Restorative Art ALL CARDS Flashcards
1
Q
requires a long period of time, is extensive, or requires technical skill
A
major restoration
2
Q
types of major restorations
A
full head of hairdeep wound preparation and care of deep lacerationsrepair or reconstruction of multiple fracturesbuck-teeth (dental prognathism)3rd degree burns
3
Q
the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
A
restorative art
4
Q
time-table of RA treatment layout
A
Pre-embalmingConcurrent EmbalmingPost Embalming
5
Q
These are examples of what type of treatment?Setting featuresSuturing clean cuts, skin flaps, positioning skin, muscle, features, etc.Resetting fracturesPuncture blistersSupport surface tissuesMinor buck teeth issues
A
Pre-Embalming Treatments
6
Q
Buck teeth are also called…
A
dental prognathism
7
Q
These are examples of what type of treatment?Internal (active) dyeMaintaining feature corrections/alignmentLimiting swelling
A
Concurrent Embalming Treatments
8
Q
These are examples of what type of treatment?Remove scabsExcise diseased or mutilated tissuesSuture incisions, lacerationsReduce swellings (it has already occurred) Reduce tissue swelling (using gravity, compress- ace bandage, channeling-small incisions, electric spatula, )Be sure to use large amounts of massage cream to protect the skinDeep wound preparation and waxingFeature modelingBleachingMasking discolorationsExternal coloring and cosmetics (not always to cover something)Correct buck-teethAttach dismembered partsHair replacement
A
Post Embalming Treatments
9
Q
lack of symmetry or proportiondifferences in paired features
A
asymmetry
10
Q
it is natural to be ________
A
asymetrical
11
Q
correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face.
A
symmetry
12
Q
anterior view of the face or features
A
front aspect
13
Q
side view of the human head
A
profile view
14
Q
in reference to a photograph; a view that reveals the fullness of the cheeks
A
three-quarter view
15
Q
What should the restorative artist not conceal?
A
ScarsMolesBirthmarksWarts
16
Q
external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elementsrefers to the shape of a surface structure, which is recognized by its outline and surface movement.
A
Form
17
Q
the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance.
A
embalming
18
Q
dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object.
A
Bilateral differences
19
Q
the bilateral view; an inferior or superior viewpoint which permits the comparison of the two sides or halves of an object or facial feature.
A
Bilateral silhouette
20
Q
a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity and vibration of light
A
color
21
Q
hollow space or area
A
cavity
22
Q
two sides
A
bilateral
23
Q
The body is erect, facing the observer, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from body.
A
anatomical position
24
Q
a prominence or projection of a bone
A
eminence
25
a state or degree of being deep
depth
26
near to the mid-line; opposite of lateral direction
medial
27
a position or direction away from mid-line; to the side
lateral
28
more elevated in place or position; higher; upper; anatomically towards the head
superior
29
beneath; lower in plane or position; the under surface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure; toward the feet
inferior
30
the act of throwing forward; a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings
projection
31
a type of surface formed by the withdrawal of a part from its normal position
recession
32
exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface; a concavity
concave
33
boundaries or edges
margins
34
slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular
oblique
35
curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere
convex
36
the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features
physiognomy
37
the injection of special creams or liquids into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour
hypodermic tissue building
38
a substance used to elevate sunken (emaciated) tissues to normal level
tissue builder
39
the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear
mastoid process
40
a hollow or concave region
depression
41
the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
protrusion
42
the geometric shape of the human skull
oval
43
an electrically heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form
electric spatula
44
the topmost part of the head
crown
45
Crown is also known as...
vertex
46
weight applied to a surface
external pressure
47
lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain
occipital bone
48
the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone.
occipital protuberance
49
two bones that form the roof and part of the sides of the skull
parietal bones
50
the rounded peak of the external convexity of the parietal bones; determines the widest part of the cranium
parietal eminence
51
inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone
temporal bones
52
the concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone
temporal cavity
53
the vertical surface of the temporal bone
squama
54
How is the widest part of the cranium measured?
