Merchandising Final ALL CARDS Flashcards
Case or receptacle for dead human remains.
Coffin
Case or receptacle in which human remains are placed for protection, practical utility, and a suitable memory picture.Any box or container of one or more parts in which a dead human body is placed prior to interment, entombment, or cremation which may or may not be permanently interred, entombed, or cremated with the dead human body.
Casket
French word “casse”Chest of valuable possessions.Originally a jewelry box.
Casket
(FTC definition) A rigid container which is designed for the encasement of human remains and which is usually constructed of wood, metal, or like material and ornamented and lined with fabric
Casket
the purchase, display, and sale of goods
Merchandising
goods that are bought and sold
Merchandise
Examples of merchandise
CasketsVaultsUrns ClothingRegister books, memorial cards, etc.
What is the shape of a coffin?
Anthropoidal Shaped (human shaped)
What is the shape of a casket?
Rectangular Shaped
Materials from which caskets are made?
Wood Metal Polymer Fiberglass
Composition of wood
CelluloseLignin
1000’s of tiny hollow cells
Cellulose
Glue that binds cellulose togetherAllows wood to breathe
Lignin
Types of wood:
Solid woodLaminatesWood by products
Two categories of woods
HardwoodsSoftwoods
Deciduous / Leaf bearing trees / Close grain patternStrong and tough / More expensive than softwoods.Lose leaves in the fall
Hardwoods
Types of Hardwoods
Birch Cherry MahoganyMaple Oak Walnut
Constructed from different species of wood.
Select hardwoods
Examples of Select Hardwoods
cotton woodwillow tulip tree Salix
Select Hardwoods is also called…
Salix orWillow
Component parts of a single casket will NOT__________________
necessarily be constructed of the same species of wood.
Coniferous (Cone-bearing trees with needles)Less distinct grain patternKnot holes and other imperfections Soft and easy to work
Softwoods
Types of softwoods
Pine Spruce Cedar Poplar
Cone-bearing
Coniferous
Made by uniting superimposed layers of different materials.
Laminates
Types of Laminates
Wood veneer Artificial laminate
Not cone-bearing; is the ONLY softwood used in making select hardwood caskets.
Poplar
Created by gluing thin layer of wood of superior value or excellent grain to an inferior wood.
Wood veneer
Created by gluing thin layers of man-made material to an inferior wood or other material.
Artificial laminate
Examples of Artificial Laminate
Formica Vinyl
Types of Wood by-products
Corrugated fiberboard Composition board Plywood
Cardboard
Corrugated fiberboard
Particles of wood bonded together with waterproof glue.Different types distinguished by size and shape of wood particles.
Composition board
Types of composition boards…
Particle boardPressed boardFiberboardHardboardFlakeboard
Wood by products are used in the construction of…
Alternative containersCloth covered caskets (offered by York and Batesville Casket Companies)
Thin sheets of wood glued together with grains at right angle to one another.Odd number of sheets so grain on front and back runs same direction.
Plywood
Wood is measured in….
board feet
Board foot is….
1 foot square and 1 inch thick
An average casket contains how many board feet?
over 300
Wood is stronger than….
metal
Wood retains….
its shape longer
Wood caskets cannot be
“sealing” or “protective.”due to cellulose and lignin.
typically wood caskets do not contain
glass or bronze insert, but it is possible
People select wood because of….
- natural warmth & beauty2. uniqueness in grain patterns from species to species3. familiarity4. use in furniture and homes
Batesville provides for the Military when killed in active duty.
Revere Silver
Any metal formed from iron
Ferrous (Latin for iron) metal
The most common Ferrous Metal used in casket construction
SteelStainless Steel
Metal alloy (mixture) consisting mainly of iron and carbon.Commercial steel contains carbon in an amount up to 1.7%.Essential alloying constituent.
Steel
a substance composed of two or more metals.
ALLOY
Steel used in caskets because…
Low in carbonKeeps it soft (mild)Malleable (bendable, workable)
Measurement of thickness of metals.
Gauge
Number of sheets of metal necessary, that if stacked, would equal approximately one inch of thickness.
U.S. Standard Gauge
16 gauge is
1/16 of an inch
20 gauge is
1/20 of an inch
Characteristics of 16 guage
Lower gaugeThicker metal16 gauge is 67% thicker than 20 gauge.
Characteristics of 20 guage
Higher gaugeThinner metal
Metal alloy of steel, chromium, and sometimes nickelResist rust and corrosionMust have a minimum of 11% chormium
Stainless steel
Classification of stainless steel
400 Series (magnetic)300 Series (non-magnetic)
12% chromium0% nickelUsed in car mufflers
400 Series (magnetic)
18% chromium8% nickel Premium grade - stronger and better casketUsed in table ware, sailboats, cleats, shackler, jet engines.
