incisive fossa

297
Q

the four teeth located anteriorly from the midline on each jaw; used for cutting

A

incisive teeth

298
Q

rounded eminence at the articulating end of the bone

A

condyle

299
Q

non articulating end of the bonethis is where the temporal muscle attaches

A

coronoid process

300
Q

the depression located between the condyle and the coronoid process

A

mandibular notch

301
Q

marks the widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face

A

angle of the mandible

302
Q

a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible

A

angle of the mandible

303
Q

widest part of the lower face

A

bi-mandibular

304
Q

widest part of the head (cranium)

A

bi-parietal

305
Q

widest part of the face

A

bi-zygomatic

306
Q

Check textbook

A

page 23

307
Q

other bones that are not surface bones….they are of less interest to (Alteri)

A

(cranium) ethmoid bones phenoid bone(facial) vomer bone palantine bones lacrimal bones

308
Q

see pages 20 & 23 for

A

other bones that are not surface bones

309
Q

muscle provides…

A

muscle bulkcontour effecttopographical surface form

310
Q

continual muscle contraction leaves…

A

markings (wrinkles) on the face

311
Q

wrinkles run ___________ to muscle fiber

A

transverse

312
Q

wrinkles are more pronounced on ______

A

males

313
Q

loss of muscle tone will cause__________

A

sagging of tissues

314
Q

what bones make up margins of nasal cavity

A

nasal bonemaxilla

315
Q

area between mental eminence and area between incisor teeth

A

incisive fossa

316
Q

What muscle attaches to the coronoid process?

A

temporal muscle

317
Q

this can play a part in moving muscle tissue inferiorly verses posteriorly

A

gravitational pull

318
Q

environmenthereditycan all play a part in…

A

loss of muscle tone

319
Q

the point of muscle attachment which moves the leastThe beginning of muscle contraction

A

origin

320
Q

the point of muscle attachment which moves the most (greatest) amount.

A

insertion

321
Q

know the following for each facial muscle…

A

locationfunctioneffect on surface form

322
Q

muscles of the cranium

A

Occipitofrontalis Muscle (1)masseter muscletemporalis muscle

323
Q

Muscle that draws the scalp posteriorly and inferiorly and raises the eyebrows. Thin sheeth located between the occipital and frontal bones.

A

Occipitofrontalis Muscle

324
Q

Occipitofrontalis Muscle is also known as…

A

epicranius

325
Q

parts of Occipitofrontalis Muscle

A

occipitalisfrontalis

326
Q

the frontalis is also called…

A

the frontal belly

327
Q

the occipitalis is also called…

A

the occipital belly

328
Q

The effects of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle on Surface Form

A
  1. When contracted it raises eyebrows2. Continual contraction forms Transverse Frontal Sulci
329
Q

wrinkles (lines) that run across the front of the forehead

A

transverse frontal sulci

330
Q

Transverse frontal sulci is what type of facial marking?

A

Acquired

331
Q

Name the types of Muscles of Mastication

A
  1. Temporalis (2)2. Masseter (2)
332
Q

broad fan shaped muscle located along the temporal bone.fairly thin

A

temporalis muscle

333
Q

the purpose of the temporalis muscle…

A

closes mandible masticationsome side-to-side movement

334
Q

what is the strongest chewing muscle (muscle of mastication)?

A

temporalis muscle

335
Q

temporalis muscle effect on surface form…

A

provides SOME bulk to the temporal cavity

336
Q

the temporalis muscle overlies what muscle?

A

squamous muscle

337
Q

masseter muscle effect on surface form

A

provides bulk to the side of the cheek

338
Q

function of masseter muscle is…

A

masticationcloses the mandible

339
Q

this muscle is not the strongest of the chewing muscles

A

masseter muscle

340
Q

Located in bucal area (cheek area)Begins below the Zygomatic Arch and extends to the angle of the mandible. (along side of the face)

A

masseter muscle

341
Q

muscles of facial expression

A
  1. Muscles of the eye2. Muscles of the nose3. Muscles of the mouth
342
Q

muscles of the EYE that control facial expression

A
  1. Orbicularis Oculi2. Corrugator3. Levator Palpebrae Superioris
343
Q

TRUE sphincter muscle that surrounds the eye socket…closes the eyelids and compresses the lacrimal sac

A

orbicularis oculi

344
Q

functions of the orbicularis oculi

A
  1. closes the eyelid when contracted2. compresses the lacrimal sac
345
Q

if the lacrimal sac is compressed it produces…

A

tears

346
Q

the size, area, and function allows the orbicularis oculi effect on surface form to be…

A

optic facial sulci (crows feet…obligue wrinkles)

347
Q

optic facial sulci is also known as…

A

crows feet

348
Q

crows feet is also known as …

A

oblique muscles

349
Q

crows feet is what type of wrinkle?