From one parietal eminence to another
55
a natural body opening or canal
meatus
56
the most common characteristics of each feature; typical, common, average
Norm
57
meaning...after death
postmortem
58
Anatomical structures for locating the modeled ear? What are they? Where are they located?
external auditory meatuszygomatic archmandibular fossamastoid process
59
a single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose
glabella
60
the anterior third of the cranium, forming the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull
frontal bone
61
paired, rounded, un-margined prominences of the frontal bone found approximately one inch beneath the normal hairline
frontal eminences
62
the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows.
superciliary arches
63
the superior rim of the eye sockets
supraorbital margins
64
- to observe the relative locations and arrangements of internal parts, it is necessary to cut or section the body along various planes.
Body Planes
65
a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions. If the division is into two equal halves, it is called median or mid-sagittal
Median (sagittal) plane
66
divides the body into superior and inferior sections
Horizontal (transverse) plane
67
divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
Frontal (coronal) plane
68
inferior to the mandibular fossaear passage...most noticeable
external auditor meatus
69
anterior to the external auditory meatus
mandibular fossa
70
posterior to the lobe of the earmost inferior portion of the temporal bone
mastoid process
71
fatty 1/3 portion of the ear
ear lobe
72
where does the sternoclediomastoid muscle attach?
Mastoid process
73
causes bruising and swelling to the eyes
squama
74
Separation of the head from the bo
decapitation
75
the trunk of a body
torso
76
when decapitated it the head should be embalmed...
separately from the trunk
77
the decapitated head can be injected using the....
common carotid arteries if in tact
78
if the common carotid arteries are destroyed in a decapitation how should injection be made?
External & Internal Carotid Arteries or...External Maxillary arteries
79
other methods of decapitated head preservation...
hypodermic injectionsurface compresses
80
the torso from decapitation can be injected using the ....
common carotid or axillary arteries
81
Use _____ plastic or wood splints (dowels) or _________ rods that are approximately ___ -____ inches long that are _______________ to reattach the head
3metal812sharpened
82
One rod is inserted into the ___________
spinal canal of the vertebrae
83
The additional 2 rods are inserted into the muscles on both sides of the __________ and __________
esophagustrachea
84
suture the muscles and tissue around the _____________________________ of the neck
entire circumference
85
use ______________ or _______________to fill in for missing tissue of neck
mortuary mastic or cotton & sealer
86
posterior process of the ramus of the mandible...articulates the anterior to the external auditory meatus
mandibular fossa
87
the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
restorative art
88
refers to the shape of a surface structure which is recognized by its outline and surface movement
form
89
the basic form of the nose is shaped how?
pyramid shape
90
the basic form of an ear is shaped how?
wedged
91
Form involves the following dimensions...
Lengthwidthprojection
92
refers to those rays of light reflected from the surface
color
93
highlights and shadows affect
appearance of color
94
one thing to do to look at highlights and shadows is to look at it in....
black and white
95
unless at least _________ of the facial structures remain intact, no restoration is ordinarily attempted, because it may resemble a __________. This is called the ________ rule. (mayer)
two-thirdswax replica2/3
96
the ________ may be violated in some cases.
2/3 rule
97
not all restorative art involves________
wax
98
types of restorative art without wax
1. external cosmetics2. internally (restorative chemicals w/ ACTIVE dyes)
99
______________is good to be included with permission to embalm
permission to restore
100
when preparing a wound using wax it must _________
be firm & dry
101
wounds must be ________ because you will be placing a substance and the surrounding structure should not ______
firmmove
102
wounds should be ______because one component of wax is ________
drypetroleum (oil)
103
dismembered parts should ALWAYS be attached _________________.
after embalming
104
study of the structures and surface markings of the face and featuresa topography of the face
physiognomy
105
lack of symmetry or proportiondifferences in paired features
asymmetry
106
it is natural to be ________
asymetrical
107
the most common characteristic of each part of a feature (or face)
norm
108
one eye width is the same as_______
width of the nose
109
anthropological classification (pg. 12)
EuropeanAsiaticAfrican
110
See pages 589-605 MUST READ Embalming: history, theory, & practice
read it!