300 Series (non-magnetic)
What makes the 300 series non-magnetic
The nickel
Any metal not formed from iron
Non-ferrous metal
Types of Non-ferrous metals
CopperBronze
Non-ferrous metals are also called
Precious &Semi-precious metals
Malleable, ductile, metallic elementCharacteristic reddish brown colorNaturally resistant to rust/corrosion
Copper
Types of copper caskets
Wrought copperCopper depositSeamless solid cast copper
A naturally occurring element that is mined out of the ground…NOT AN ALLOY.
Copper
Copper metal rolled into sheetsSheets pressed to form casket shell
Wrought copper
Core of copper metalCopper ions combined by an electrolytic process
Copper deposit
Molten copper poured into a moldMold broken awayVery expensive
Seamless solid cast copper
Metal alloy consisting of 90% copper with tin and sometimes zinc comprising the other 10%.Naturally resistant to rust/corrosion
Bronze
Types of bronze casket
Wrought bronzeCast bronze
What gives Bronze it’s color?
Tin or Zinc
Bronze metal rolled into sheetsSheets pressed to form casket shell.
Wrought bronze
Bronze is more expensive than Copper because…
it is mixed with 10% tin and sometimes zinc
Molten bronze poured into a mold and allowed to cool
Cast bronze
The most expensive type of casket is a….
Cast bronze casket
Classification of non-ferrous metals
Ounces per square footBrown and Sharpe gauge32 oz. (2lbs)48 oz. (3lbs)
Compound with a high molecular weightSimilar in appearance to plasticExtremely durable
Polymer
Other materials used in casket construction
PolymerFiberglass
Fine filaments of glass embedded in various resins
Fiberglass
Also used to manufacture infant caskets
Fiberglass
Main portions of the casket.
ShellCap(s)Body
Component parts consisting of the cap(s) and body.Seeing a closed casket is considered the ______.
Shell
Top most part of the casket shell.
Cap(s) (head & foot cap)
Portion of casket shell below the cap(s).
Body
Parts of the cap
CrownRimPieHeaderRim flangeGasket channel (not labeled)
Upper most part of the cap.Extend from rim to rim.Everything above the rim.
Crown
“S” shaped molding.Ogee.
Rim
Wedge shaped portion at each end of the crown.
Pie
ONLY Found on half - couch caskets.Medial portion (medium) of the head and foot cap.Face each other when the cap is closed.
Header
Turned under edge or horizontal portion of the rim/ogee.Comes in contact with the gasket or top body molding flange.
Rim flange
ONLY Found on half-couch gasketed caskets.Integral part of foot cap header.Holds transverse gasket to seal space between head and foot caps.
Gasket channel
Also called an Ogee
Rim
Rim Flange is also called…
Ogee flange.
Header is also called…
Bridge
Parts of the Body of the casket
Top Body Molding Flange
The Pie of the casket is also called….
fishtail
Horizontal portion of top body molding.Placement of gasket on protective casket.
Top Body Molding Flange
Top Body Molding Flange is also called…
Body ledge flange
Molding along uppermost edge of the body panels.
Top body molding
Top body molding is also called…
Body ledge
Sides and ends of the casket shell.Side - on front and back sides.End - at head and foot ends.Where the handles are attached.
Body panels2 sides (front & back) & 2 ends (head & foot)
Less expensive caskets do not contain…
Top body molding
Molding along lower most edge of the body panel.
Base molding
Portion of casket body that is not visible.Rest on the bier.
Bottom
Reinforcing groves in bottom.Add strength on metal caskets.
Stiffeners
Casket hardware
HandlesCornersThese are added to the shell.
Types of casket handles
Swing barStationary barBail
Moveable casket handle with a hinged arm.Full lengthIndividual
Swing bar handle
Runs entire length of each side body panel.
Full length swing bar handle
Single handlePlaced along end and side body panel.One for each casket bearer.
Individual swing bar handle
Non-moveable casket handle.Full lengthIndividual
Stationary bar handle
Runs entire length of side body panel.
Full length stationary bar handle
Placed along end and side body panel.One for each casket bearer.
Individual stationary bar handle
Single handleLug, arm, and bar are combined in one unit.
Bail handle
Parts of the casket handle
LugArmBarTip (not labeled)
Attached to the casket body.Ear
Lug
Attaches the bar to the lug.
Arm
Attached to the lug(stationary) or arm(swing)Grasped by the casket bearers.
Bar
Found on each end of the BARDecorative or ornamental portion.Covers exposed ends of the bar.Found only on swing bar handles.
