Restoration Flashcards
Why was navigation important for Trade?
To maximise trade and remain competitive against other powers, determining the exact position of ships would make travel direct and cheap
Why was navigation important for War?
Successful tactics and planning so you know where ships will be and when.
Why was navigation good for the Empire?
Navigation to colonise America (arrive and make way back to England)
Longer journeys = more death if supplies run out.
How did France help the Royal Observatory?
Christopher Wren was inspired by baroque style architecture that was popular in France.
How was money influencial for the Royal Observatory?
Lots of it built with second hand materials due to only £500 pound budget for the whole thing.
It was also built on the Kings land as it was free rather than buying more.
690 barrels of gunpowder were sold off to pay for labour and other essentials.
What were the promises in the Declaration of Breda?
Peace for Kingdom (not kept as religious conflicts)Indemnity
Settlement of land disputes
Payment of the Army
Promise to listen to advice of parliament (not kept)
How was Charles able to disband parliament?
Due to treaty of Dover the King of France was giving Charles all the money he needed.
Name the tactic used by the British in Naval fighting
Line Ahead
How did England use create Navigation Acts to earn money?
As they stated trade from Europe to America must go via English ports which meant they had to pay high taxes to the English.
Strengths of British trade
Earned lots of money from taxes from navigation acts
Weakness of British trade
Unable to defeat the Dutch at sea or force them to sign a peace treaty, giving them more trade benefits
Opportunities for British trade
Large profits from triangular trade with West Africa and the Caribbean. Wanted to extend their trade in slaves and sugar.
Threats for British trade
Dutch competition in spice trade led to armed conflict and massacre of English traders in 1626 in Indonesia.
When was the Great Plague?
1665
Impacts of the great fire? 1666
1/5 houses destroyed.
£25,000 worth of cloth burned (damaged economy)
Methods to stop fire
squirts (carry 5 litres) fire engines which were hoses which would squirt water on flames (but needed manual refilling) pulling down houses
Why the fire spread
Houses made of woods, open flames for light, heating and cooking. Houses were also extremely close together (jetties stuck out across streets)
Impact of the Plague
Government unable to collect tax which was made worse by need to pay against Dutch war.
About 25% of population died according to historians.
Treatments for the Plague?
Abstaining from alcohol, sex or too much food.
Dried toads on buboes
Those who could afford it left London
Bleeding to balance humours
How did government try and control the Plague
40 day quarantine for shut up houses and ships.
Public funerals and celebrations were banned
Signs of the Bubonic plague?
Fever and buboes, painful spasms
Signs of the Pneumonic plague?
coughing and bleeding
What did people believe caused the plague?
Punishment from God or miasma (bad air)
Some believed the alignment of the planets and stars caused the plague.
Why did Eng lose the 2nd dutch war?
Lack of money due to Plague so new ship construction wasn’t possible.
Dutch made tactical decisions and had good finance
General Monck very slow to adapt and made costly decisions.
Why did Eng lose 3rd Dutch war?
Dutch used propaganda in Eng to undermine support for war so it was hard for Charles to continue
Lack of coordination with the French and freq disagreements e.g. conflicts between themselves (Prince Rupert blamed all failure on French)
Who were Royal African Company?
1663, people in Africa exploiting slaves (James and Charles important shareholders) and by 1685 they had 18 points of trade on coast of Africa
Who was Morgan?
A privateer who raided several Spanish towns but then recruited by English Jamaican Governor to raid Cuba for info on rumoured Spanish attack on Jamaica. Morgan and crew received 150,000 Spanish dollars.
Importance of coffee houses in Restoration?
People learned about new ideas in science and business, they were also centres for business meetings.
Charles attempted to close them all down due to paranoia about plot to overthrow him
Name the Acts passed in the Clarendon Code
Five Mile Act 1665- all catholic priests must be 5 miles from their old church
Conventicle Act-1664 It was illegal for more than 5 people to worship outside of Church
What was the Treaty of Dover and when was it passed?
Treaty of Dover- 1670
Charles would be funded by Louis XIV and would support France against the Dutch.