111
first people to practice any type of RA
egyptians
112
practice of reading facesPlato & Aristotle all wrote about the subject of facial meanings
Chinese & mediterranean
113
practice of reading faces originated in______
China
114
This era took low priority; little effort to restore
middle ages to early 19th century
115
restoration began at the end of ___________
the Civil War (civil war era)
116
done on their own initiativeno textbooksno instruction, cosmetics or instrumentstrial & error
Those that are considered pioneers in RA
117
early attempts and problems with RA
Plastic surgery (skin transplant)Plaster of paris Clay & puttySoapWaxes
118
problems with skin transplant
skin dehydrated discoloration
119
problems with plaster of paris
draws moisture from surrounding tissues
120
problems with clay & putty
too dark & oilydifficult to hide w/cosmetics
121
finally manufactures produced a practical substance to perform RA.influence of mortuary science schools in 1920's
Waxes
122
body erect with arms at the sides and palms forward
anatomical position
123
front (before)
anterior
124
toward back
posterior
125
top
superior
126
beneath (lower)
inferior
127
toward midline
medial line
128
toward sides (away from median line)
lateral
129
body planes are located on page
14
130
horizontal plane also called
transverse plane
131
frontal plane also called
coronal plane
132
median (medial) plane also calleddivides into right and left
sagittal plane
133
state of being deep
depth
134
know terminology of.....
deepsuperficialmiddle of the body
135
hollow or shallow area
depression
136
area that sticks outState or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
protrusion
137
hollow depressed area
concave
138
outer segment of a circle
convex
139
line which is neither horizontal or verticalSlope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique
inclination
140
relating to, or having two sides
bilateral
141
dissimilarities noted when looking at two sides
bilateral differences
142
bilateral view of a person's silhouette
bilateral silhouette
143
a view of a person from the front
frontal aspect
144
a view of a person from the side
profile
145
a view of a person that is slightly turned
3 quarter view
146
additional terminology needed
frontal (anterior view)margins (boundaries or edges)oblique (slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular)pyramidrecession (recessed; withdraw from normal position)sunken (commonly the eyes)vertex (crown or topmost part)
147
requires a long period of time, is extensive, or requires technical skill
major restoration
148
types of major restorations
full head of hairdeep wound preparation and care of deep lacerationsrepair or reconstruction of multiple fracturesbuck-teeth (dental prognathism)3rd degree burns
149
The funeral home can charge the family for RA if_____________
it is on the general price list/contract
150
Charging the family for RA is ____________.
up to the funeral home...not required
151
When discussing RA with a family be aware of___________
promises/time lines
152
Always make sure that the family has __________
clarity
153
requires a minimum of effort, skill or time to complete
minor restoration
154
types of minor restorations
tissue building (filler)waxing (lips, razor burn, sutures, etc.)bleaching/concealing discolorationsremoval of fever blistersminor hair replacement (parts of eyebrow, eyelash, etc.)reducing swelling (non-surgical)
155
distinguishing characteristics not to be altered or concealed normally....
moleswartsscarsbirthmarks
156
note....
READ AND STUDY TERMS IN CHAPTERS 1 & 2
157
Bones of the head are divided into....
bones of the craniumbones of the face
158
geometric form of the "normal skull"
oval
159
the geometric from of the skull is determined from what views?
frontal &above
160
form varies from______________
person to person
161
why does form vary?
because of differences in width & length
162
note....
see page 12 for skull comparison of male, female, and infant
163
it is important to note the differences in
bone thicknesssize of bonesprominence of eminence
164
note...
look up info on ......prominence of eminence
165
note...
look into....infant skull development
166
effects of tooth loss and
aging
167
bones of the external cranium
frontal (1)occipital (1)parietal (2)temporal (2)
168
which bones are paired bones of the cranium
parietaltemporal
169
anterior third of the cranium
frontal bone
170
surfaces of the frontal bone
1. vertical surface (forehead)2. horizontal surface (crown)
171
eminences of the frontal bone
1. frontal eminence (2)2. supraorbital margin (2)3. superciliary arch (2) "eyebrow"4. glabella
172
note...
look up eminence and projection in glossary
173
Rounded prominences on either side of the median line of the frontal bone. May be indistinct at times (unrecognizable) or continuous.
frontal eminence
174
superior rim of the eye sockets (2)
supraorbital margin
175
the supraorbital margin lies _________ regarding the superciliary arch.