Tip
The lug is also known as the…..
ear
Optional parts of the hardware.Attached to four corners of the body panel.Ornamental…covers seam where the corners meet
Corners of the casket
construction of handles and corners
metal (cast & stamped)plastic (extrusion)
Molten metal poured into a mold, allowed to cool, and remove from mold.Most expensive hardware production method.
Cast
Sheets of metal pressed into hardware components on a hydraulic press.Less expensive hardware.
Stamped hardware
Method of molding plasticInject molten plastic into a dye.
Plastic extrusion molding hardware
Interior components of a casket
Cap PanelRollGimpThrowApronExtendoverBedMattress coverBody liningHinge coverPillowBlanket
types of casket caps
full couchhalf couch
cap lifts as one complete unitcasket fully opened at head and foot endsexposes entire body
full couch caskets
rim, crown, and pies formed as one uniteraises as one piece
perfection full couch casket
cap cut into two sectionshead capfoot caponly head cap is opened for viewing
half couch caskets
rim, crown, and pie are formed as one unit with a transverse cut in the cap.forms head and foot cap
perfection half couch casket
focal part of the interiorfills the inside of the crownsometimes bordered by the rollComponents of the cap panel: Head panel Foot panel
cap panel
interior portion of the head cap
head panel
interior portion of the foot cap.
foot panel
in full couch casketfunctional or ornamental covering in foot endor located at both head and foot ends
inner panels
lines the rim and surrounds the cap panelsimilar to a picture frame
roll
strip of metal, plastic, or cloth attached to cap interior.covers area where roll is anchored to the rim flange
gimp
aesthetic covering for foot cap or inner foot panel
throw
portion of the throw extends downward into body of the casket or lining attached to under-surface of the foot panel
apron
extends over the top body molding for aesthetic value
extendover
portion on which decedent is placed.stationary/adjustable
bed
non-moveable bed
stationary bed
moveableRaised and lowered with mechanical device.Tilting mechanism allows side to side movement.Proper positioning of decedent.
adjustable bed
Individual swing bar handle is also known as…
Single swing bar handle
Individual stationary bar handle is also known as…
Single stationary bar handle
Interior cloth or materialCovers mattress or bedding.
Mattress cover
Material which drapes the inside perimeter of the body of the casket.
Body lining
Covers the hinges that attach casket cap to casket body.Extends from the roll and becomes a part of the body lining.
hinge cover
the hinge cover is also called
hinge skirt
Small cloth sleeveCovers hinge which keeps the head cap open.
hinge sleeve
types of pillows
headfoot
for placement and positioning of decedent’s head
head pillow
for feet in full couch casket
foot pillow
no distinction between head and foot panels in a _______________
full couch casket
Covers lower portion of decedent in a full couch casket.In absence of inner foot panel
Blanket
the ROLL is also called….
covepuffing
Gimp is also known as…
fold
a throw is also known as
OverthrowOverlay
the apron is also known as the….
skirt
Casket key inserted into opening in top body molding at the foot end.Threaded cover seals the opening.Most common
end lock casket
Similar to end lock.Top body molding on front side.Located where the head and foot caps meet.
Side lock casket
side lock casket is also called…
front lock casket
Small lever or handle pulled forward to open cap Pushed backward to close cap(s).Pulls cap(s) against the gasket.
Lever lock casket
Screw-type fastener.Seal created as fasteners are tightened.Pulls cap(s) against the gasket.ALSO IN A NON-GASKETED CASKET
threaded fastener casket
Pushed backward or pulled forward to open cap Spring-loaded or operated manually.Hold latch when closing.Prevents loud “click” sound.
latch closure casket
Types of gasketed caskets…
End lockSide lock (front lock)Lever lockThreaded fastener
Types of non-gasketed casket closures
latch closurethreaded fastenerchemical compound hermetically sealed
Epoxy, glue, etc.Secure cap(s) to the body.May create “protective/sealing” casket.Depending on materials and casket construction.
Chemical compounds
Completely sealed by fusion or soldering.Air and water-tight.
Hermetically sealed
standard adult sized wood casket
75” x 22”
Casket size is based on ______________. The size may vary between ________________.
inside dimensions manufacturer
standard adult sized metal casket
78” x 23”
For an oversize or extra size casket the width increases by……
2 inches
Each X equals _____ inches wider
2
XX means ______ inches wider
4
XXX means ______ inches wider
6
Length of an oversized casket increases by _______
3 inches
Adjustments in length may/may not correspond with ______________
increases in casket width
an oversize casket may require_____________
an oversize outer burial container
You should measure ___________ of the casket, including _____ & ___________.
outside dimensionsbodyhardware
material of an infant and child caskets are __________
similar to or same as adult caskets, but dimensions vary.
size increase of infant/child casket is by ________
6 inch steps (increments) in length
infant/child cast widths are made ____________ to length
proportional
OBC stands for….
outer burial containers
any container designed for placement in the grave around the casket
outer burial containers
types of outer burial containers
burial vaultsgrave boxesgrave liners
Just because you order an oversized casket DOES NOT mean that ______________
the length will change from the normal length
Always _________ the infant/child before ordering the casket.
measure
according to FTC-a generic name for any container which surrounds the casket in the grave…this includes vaults and grave liners
OBC
outer container which offers protection from the earth load. Possesses “sealing” or “protective” qualities.