A

acquired

350
Q

corrugator is also known as…

A

frowning muscle

351
Q

The corrugator muscle is what shape?

A

pyramid

352
Q

the function of the corrugator muscle.

A

draw the eyebrow downward & medially when contracted

353
Q

located toward the medial end of the eyebrowruns from root of the nose to upper rim of eye socket (oblique)

A

corrugator muscle

354
Q

corrugator muscle effect on surface form

A

vertical interciliary sulci

355
Q

a ferlow located between the eyebrows (wrinkles)

A

vertical interciliary sulci

356
Q

function of the levator palpebrae superioris

A

lifts (raises or elevates) the upper eyelid

357
Q

eyelid is called

A

palpebrae

358
Q

upper eyelid is called

A

palpebrae superioris

359
Q

levator means…

A

lift or raise

360
Q

the levator palpebrae superioris effect on surface form…

A

palpebral fold (occurs with age)

361
Q

located along inferior margin of the upper eyelid

A

superior tarsus

362
Q

located along the superior margin of the lower eyeliddoes not have as much vertical dimension as its superior counterpart

A

inferior tarsus

363
Q

the degree from vertical at which the surface(s) of a prominent feature projects.

A

angle of projection

364
Q

slope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique

A

inclination

365
Q

buck teeth

A

Dental Prognathism

366
Q

a bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the Maxilla and the superior surface of the Mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth.

A

alveolar process

367
Q

the ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone; the ascending process of the upper jaw.

A

frontal process of the maxilla

368
Q

muscle of facial expression which depresses the angle (corner) of the mouth

A

TRIANGULARIS

369
Q

TRIANGULARIS is also known as

A

Depressor Angulus Oris

370
Q

The triangularis effect on surface form

A

forms the Angulus Oris Eminence

371
Q

muscles of the mouth & anterior cheek

A
  1. Quadratus Labii Superioris2. Levator Anguli Oris3. Risorius4. Depressor Labii Inferioris5. Mentalis
372
Q

Three muscles that make up the Quadratus Labii Superioris

A
  1. Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi2. Levator Labii Superioris3. Zygomaticus Minor
373
Q

multi headed muscle (3 heads plus muscle itself)…large and extends from the cheek bone in lower rim of eye socket and serves to raise the upper lip

A

Quadratus Labii Superioris

374
Q

elevates or raises the upper lip and dilates the nostrils

A

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi

375
Q

helps to elevate and extend the upper lip

A

Levator Labii Superioris

376
Q

Draws the superior lip superiorly and anteriorly…however, text and other sources suggest “superiorly and laterally” ****DEFINITION IS QUOTATIONS IS WHAT ALTERI WANTS US TO KNOW.

A

Zygomaticus Minor

377
Q

function of the Quadratus Labii Superioris

A

serves to raise the upper lip…“sneer”<—-Elvis face

378
Q

furrow lying medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold; ACQUIRED

A

nasolabial sulcus

379
Q

Quadratus Labii Superioris effect on surface form

A

nasolabial sulcus

380
Q

acquired and can accompany the nasolabial fold

A

nasolabial sulcus

381
Q

located beneath the Quadratus Labii Superioris muscle and in the region of the canine teeth.

A

Levator Anguli Oris

382
Q

function of the Levator Anguli Oris

A

to elevate the angle of the mouth

383
Q

the Levator Anguli Oris effect on surface form

A

nasolabial fold

384
Q

nasolabial fold is what type of process

A

natural

385
Q

false smile muscle

A

Risorius

386
Q

function of the risorius

A

retracts the angle of the mouth

387
Q

textbook says it draws angle of mouth posteriorly, but Alteri says…“narrow superficial band of muscle which pulls the angle of the mouth outward or laterally.”