inferior
176
on some individuals the supraorbital margin will be _________
prominent ex: Tommy Lee Jones
177
lies in the inferior part of the forehead just superior the medial ends of the eyebrows (the thicker part of an arched eyebrow)
superciliary arch
178
superciliary arch is normally more prominent in people with ___________
receding foreheads
179
Located between the superciliary arch. Located in the inferior part of the frontal bone. Considered to be at the root of the nose. (where a uni-brow grows)
glabella
180
when the glabella is very prominent it will make the root of the nose look very _______________
deep
181
the lowest part of the back and the base of the cranium. Forms a cradle for the brain.
occipital bone
182
distinctive features of the occipital bone
occipital protuberanceforamen magnum
183
located at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone
occipital protuberance
184
opening in the occipital bone, the spinal cord passes thru it
foramen magnum
185
note....
pages 128-129 discusses decapitation
186
superior portion of the sides and the posterior 2/3 of the cranium
parietal bones
187
parietal eminences
convexity of the parietal bone
188
a measurement of one parietal eminence to another gives you the ______________________.
widest part of the cranium
189
where are the parietal eminences located?
above posterior border of the ears.
190
inferior portion of the sides and the base of the cranium
temporal bone
191
concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone.
temporal cavity
192
vertical portion of the temporal bone and is fairly thin (almost translucent) Scale like
squama
193
characteristics of the squama
thinalmost translucentscale like
194
there are _______ anatomical structures of the temporal bone. Used for locating the modeled ear.
4
195
What are the anatomical structures of the temporal bones used to locate the modeled ear?
1. external auditory meatus2. zygomatic arch3. mandibular fossa4. mastoid process
196
ear passagesee glossary
external auditory meatus
197
extension of the zygomatic bonedivides the length of the ear in halfsee glossary
zygomatic arch
198
measurement of one zygomatic arch to the other gives you the.....
widest part of the face
199
where the condyle of the mandible articulatesis anterior to the external auditor meatus
mandibular fossa
200
rounded portion most inferior portion of the temporal boneis posterior to the lobe of the ear (fatty inferior one third portion of the ear)sternoclydomastoid muscle attaches here
mastoid process
201
Character lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords of the neck, and dimples of the face
facial markings
202
facial markings in its purest form are caused by...
muscles
203
factors responsible for facial markings
1. Age & Heredity2. Environment3. Muscle striation & action4. Position of the body5. Condition of the body
204
rapid weight gain
corpulence
205
a hollow or shallow concave area in a surface
depression
206
(wrinkle) a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations
furrow
207
an elongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface
groove
208
elongated prominence adjoining a surface
fold
209
a prominence or projections of a bone
eminence
210
shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin in a rounded or vertical form
dimple
211
a furrow, wrinkle, or groove
sulcus
212
classification of facial markings
naturalacquired
213
those markings present at birth
natural facial markings
214
those markings developed throughout a lifetime
acquired facial markings
215
neither natural nor acquired facial markings which occur on both sides of the face are truly symmetrical
asymmetry of facial markings
216
the termination of all facial markings is
indefinite
217
physiognomy of natural facial markings
1. philtrum2. nasolabial fold3. nasal sulcus4. oblique palpebral sulcus5. angulus oris eminence6. angulus oris sulcus7. labial mental sulcus8. submental suclus9. dimbles
218
vertical groove on superior liplocated medially on the superior lipextends from the columna nasi & the margin of the red lip (superior etigment)forms an irregular parenthetical curve
philtrum
219
the greatest depth of the philtrum corresponds to...
its widest part
220
the philtrum can become __________ in very ______________________
obscuredold age
221
glossary
nasolabial fold
222
linear outline of the nasolabial fold
1. curved2. straight3. sinuous (backward S)
223
furrow is the same as...
wrinkle
224
physiognomy of acquired facial markings
1. nasolabial sulcus2. transverse frontal sulci3. interciliary sulci4. optic facial sulci5. superior palpebral sulcus6. inferior palpebral sulcus7. bucco-facial sulcus8. mandible sulcus9. labial sulci10. platysmal sulci11. cords of the neck
225
factors responsible for facial markings concerning conditions of the body...