Vault
Originally used to prevent grave robbery, now supports the earth load.Often required for cemetery maintenance purposes and inhibits (limits) the intrusion of outside elements.
vault
materials used in vaults
concretemetalpolymerfiberglass
types of concrete vaults
non-reinforcedreinforced
these concrete vaults include steel rods, wire mesh, or some other material.Strengthens the concrete
reinforced concrete vaults
Interior styles of caskets
Shirred Crushed Tufted Tailored Semi-tailored Specialty panels
Material is drawn or gathered in parallel strips and sewn with multiple needles.
Shirred interior
Created by placing a lining material on a metal form, adding weights, steaming, and attaching to a suitable upholstery (backing) material.Gives appearance of shirred interior.Less expensive.
Crushed interior
Created by placing padding material between lining and backing materials.Stitches are made.Forms small raised puffs.Typically most expensive styles of casket interior.
Tufted interior
Fabric tightly stretched or drawn.Creates smooth appearance.
Tailored interior
Combination of tailored interior with one or more other styles.
Semi-tailored interior
Custom designed and hand-crafted panels.Inserted and replace standard head panel.
Specialty head panel
Interior material
Lining materialsBacking materialsPadding material
Lining materials
Line the portion of the casket.Typically designed to match interior components.
Types of lining materials
CrepeSatinVelvetLinenLinen weaveTwill weave
Thin crinkled cloth of silk, rayon, cotton, or wool. Typically in less expensive caskets.
Crepe
Fabric woven to create a smooth lustrous face and dull back.
Satin
Fabric of silk, cotton, and possibly rayon with a nap.Typically most expensive style of casket interior.
Velvet
Fabric made from flaxNoted for strength, coolness, and luster.
Linen
Fabric woven to look like linen.Less expensive than linen.
Linen weave
Textile weave in which threads are crossed over one another to give an appearance of diagonal lines.
Twill weave
Add support and weight to lining materials.
Backing materials
Types of backing materials
CardboardMasselinPlastic
Corrugated fiberboardOften used as lining material in the foot panel of selected caskets.
Cardboard
Pressed paper in sheet form.
Masselin
Synthetic or natural organic material shaped when soft and then hardened.Also available in sheets.
Plastic
Add bulk and softness.
Padding materials
Types of padding materials
CottonPolyethylene foamShredded paperSpun polyester
Wood shredded into spaghetti-like stringsSometimes called wood wool.
Excelsior
Casket exteriors
WoodMetalFiberglassPolymer
Woods can be…
UnfinishedNatural finishPainted finishesLaminateCloth covered
Wood left in its natural stateLess expensiveCremation casket
Unfinished
StainedUnstainedBased on appearance, color, and purpose of the finished product.Burial casket vs. cremation casket
Natural finish
Types of wood finishes
Polished Semi-gloss Satin Flat
Smooth and glossyProduced by polishingCreates reflective or “mirror” finishBurnishedAlso known as gloss finish
Polished finish
Low lusterShiny or reflective finishLess pronounced than polished finish
Semi-gloss finish
Semi-luster or semi-gloss finishSmoothWith well-defined lines or striations“Brushed marks”Creates “textured” appearance
Satin finish
Dull lusterless surfaceNo shine or glossAlso known as matte finish
Flat finish
Use of various colors of paintApplied directly to the wood
Painted finish
Made by uniting superimposed layers of different materialFormicaVinylOn wood
Laminate
Various types of materialVarious types of finishesLess expensive casketsCan be placed on wood
Cloth covered
Cloth materials
BroadclothDoeskinPlush
Twilled, napped, woolen, or worsted fabricSmooth lustrous face and dense textureCotton, silk, or rayonWoven in plain or rib weaveSoft semi-gloss finish
Broadcloth
Heavy durable cotton fabricShort (1/8 inch or less) thick, velvety nap on one sideSuede-like appearanceAlso known as moleskin
Doeskin
Woven clothNap exceeding 1/8 inchAlso known as high pile
Plush
Types of cloth finish
SmoothEmbossed
No distinct pattern or raised surface
Smooth
Raised design above the surface.
Embossed
Metal finishes
BrushedPlatedSprayed
Bare metal scratched with an abrasive.Finished until a smooth high gloss is obtained.Creates “textured” appearance.
