EMBALMING 2- EXAM 2

Question 1

When selecting arteries,the considerations and precautions based upon:

Answer 1

1. Accessibility

2. Arterial occlusion- hardening of the arteries

Question 2

when considering if an artery is accessible what should be some of the determining factors?

Answer 2

Superficial or deep
Surrounding structures
Size (diameter)
Proximity to aorta
Accessibility for drainage from corresponding vein

Question 3

Factors governing selection of arteries for injection (9)

Answer 3

1. Age: Infant (descending abdominal aorta) or Adult
2. Weight (corpulence)
3. Disfiguration - scar tissue, arthritis, etc.
4. Disease - cancer, goes hand in hand with disfiguration, etc.
5. Edema - excessive fluids
6. Obstruction - vascular or extravascular
7. Trauma - any type of wound or injury
8. Medico - legal requirements
9. Cause and manner of death

Question 4

Proper technique for raising vessels

Answer 4

1. Shave area if necessary
2. Select instruments and prepare ligature or necessary instruments.
3. Locate place of incision using linear guide.
4. Make incision through skin, superficial fascia and deep fascia.
5. Use blunt dissection through superficial fascia and deep fascia, and adipose tissue.
6. Locate vessels by use of anatomical guide.
7. Clean vessels by blunt dissection and ligate vessels.
8. Make incision in vessel.

Question 5

the most common incision method employed to open the artery or vein. Cut is made from the edge of the vessel to the center of the vessel

Answer 5

Transverse incision

Question 6

an incision made involving cutting at an angle

Answer 6

Diagonal incision

Question 7

this incision is made when embalmer likes to use drain tube in neck

Answer 7

“T” incision

Question 8

this incision is used on a sclerotic artery, because it does the least amount of damage to the walls of this vessel that are already diseased

Answer 8

Wedge incision

Question 9

most popular and common stitch. Y

Answer 9

Baseball

Question 10

the least leak proof of any suture, they form the least prominent ridge. The most common use is on parts of the body that will be seen in an open casket. This is a hidden stitch, within the skin - used on the face.

Answer 10

Intradermal

Question 11

other types of incisions

Answer 11

Whip or roll stitch – illustrated in text book

Draw stitch

Question 12

Other methods of closing the incision:

Answer 12

Adhesives

Surgical staples

Question 13

4 types of injections discussed:

Answer 13

One point injection

Split injection/drainage

Multi-point injection

Restricted cervical

Question 14

type of injection where one location is used for both injection and drainage.

Answer 14

One point injection

Question 15

most common sites for one point injections

Answer 15

Common carotid artery/ internal jugular vein

Femoral artery and vein

Question 16

Injection from one location and drainage from a separate location.

Answer 16

Split injection/drainage

Question 17

Most common site for split injection/drainage

Answer 17

Injection - right femoral artery

Drainage - right internal jugular vein

Question 18

Inject from two or more arteries

This procedure ensures better distribution throughout the body.

Answer 18

Multi-point injection

Question 19

Both common carotid arteries are raised.

Allows the head to be injected separately.

Answer 19

Restricted cervical

Question 20

Used if the embalmer is concerned about distention or swelling of the facial features during the embalming process (car accident, head trauma), or if there is a major restorative art project

Answer 20

Restricted cervical