1. Rapid weight loss2. Pathological condition3. Corpulence4. Trauma
226
called an angular areaalong the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold.
nasal sulcus
227
at an angle...shallow curving groove below the medial corner of the eyelids.
oblique palpebral sulcus
228
revisit definition for...this is essential to facial expressionhard to see because it doesn't have definite borders
angulus oris eminence
229
the elevation is formed by the combined insertions of the...
1. zygomatic muscles2. buccinator muscle3. triangularis muscle
230
this accompanies the angulus oris eminence...
angulus oris sulcus
231
make sure you know the difference of
angulus oris eminence vs. angulus oris sulcus
232
in youth the angulus oris sulcus tends to be...
triangular
233
the junction of the lower integementary lip and the superior border of the chinmay appear as a furrow...even in a child
labiomental sulcus
234
the highest point of the labiomental sulcus is...
along the midline
235
the submental furrow is also called the...
submental sulcus
236
immediately inferior to the mandible
submental furrow
237
junction of the base of the chin and the sub-mandibular area. may appear as a furrow and helps to create the double chin.
submental furrow
238
submental furrow is most noticeable from the...
profile view
239
almost always on a transverse plane with a line of closer of the mouth
dimples
240
elongated dimple on chin (cleft dimple) is always on the...
median line
241
chin dimples are typically more permanent than...
cheek dimples
242
furrow that is adjacent or medial to the nasolabial fold
nasolabial sulcus
243
caused by the continual contraction of the multiheaded quadratus labi superiorus muscle
nasolabial sulcus
244
horizontal furrows across the forehead
transverse frontal sulci
245
transverse frontal sulci vary in...
depthcurvatureinclination
246
transverse frontal sulci can be either...
continuous orinterrupted
247
the depth _____________ in transverse frontal sulci towards its end
diminishes
248
most common form of dip intransverse frontal sulci is at the...
central plane
249
transverse frontal sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the _________________
occipitofrontalis muscle
250
the two classifications of interciliary sulci
1. vertical2. transverse
251
vertical or slightly oblique furrows that extend upward from the roof of the nose up into (or thru) the eyebrows
vertical interciliary sulci
252
the vertical interciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the
corrugator muscle
253
vertical interciliary sulci is also known as...
frowning furrows
254
transverse inteciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the
procerus muscle
255
furrows that run side to side between eyebrows
transverse interciliary sulci
256
furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye
optic facial sulci
257
optic facial sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the...
orbicularis oculi muscle
258
usually the ________ are the _____ acquired facial markings to appear
optic facial sulcifirst
259
Furrow on the superior border of the upper eyelid.Apparent when there is an absence of fatty tissue in that region and when the tissues are firm
superior palpebral sulcus
260
Furrow of the lower attached border of the inferior palpebral...the inferior eyelid
inferior palpebral sulcus
261
bags under the eyes...fullness found between the inferior palpebral sulcus & the oblique palpebral sulcus
infraorbital pouch
262
infraorbital pouch is also called
orbital pouch
263
vertical furrow of the cheek area
bucco-facial sulcus
264
see fig. 72 for examples of
bucco-facial sulcus
265
bucco-facial sulcus can sometimes join into the...
madibular sulcus
266
furrow beneath the jawline that meets?????
mandibular sulcus
267
multiple forms of mandibular sulci
serrated jawline
268
transverse dipping furrows of the neck...run across the front and sides of the neck
platysmal sulci
269
the vertical prominence of the neck is considered the
cords of the neck
270
cords of the neck are more prominent on...
thinner individuals
271
furrows of agevertical furrows that extend from the upper and lower red lip area (mucus membrane) into the integementary area...generally occur first in the upper lip.
labial sulci
272
labial sulci is also known as..
the furrows of age
273
external facial bones
1. nasal bones (2)2. zygomatic bones (2)3. maxilla (2) 4. mandible
274
Forms a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.Located directly inferior to the glabella
nasal bones
275
see glossary for definition
angle of inclination
276
orifice bonded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla
nasal cavity
277
diamond shaped bone of the cheek
zygomatic bone
278
might see zygomatic bone or zygomatic arch as being measured to get the....
widest part of the face
279
just underneath the zygomatic arch you will find the...