Brushed finish
Base metal coated by another metal.Through electrolytic processIdentified by word “deposit”“Copper deposit”
Plated finish
Types of Sprayed Finishes
Polished finish Crinkled finish Hammertone finish Flat finish
This is also a finish in a wood casket
polished finish
Metal coated with paint Wrinkles as it dries Less expensive caskets
Crinkled finish
Metal coated with paint “Indentations” appears as paint dries Creates small indentation Like striking with a ball peen hammer Less expensive casket
Hammertone finish
hammertone is also known as
hammertex
Defined previously Same as wood casket finish
Flat finish
Material consisting of extremely fine filaments of glass embedded in various resins.
Fiberglass
Compound similar in appearance to plasticHigh molecular weight creates an extremely durable substance
Polymer
Types of Polymer or Fiberglass finishes
Woodgrained“Simulated wood”Polished or glossSprayed
Styles of cap openings
Perfection couch Single hinged panel Slip panel
Crown, pie(s), and rim formed as one piece
Perfection (half/full) couch
Cap in two piecesRim and foot panel hinged to top body moldingHead panel hinged to the rimSingle hinged capBoth caps opened for casketingHead panel opened for viewingLess viewing area than perfection half couch
Single hinged panel
Head cap completely removed for viewingRemains viewed from either sideSlip topPriest casket
Slip panel
Shell designs are classified by…
ends & cornersbody panel
Types of ends and corners
ellipticoctagonsquareround
ends in shape of a half circle
elliptic
eight angles or cornerseight sides or surfaces on body panel
octagon
corners meet at right angles to one another with distinct edge
square corner
corners rounded rather than square
round corner
types of body panels
flaring squarevertical sidestate casketurnside
sides and ends of body flare out from body to top.narrower and shorter at bottom then opening at the top.
flaring square
body sides at 90 degree angle to the bottomcorner may be rounded
vertical side
body panels at 90 degree angle to the bottomcorners from 90 degree anglevertical side square
state casket
body panel shaped like an urnmost expensive casket shell designmore labor in manufacturing
urnside
closure methods
gasketednon-gasketed
“protective”…“sealing”
gasketed
“non-protective”…“non-sealing”
non-gasketed
gasketed casket components
gaskethingeslocking mechanism
Gum rubber substance to top body molding flange.Transverse gasket in gasket channel on half-couch caskets.Creates air and water-tight seal
Gasket
Specially designed to maintain “protective/sealing” qualitiesAttach cap(s) to body.
Hinges
Sliding rod or metal bar.Hooks or cut portions engage eyes on the cap(s).Pulls rim flange against rubber gasket.
locking mechanism
Vaults are lined and unlined…if lined it is done with___________________
PolystyreneABS materialMetalAsphalt coated
plastic like compound, developed in 1960 by Wilbert Vault STRENTEX
Polystyrene
plastic like compound used in football helmets-developed in 1970’s.
ABS Material
stronger and more durable than polystyrene
ABS Material
non-corrosive / non-rusting….most expensive concrete vaults, stainless steel, copper, bronze.
metal
vault interior, not as effective as other lining materials, more protection than element alone
asphalt coated
materials used for metal vaults
galvanized steelstainless steelcopper
other vault materials
polymerfiberglass same materials to manufacture caskets
carbon steel coated with zinc by immersion for increased resistance to rust or corrosion
galvanized steel
measured by US Standard GaugeDome with a base constructionUses the diving bell principle to sealsupports weight of the earth
Stainless steel/copper vault
Vault finishes
asphalt coatinggalvanizedpainted
methods of vault closure
air sealtop sealdouble seal
utilizes air pressure created by placing the dome into the base. “Diving bell” principle Air pressure prevents entrance of water
air seal
type of air seal vault…
Clark grave vault
utilizes an epoxy compound in conjunction with a tongue-in-groove closure at the top of the vault
top seal
type of top seal vault
wilbert burial vault
utilizes the principle of the air seal in conjunction with an epoxy material at the junction of the dome and base
double seals
STANDARD inside dimensions of a burial vault
30” wide86” long
protection from earth load without sealing qualitiessupports weight of the earthoften minimum requirement by the cemeteryprevents grave from sinking from disintegration of casket and use of cemetery maintenance equipment.Is the purpose of……
grave liners
types of material of grave liners
concretepolymer fiberglasswood
holes in bottomallows water to seep outprevents casket from bobbing up and down
concrete grave liner
temporary materialdisintegrates quicklyseldom used
wood grave liner
types of grave liners
grave boxsectional
grave liner that has body with a one or two piece lid (cover)
grave box
grave box is also known as…
concrete box
grave liner that has six or eight slabs of unfinished concrete placed around the casket.
sectional grave liner
sectional grave liner also known as…
concrete sectional
types of other containers
transfer containeralternative containercombination unit
outer enclosure used to protect the body and or casketed remains during transportation
transfer container
types of transfer container
combination caseair trayziegler casewood box
particle board box with a cardboard tray and cover.Satisfies air shipping regulations. Body may not be embalmed but shipped in Ziegler Case.
