Restoration

Question 1

Why was navigation important for Trade?

Answer 1

To maximise trade and remain competitive against other powers, determining the exact position of ships would make travel direct and cheap

Question 2

Why was navigation important for War?

Answer 2

Successful tactics and planning so you know where ships will be and when.

Question 3

Why was navigation good for the Empire?

Answer 3

Navigation to colonise America (arrive and make way back to England)
Longer journeys = more death if supplies run out.

Question 4

How did France help the Royal Observatory?

Answer 4

Christopher Wren was inspired by baroque style architecture that was popular in France.

Question 5

How was money influencial for the Royal Observatory?

Answer 5

Lots of it built with second hand materials due to only £500 pound budget for the whole thing.
It was also built on the Kings land as it was free rather than buying more.
690 barrels of gunpowder were sold off to pay for labour and other essentials.

Question 6

What were the promises in the Declaration of Breda?

Answer 6

Peace for Kingdom (not kept as religious conflicts)Indemnity
Settlement of land disputes
Payment of the Army
Promise to listen to advice of parliament (not kept)

Question 7

How was Charles able to disband parliament?

Answer 7

Due to treaty of Dover the King of France was giving Charles all the money he needed.

Question 8

Name the tactic used by the British in Naval fighting

Answer 8

Line Ahead

Question 9

How did England use create Navigation Acts to earn money?

Answer 9

As they stated trade from Europe to America must go via English ports which meant they had to pay high taxes to the English.

Question 10

Strengths of British trade

Answer 10

Earned lots of money from taxes from navigation acts

Question 11

Weakness of British trade

Answer 11

Unable to defeat the Dutch at sea or force them to sign a peace treaty, giving them more trade benefits

Question 12

Opportunities for British trade

Answer 12

Large profits from triangular trade with West Africa and the Caribbean. Wanted to extend their trade in slaves and sugar.

Question 13

Threats for British trade

Answer 13

Dutch competition in spice trade led to armed conflict and massacre of English traders in 1626 in Indonesia.

Question 14

When was the Great Plague?

Answer 14

1665

Question 15

Impacts of the great fire? 1666

Answer 15

1/5 houses destroyed.

£25,000 worth of cloth burned (damaged economy)

Question 16

Methods to stop fire

Answer 16

squirts (carry 5 litres) fire engines which were hoses which would squirt water on flames (but needed manual refilling) pulling down houses

Question 17

Why the fire spread

Answer 17

Houses made of woods, open flames for light, heating and cooking. Houses were also extremely close together (jetties stuck out across streets)

Question 18

Impact of the Plague

Answer 18

Government unable to collect tax which was made worse by need to pay against Dutch war.
About 25% of population died according to historians.

Question 19

Treatments for the Plague?

Answer 19

Abstaining from alcohol, sex or too much food.
Dried toads on buboes
Those who could afford it left London
Bleeding to balance humours

Question 20

How did government try and control the Plague

Answer 20

40 day quarantine for shut up houses and ships.

Public funerals and celebrations were banned

Question 21

Signs of the Bubonic plague?

Answer 21

Fever and buboes, painful spasms

Question 22

Signs of the Pneumonic plague?

Answer 22

coughing and bleeding

Question 23

What did people believe caused the plague?

Answer 23

Punishment from God or miasma (bad air)

Some believed the alignment of the planets and stars caused the plague.

Question 24

Why did Eng lose the 2nd dutch war?

Answer 24

Lack of money due to Plague so new ship construction wasn’t possible.
Dutch made tactical decisions and had good finance
General Monck very slow to adapt and made costly decisions.

Question 25

Why did Eng lose 3rd Dutch war?

Answer 25

Dutch used propaganda in Eng to undermine support for war so it was hard for Charles to continue
Lack of coordination with the French and freq disagreements e.g. conflicts between themselves (Prince Rupert blamed all failure on French)

Question 26

Who were Royal African Company?

Answer 26

1663, people in Africa exploiting slaves (James and Charles important shareholders) and by 1685 they had 18 points of trade on coast of Africa

Question 27

Who was Morgan?

Answer 27

A privateer who raided several Spanish towns but then recruited by English Jamaican Governor to raid Cuba for info on rumoured Spanish attack on Jamaica. Morgan and crew received 150,000 Spanish dollars.

Question 28

Importance of coffee houses in Restoration?

Answer 28

People learned about new ideas in science and business, they were also centres for business meetings.
Charles attempted to close them all down due to paranoia about plot to overthrow him

Question 29

Name the Acts passed in the Clarendon Code

Answer 29

Five Mile Act 1665- all catholic priests must be 5 miles from their old church
Conventicle Act-1664 It was illegal for more than 5 people to worship outside of Church

Question 30

What was the Treaty of Dover and when was it passed?

Answer 30

Treaty of Dover- 1670

Charles would be funded by Louis XIV and would support France against the Dutch.