zygomatic depression
280
lies lateral to the portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch
zygomatic depression
281
made up by the frontal bone and the zygomatic bone
zygomatico frontal process
282
two fused bones that form skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and the floor of the orbit (eye socket)
maxilla
283
maxilla is also called the...
upper jaw bone
284
sharp boney projection located medially along the inferior margin of the nasal cavity
nasal spine
285
a slip of skin partition that covers the nasal spine and separates the medial portion of the nostrils.most inferior part of the nose
columna nasi
286
processes of the maxillan
Alveolar process Frontal process of the maxilla Palatine Process Dental Prognathism (buck teeth)
287
bony ridge that contains the tooth sockets
alveolar process
288
ascending part of the upper jaw
frontal process of the maxilla
289
horse shoe shaped single bone of the mouthlower jaw
mandible
290
2 main parts of the mandible
Body Ramus
291
horizontal portion of the mandible
body
292
corresponding vertical portion of the mandible
ramus
293
parts of the body of the mandible
mental eminenceincisive fossaalveolar processes
294
parts of the ramus of the mandible
condylecoronoid processmandibular notch
295
Prominent eminence of the mandibleTriangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible
mental eminence
296
area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth
incisive fossa
297
the four teeth located anteriorly from the midline on each jaw; used for cutting
incisive teeth
298
rounded eminence at the articulating end of the bone
condyle
299
non articulating end of the bonethis is where the temporal muscle attaches
coronoid process
300
the depression located between the condyle and the coronoid process
mandibular notch
301
marks the widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face
angle of the mandible
302
a bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the mandible
angle of the mandible
303
widest part of the lower face
bi-mandibular
304
widest part of the head (cranium)
bi-parietal
305
widest part of the face
bi-zygomatic
306
Check textbook
page 23
307
other bones that are not surface bones....they are of less interest to (Alteri)
(cranium) ethmoid bones phenoid bone(facial) vomer bone palantine bones lacrimal bones
308
see pages 20 & 23 for
other bones that are not surface bones
309
muscle provides...
muscle bulkcontour effecttopographical surface form
310
continual muscle contraction leaves...
markings (wrinkles) on the face
311
wrinkles run ___________ to muscle fiber
transverse
312
wrinkles are more pronounced on ______
males
313
loss of muscle tone will cause__________
sagging of tissues
314
what bones make up margins of nasal cavity
nasal bonemaxilla
315
area between mental eminence and area between incisor teeth
incisive fossa
316
What muscle attaches to the coronoid process?
temporal muscle
317
this can play a part in moving muscle tissue inferiorly verses posteriorly
gravitational pull
318
environmenthereditycan all play a part in...
loss of muscle tone
319
the point of muscle attachment which moves the leastThe beginning of muscle contraction
origin
320
the point of muscle attachment which moves the most (greatest) amount.
insertion
321
know the following for each facial muscle...
locationfunctioneffect on surface form
322
muscles of the cranium
Occipitofrontalis Muscle (1)masseter muscletemporalis muscle
323
Muscle that draws the scalp posteriorly and inferiorly and raises the eyebrows. Thin sheeth located between the occipital and frontal bones.
Occipitofrontalis Muscle
324
Occipitofrontalis Muscle is also known as...
epicranius
325
parts of Occipitofrontalis Muscle
occipitalisfrontalis
326
the frontalis is also called...
the frontal belly
327
the occipitalis is also called...
the occipital belly
328
The effects of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle on Surface Form
1. When contracted it raises eyebrows2. Continual contraction forms Transverse Frontal Sulci
329
wrinkles (lines) that run across the front of the forehead
transverse frontal sulci
330
Transverse frontal sulci is what type of facial marking?