Combination case
LargerUsed to ship casketed remainsWooden tray with a cardboard covering for the casket
air tray
Gasket sealed metal containerUsed as a shipping container or inserted into casket shellFor decomposed body
ziegler case
ziegler case is also called…
metal case
for casked or non-casketed bodyrarely used
wood box
When shipping by air….
Air Transportation Association guidelines and Federal Aviation Administration regulations must be followed.Always check each airline
Unfinished wood box or other non-metal receptacle or enclosure.Without ornamentation or a fixed interior lining.Designed for encasement of human remains.
alternative container
Alternative container materials used…
fiberboardpressed woodcomposition materialslike materialswith or without an outside coveringoften used as cremation containers
Unit or a series of units designed or intended to be used together as both a casket and permanent burial receptacle.Often seen with infant caskets
Combination Unit
type of combination unit…
Wibert “cherub”
silky fibers around seeds of silk also used for padding
K-Pok
Excelsior is also called…
wood wool
Stone or metal structureCommemorates the life, deeds, or career of a deceased person.From the Latin word meaning “to remind”
Monument
Stone or metal structure Built for the purpose of remembering
Memorial
Small headstones with one or more piecesIdentifies individual graves
Marker
Purpose of a monument
Identify Memorialize
Purpose of a monument Identify
Information about the deceased Name Date of birth Date of death Other information Family, spouse, etc.
Purpose of a monument Memorialize
Epitaph Inscription placed on a monument to commemorate the deeds or qualities of the deceased.
Monument erected to the memory of the dead, with the dead human body not present.
Cenotaph
Parts of a monument
Base Tablet (die) Accessories
Lower or supporting portion of the monument May have first, second, or third (tier)
Base
Main upright portion of the monument above the base Also called Die
Tablet
Vase for flowers Picture of decedent Similar items
Accessories
Styles of monuments
Temporary & Permanent
type of monument Placed by funeral home or cemeteryShort-term identification of the grave
temporary
type of monumentPlaced by a monument companyAccuracy is vital
permanent
styles of permanent monuments
Flush Bevel topSlant
styles of permanent monumentsTop set even with surrounding terrain “Memorial park” cemeteries
flush
styles of permanent monumentsSet above ground with a slightly slanting top
Bevel top
styles of permanent monumentsFace with an angle greater than 45 degrees but less than 90 degrees in relationship to surrounding terrain
slant
Cemetery MEMORIAL consisting of a top piece supported by two standards. Used to identify family burial plots or in conjunction with a family MONUMENT
bench
tablet or die is taller than it is wide
vertical tablet
tablet or die is wider than it is tall
horizontal tablet
Combination of any style May include carved statuary or other ornamentation
specialty
Materials used for monuments
Stone- Granite, Marble, and SlateMetal- Bronze
Stone monuments Very hard and natural igneous rock. Formed by heat and/or volcanic action. Visible crystalline texture Available in a number of colors - rose, black, gray, etc.
Granite
Stone monuments Limestone rock with a crystallized texture created by metamorphism often with a mottled appearance. Light and dark areas of lines
Marble
Stone monuments Dense, fine-grained metamorphic rock produced by compression of various sediments (clay or shale).
Slate
rock created by pressure, heat, and water resulting in a compact and highly crystalline condition
Metamorphism
Stone monuments Same material used in casket construction Cast bronze
Bronze
Building containing crypts or vaults for entombment. Above ground structure for burial
Mausoleum
Chamber in a mausoleum for entombment of casketed remains
Crypt
types of crypts
Individual cryptCompanion cryptFamily crypt
Structure, room, or space in a mausoleum or other building. Contains niches or recesses for cremated remains.
Columbarium
Recess or space in a columbarium for permanent placement of cremated remains.
Niche
type of niche
Individual Companion Family
Types of mausoleum or columbarium
public and private
Types of mausoleum or columbariumpublic
Cemetery or other location Mausoleum Columbarium Combination
Types of mausoleum or columbariumprivate
Cemetery or other location Family Individual
Area of ground set aside and dedicated for final disposition of dead human bodies. Latin word “ceometerium” meaning “A sleeping place”
Cemetery
a cemetery is divided according to?