A

Risorius

388
Q

The depressor labii inferioris muscle is also known as

A

quadratus muscle

389
Q

Risorius muscle has no noticeable effect on…

A

surface form

390
Q

Function of the depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses the lower lip…moves it inferiorly and SLIGHTLY laterally

391
Q

a single muscle located on the chin…elevates and protrudes the inferior (lower) lip

A

mentalis muscle

392
Q

helps to temporarily wrinkle the skin over the chin area

A

mentalis muscle

393
Q

the mentalis muscle effect on surface form

A

provides anterior (bulk) projection of the chin

394
Q

anterior projection of the chin

A

mental eminence

395
Q

and elongated dimple chin is called…

A

cleft chin

396
Q

elongated dimple

A

cleft

397
Q

if the cleft on chin runs under the chin…giving appearance of two lobes…

A

bilobated chin

398
Q

a depression in the chin is called..

A

chin dimple

399
Q

muscles of the neck

A
  1. Platysma2. Sternocleidomastoid3. Digastricus
400
Q

location and points of attachment

A

platysma

401
Q

fills up the space in the neck…depresses mandible & lower lip

A

platysma

402
Q

The platysma effect on surface form

A
  1. Bucco-facial Sulcus2. Mandibular Sulcus3. Serrated Jawline4. Platysmal Sulci
403
Q

get definition of all of the surface form platysma

A

effects

404
Q

helps to rotate head, depress, & lower the head.

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

405
Q

the measurement from one BELLY OF THE sternocleidomastoid to another gives the…

A

widest part of the neck

406
Q

double bellied muscle which draws the hyoid bone superiorly

A

Digastricus

407
Q

the hyoid bone does not…

A

articulate with another bone (free floating bone)

408
Q

function of the digastricus is to

A

help manipulate the tongue

409
Q

the effect on surface form of the Digastricus

A

cords of the neck

410
Q

processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face

A

zygomatic arch

411
Q

one of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic arch depression

412
Q

muscle responsible for raising the upper eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superioris

413
Q

muscle responsible for creating the philtrum…this is its effect on surface form

A

orbicularis oris

414
Q

principle muscle of the cheek which compresses the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of the mouth

A

buccinator

415
Q

muscle draws the scalp posteriorly and raises the eyebrows when contracted

A

occipitofrontalis

416
Q

furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye

A

optic facial sulci

417
Q

SMALL convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth

A

angulus oris eminence

418
Q

what type of marking is the angulus oris eminence

A

natural

419
Q

muscles of the nose

A

procerus muscle

420
Q

narrow elongated muscle, this muscle covers the bridge of the nose, located on the nasal bones up to the forehead

A

procerus muscle

421
Q

its function is to draw skin downward (inferiorly)

A

procerus muscle

422
Q

procerus muscle effect on surface form

A

transverse interciliary sulci

423
Q

muscles of the mouth

A
  1. orbicularis oris2. zygomaticus major3. buccinator4. triangularis
424
Q

the mouth is known as…

A

the center of expression

425
Q

this muscle is known at the Puckering Muscle

A

orbicularis oris

426
Q

flat band of muscles in the upper and lower red lips and integumentary lips

A

orbicularis oris

427
Q

function of the orbicularis oris

A

closes and puckers the lipscompresses lips against teethshapes lips during speech

428
Q

a NATURAL facial marking…the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip

A

philtrum

429
Q

muscles converging at the mouth corners

A

zygomaticus major

430
Q

zygomaticus major is also known as…

A

laughing muscle

431
Q

extends from the cheekbone to angle of the mouth

A

zygomaticus major

432
Q

function is the corner of mouth is raised when this muscle contracts…draws the upper lip posteriorly , superiorly, and laterally as in smiling or laughing

A

zygomaticus major

433
Q

zygomaticus major effect on surface form

A

angulus oris eminence

434
Q

effects of buccinator on surface form

A

multiple effects…helps form angulus oris eminencebucco-facial sulcusforms lateral wall of cheek

435
Q

vertical furrow of the cheek…ACQUIRED FACIAL MARKING

A

BUCCO=FACIAL SULCUS

436
Q

where the condyle of the mandible articulates is anterior to the external auditor meatus

A

mandibular fossa

437
Q

there are _______ anatomical structures of the temporal bone. Used for locating the modeled ear.

A

4

438
Q

What are the anatomical structures of the temporal bones used to locate the modeled ear?

A
  1. external auditory meatus2. zygomatic arch3. mandibular fossa4. mastoid process

3rd QUARTER (20 decks)

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