Acquired
331
Name the types of Muscles of Mastication
1. Temporalis (2)2. Masseter (2)
332
broad fan shaped muscle located along the temporal bone.fairly thin
temporalis muscle
333
the purpose of the temporalis muscle...
closes mandible masticationsome side-to-side movement
334
what is the strongest chewing muscle (muscle of mastication)?
temporalis muscle
335
temporalis muscle effect on surface form...
provides SOME bulk to the temporal cavity
336
the temporalis muscle overlies what muscle?
squamous muscle
337
masseter muscle effect on surface form
provides bulk to the side of the cheek
338
function of masseter muscle is...
masticationcloses the mandible
339
this muscle is not the strongest of the chewing muscles
masseter muscle
340
Located in bucal area (cheek area)Begins below the Zygomatic Arch and extends to the angle of the mandible. (along side of the face)
masseter muscle
341
muscles of facial expression
1. Muscles of the eye2. Muscles of the nose3. Muscles of the mouth
342
muscles of the EYE that control facial expression
1. Orbicularis Oculi2. Corrugator3. Levator Palpebrae Superioris
343
TRUE sphincter muscle that surrounds the eye socket...closes the eyelids and compresses the lacrimal sac
orbicularis oculi
344
functions of the orbicularis oculi
1. closes the eyelid when contracted2. compresses the lacrimal sac
345
if the lacrimal sac is compressed it produces...
tears
346
the size, area, and function allows the orbicularis oculi effect on surface form to be...
optic facial sulci (crows feet...obligue wrinkles)
347
optic facial sulci is also known as...
crows feet
348
crows feet is also known as ...
oblique muscles
349
crows feet is what type of wrinkle?
acquired
350
corrugator is also known as...
frowning muscle
351
The corrugator muscle is what shape?
pyramid
352
the function of the corrugator muscle.
draw the eyebrow downward & medially when contracted
353
located toward the medial end of the eyebrowruns from root of the nose to upper rim of eye socket (oblique)
corrugator muscle
354
corrugator muscle effect on surface form
vertical interciliary sulci
355
a ferlow located between the eyebrows (wrinkles)
vertical interciliary sulci
356
function of the levator palpebrae superioris
lifts (raises or elevates) the upper eyelid
357
eyelid is called
palpebrae
358
upper eyelid is called
palpebrae superioris
359
levator means...
lift or raise
360
the levator palpebrae superioris effect on surface form...
palpebral fold (occurs with age)
361
located along inferior margin of the upper eyelid
superior tarsus
362
located along the superior margin of the lower eyeliddoes not have as much vertical dimension as its superior counterpart
inferior tarsus
363
the degree from vertical at which the surface(s) of a prominent feature projects.
angle of projection
364
slope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique
inclination
365
buck teeth
Dental Prognathism
366
a bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the Maxilla and the superior surface of the Mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth.
alveolar process
367
the ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone; the ascending process of the upper jaw.
frontal process of the maxilla
368
muscle of facial expression which depresses the angle (corner) of the mouth
TRIANGULARIS
369
TRIANGULARIS is also known as
Depressor Angulus Oris
370
The triangularis effect on surface form
forms the Angulus Oris Eminence
371
muscles of the mouth & anterior cheek
1. Quadratus Labii Superioris2. Levator Anguli Oris3. Risorius4. Depressor Labii Inferioris5. Mentalis
372
Three muscles that make up the Quadratus Labii Superioris
1. Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi2. Levator Labii Superioris3. Zygomaticus Minor
373
multi headed muscle (3 heads plus muscle itself)...large and extends from the cheek bone in lower rim of eye socket and serves to raise the upper lip
Quadratus Labii Superioris
374
elevates or raises the upper lip and dilates the nostrils
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
375
helps to elevate and extend the upper lip
Levator Labii Superioris
376
Draws the superior lip superiorly and anteriorly...however, text and other sources suggest "superiorly and laterally" ******DEFINITION IS QUOTATIONS IS WHAT ALTERI WANTS US TO KNOW.
Zygomaticus Minor
377
function of the Quadratus Labii Superioris
serves to raise the upper lip..."sneer"<----Elvis face
378
furrow lying medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold; ACQUIRED
nasolabial sulcus
379
Quadratus Labii Superioris effect on surface form
nasolabial sulcus
380
acquired and can accompany the nasolabial fold
nasolabial sulcus
381
located beneath the Quadratus Labii Superioris muscle and in the region of the canine teeth.
Levator Anguli Oris
382
function of the Levator Anguli Oris
to elevate the angle of the mouth
383
the Levator Anguli Oris effect on surface form
nasolabial fold
384
nasolabial fold is what type of process
natural
385
false smile muscle
Risorius
386
function of the risorius
retracts the angle of the mouth
387
textbook says it draws angle of mouth posteriorly, but Alteri says..."narrow superficial band of muscle which pulls the angle of the mouth outward or laterally."