Section Block Lot Grave
divisions of cemeteryLargest subdivisionContaining several blocks
section
divisions of cemeterySubdivision containing several lots
block
divisions of cemeterySubdivision containing several graves
lot
divisions of cemeteryExcavation in the earth as a place for intermentIndividual burial space
grave
Grave space where two or more persons may be buried in grave liners which have been stacked on top of each other.First person who dies is buried in the deepest grave liner. Subsequent burial on top
lawncrypt
Section in a cemetery set aside for the scattering of cremated human remains.
scattering garden
Container used for cremation
CasketsAlternative containers
Types of caskets for cremation
Burial casketsCremation casketsRental caskets (not cremated)
Any casket used for burial purposes
Burial casket
casket that is cremated with dead human body
Cremation casket
For visitation and funeralBody placed in another container for final dispositionRe-useable
Rental casket
Designed for placement in casket shellMade from cardboardContains pillow and lining material which matches casket interior with cardboard coverFor transporting to cemetery
Rental casket insert
Remember when using a rental casket
Family should sign a waiverAcknowledging it as a rental casketWhich has been used and will be used again
Types of alternative containers
Corrugated containersPouchPlywood or particle boardWood box
Constructed from a type of cardboard made with a series of alternate folds and ridges. Cardboard
Corrugated containers
Leak resistant zippered bag / Contains a dead human body and body fluidsTypically used to remove remains from place of death
Pouch
Suggested minimum volume for post cremation containers
200 cubic inches
Types of post-cremation containers
Temporary Permanent
Types of post-cremation containersCardboard or corrugated boxHard plastic containerBoth with plastic lining or bag to hold the cremains
Temporary
permanent container for cremated remains
urn
Cremation outer burial containers
Urn vaultLiners
Cremation outer burial containersMetal or concrete vaultSealing or protective features
Urn vault
Cremation outer burial containersEncase the urnNo sealing or protective features
Liners
Other post-cremation merchandise
Pendants“Keepsake” or miniature urnsOther “unique” methods of disposing of cremains. Celestis, shotgun shell, pottery glaze
Garments for burial purposes Specially designed for easy dressing Verity of items for men and women Suits, dresses, etc. Includes undergarments
Burial garments
Available at the funeral home or florist Casket spray End pieces Corsages Boutonnieres Specialty items Potted plants
Flowers and plants
Various miscellaneous items provided or used to compliment the service of a funeral director.
Sundry items
Sundry items include
Register bookPrayer cardsReligious, fraternal, and military symbolsAcknowledgment/thank you cards.
merchandising plan is also known as…
sales objective orsales plan
planning equals…
profit (built into service fees)
plan components
MerchandiseSelection of merchandiseCost and pricing Display
What are these examples of?Evaluate the market Evaluate sales historyDetermine product availability Consider supplier recommendationsEstablish product and service mix
steps in planning
considerations when selecting suppliers
payment termsavailability of productproduct supportproduct quality
types of payment terms
cash discountrebatequantity discountconsignment
Reduction of price for payment of an account within time limits.Established by the sales contract.
cash discounts
what is this an example of? Terms: 2/10 net 30 2% discount if paid within 10 days Full payment (NET) due in 30 days
cash discounts
Reduction in amount of a bill when a minimum quantity of merchandise has been ordered.
quantity discount (EOQ)
what items would a quantity discount be used on?
casketsembalming fluids
return of a portion of a payment
rebate
giving merchandise to an agent to be cared for or sold.Payment is not made to the supplier until the merchandise is sold.
consignment
What are these methods of?Markup Consumer value indexMerchandise value ratio Fixed multipleGraduated recovery
methods of determining prices
Difference between merchandise (wholesale) cost and selling (retail) price.Retail - wholesale = _________
markup
markup is also known as…
profit margin
Percentage derived by dividing wholesale cost by the retail price.Spending more money should equal more value for each dollar spentWholesale divided by retail = _______
Consumer Value Index (CVI)
Relationship between wholesale cost of merchandise and total cost of both service and merchandise to the consumer.Wholesale divided by (service + merchandise) = ________
merchandise value ratio (MVR)
Staff services: such as… for obits, DC’s, papwerwork, etc. PLUS (+)Overhead costs: such as…Salaries, office supplies, rent, maintenance, utilities, etc.Sum of these costs divided by number of services (historically or projected) EQUALS (=) __________
service fee
service fee should be….
reasonable
A price determination method whereby the casket cost is multiplied by a constant factor. (number)Historically the fixed number has been three (3).
fixed multiple
advantage of fixed multiple
easy to use and provides quality
disadvantage of fixed multiple
no improvement in CVIno incentive to buy up
The return of money produced by varying the amount expected on each selection.The amount of markup varies with the cost of the merchandise.
graduated recovery
types of graduated recovery
increasedecreasemodified
increase is less favorable with this…
graduated recovery
markup the more expensive caskets
increase
most win-win situation
decline price
encourages consumers to buy better merchandise….provides for families who require lower priced caskets
modified declining
Sales trend terminology
Average MedianModeQuartile
average also known as…
mean
the sum of a group of numbers divided by the number of units.
average
a value in an ordered set of values which represent the midpoint, whereby there are an equal number of values above and below the midpoint value.
median
the number that appears most frequently in a listing of numbers.
mode
a division of the total into four intervals, each one representing one-fourth of the total.
Quartile
find definition for this…
balanced line
caskets sold in 2nd and 3rd quartile (Most people select in the middle)
range
people usually begin in ______ price or move either direction
mid-range
The number of times sales in a given price bracket occurs over a fixed period of time.
sales frequency
different methods of price quotations…
Itemization (FTC) Package pricingBi-unit pricing Functional pricingUnit pricing (historical method)
The method of price quotation by which each unit of service and/or merchandise is priced separately.Requirements of FTC
itemization
The pricing method which groups together selected services and/or merchandise.
Package pricing
examples of package pricing
unit pricingbi-unit pricingfunctional pricing
FTC STATES….that ______ pricing method is acceptable if family receives an _________ General Price List
AnyItemized
A method of price quotation showing separately the pricing of the service to be rendered and the price of the casket.
bi-unit pricing
A method of price quotation in which the itemized charges are combined into several component parts.NOT like itemization where it is all broken down
functional pricing
Historical method used prior to FTC regulationsA method of price quotation which creates one total price package for both service and merchandise.
unit pricing
Any item obtained from a third party and paid by the funeral provider on the purchaser’s behalf.
cash advance
Note…cash advance items may include…
Cemetery or crematory service Casket bearers TransportationClergy honoraria Flowers Musicians or singersNurses Obituary notices GratuitiesCertified copies of death certificates
Study this card also…
Common to all forms of price quotations. Must comply with applicable federal and state laws. In most states, funeral directors, can only charge the price of the cash advanced items and handling fee – cannot be charged for the these items.
Texas does not allow handling fees as long as they are disclosed to the family on the funeral contract.
check this card with Trakesha
Review general price list, Merchandise Price List, Outer Burial Container Price List.
Merchandise Presentation
a written memorandum – legal contract. Family does not have to pay for embalming when not requested. Texas does not require embalming but if not able to refrigerate body must be embalmed family can refute the charge.
contract
a casket manufacture selection room can be located…
funeral homecatalogcomputerseparate building
order of preference
Main levelUpper levelLower level
preferred level of preference…
MAIN
3rd level of preference…
LOWER
2nd level of preference…
UPPER
Types of selection rooms
Full size caskets Fractional displaysQuarter or End Panels / PicturesCatalog Computers
minimum number of caskets in selection room per NATIONAL BOARD
12
minimum number of caskets in selection room per Texas Law
5 which would include 2 full size
maximum number of caskets in selection room per National Board
30
selection room size
40-60 square feet per casket is recommended
study card…
LIGHTING – 90 to 100 foot candles of illumination at casket level. Foot candle amount of illumination produced by one candle at a distance of one foot.
types of lighting
directindirectfluorescentincandescent
the illumination resulting from the glowing of a heated filament
incandescent
reflected illumination of an object
indirect
light shining on an object
direct
illumination produced by a tubular electric discharge lamp, fluorescence of phosphors coating the inside of a tube.
flourescent
distance of casket to the floor in selection room
distance from floor to bottom of casket…26-30 inches
A wheeled collapsible support for the casket, used in the funeral home, church, or home.
church truck
The stand or support upon which a casket rests in the selection room.
casket stand
casket stand is also known as…
casket standard
A device upon which two or three caskets are placed, one on top of the other for display.
casket rack
Study this list of other displays in selection room
Urns Outer burial containersCremation containers MemorialsChildren’s caskets
This is what?One room – accommodates all casketsFurniture group (table, lamp, and 2 chairs)Traffic flow through this room
selection room arrangement
several caskets used to familiarize families.
Demonstration Group
type of casket arrangement that show an increasing or decreasing in price
consecutive method
type of casket arrangement that show woods, copper, etc.
grouping method
methods of presentation
directindirect
The method of selling caskets whereby the funeral director remains in the selection from the entire selection period.
direct selection room presentation
advantages of direct selection room presentation
some families prefer the support
disadvantages of direct selection room presentation
no privacy & restricts communicationmay be an influencemay misrepresent needs of family
Makes introductory presentation to familyLeaves the selection room Returns upon request
indirect selection room presentation
advantages of indirect selection room presentation
privacycommunication occursinfluences by FD eliminatedinformation may be better analyzed
Disadvantages of indirect selection room presentation
No support; funeral director not available for questions; information may be ignored.