Risorius
388
The depressor labii inferioris muscle is also known as
quadratus muscle
389
Risorius muscle has no noticeable effect on...
surface form
390
Function of the depressor labii inferioris
depresses the lower lip...moves it inferiorly and SLIGHTLY laterally
391
a single muscle located on the chin...elevates and protrudes the inferior (lower) lip
mentalis muscle
392
helps to temporarily wrinkle the skin over the chin area
mentalis muscle
393
the mentalis muscle effect on surface form
provides anterior (bulk) projection of the chin
394
anterior projection of the chin
mental eminence
395
and elongated dimple chin is called...
cleft chin
396
elongated dimple
cleft
397
if the cleft on chin runs under the chin...giving appearance of two lobes...
bilobated chin
398
a depression in the chin is called..
chin dimple
399
muscles of the neck
1. Platysma2. Sternocleidomastoid3. Digastricus
400
location and points of attachment
platysma
401
fills up the space in the neck...depresses mandible & lower lip
platysma
402
The platysma effect on surface form
1. Bucco-facial Sulcus2. Mandibular Sulcus3. Serrated Jawline4. Platysmal Sulci
403
get definition of all of the surface form platysma
effects
404
helps to rotate head, depress, & lower the head.
sternocleidomastoid muscle
405
the measurement from one BELLY OF THE sternocleidomastoid to another gives the...
widest part of the neck
406
double bellied muscle which draws the hyoid bone superiorly
Digastricus
407
the hyoid bone does not...
articulate with another bone (free floating bone)
408
function of the digastricus is to
help manipulate the tongue
409
the effect on surface form of the Digastricus
cords of the neck
410
processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face
zygomatic arch
411
one of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch
zygomatic arch depression
412
muscle responsible for raising the upper eyelid
levator palpebrae superioris
413
muscle responsible for creating the philtrum...this is its effect on surface form
orbicularis oris
414
principle muscle of the cheek which compresses the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of the mouth
buccinator
415
muscle draws the scalp posteriorly and raises the eyebrows when contracted
occipitofrontalis
416
furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye
optic facial sulci
417
SMALL convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth
angulus oris eminence
418
what type of marking is the angulus oris eminence
natural
419
muscles of the nose
procerus muscle
420
narrow elongated muscle, this muscle covers the bridge of the nose, located on the nasal bones up to the forehead
procerus muscle
421
its function is to draw skin downward (inferiorly)
procerus muscle
422
procerus muscle effect on surface form
transverse interciliary sulci
423
muscles of the mouth
1. orbicularis oris2. zygomaticus major3. buccinator4. triangularis
424
the mouth is known as...
the center of expression
425
this muscle is known at the Puckering Muscle
orbicularis oris
426
flat band of muscles in the upper and lower red lips and integumentary lips
orbicularis oris
427
function of the orbicularis oris
closes and puckers the lipscompresses lips against teethshapes lips during speech
428
a NATURAL facial marking...the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip
philtrum
429
muscles converging at the mouth corners
zygomaticus major
430
zygomaticus major is also known as...
laughing muscle
431
extends from the cheekbone to angle of the mouth
zygomaticus major
432
function is the corner of mouth is raised when this muscle contracts...draws the upper lip posteriorly , superiorly, and laterally as in smiling or laughing
zygomaticus major
433
zygomaticus major effect on surface form
angulus oris eminence
434
effects of buccinator on surface form
multiple effects...helps form angulus oris eminencebucco-facial sulcusforms lateral wall of cheek
435
vertical furrow of the cheek...ACQUIRED FACIAL MARKING
BUCCO=FACIAL SULCUS
436
where the condyle of the mandible articulates is anterior to the external auditor meatus
mandibular fossa
437
there are _______ anatomical structures of the temporal bone. Used for locating the modeled ear.
4
438
What are the anatomical structures of the temporal bones used to locate the modeled ear?
1. external auditory meatus2. zygomatic arch3. mandibular fossa4. mastoid process
