Restless Earth Flashcards
Describe with diagrams how fold mountains form.
Name the 3 types of plate boundaries, the features found on them and an example.
Draw diagrams and compare Shield and Composite volcanoes.
Remember to compare the types of lava, and guess which volcano has which type of lava.
Additional info:
- Pahoehoe lava is less viscous and slightly hotter.
- Aa lava is more viscous and slightly cooler.
- Composite volcanoes have Aa lava.
- Shield volcanoes have Pahoehoe lava.
[IGNORE ACIDIC/BASIC]
Name the 3 types of volcano states.
What is a lahar?
A type of mud/debris flow caused by a pyroclastic flow, typically across a river valley.
Explain with a diagram how a Volcano is formed.
Name some hazards of volcanoes.
Which volcano type has more viscous lava?
Composite volcanoes are more viscous,
therefore we also know that Shield Volcanoes are less viscous.
If lava is more viscous, is it more or less runny?
More viscous means gloopier, and less runny. It will travel shorter distances.
Where do volcanoes tend to be found?
Volcanoes are usually found by plate boundaries.
Most of which are found where the Pacific Plate meets the indo-Australian, North/South American Plates, Eurasian Plate and Philippine Plate; this is known as the Ring of fire.
A high silica content makes lava more/less viscous.
A high silica content makes lava more viscous.
Name an example of a Shield volcano.
Hekla Volcano in Iceland, on the North American and Eurasian plates.
Name an example of a Composite volcano.
Krakatoa Volcano in Indonesia, found on the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates.
What is a supervolcano?
A very large volcano that erupts with a massive volume of material - at least 1000 cubed kilometers of magma.
Give an example of a supervolcano.
Yellowstone, USA.
What are some facts of supervolcanoes?
- 90% of people in a 60 mile radius would be killed by an eruption.
- There would be a 15 mile vertical blast.
- 250 cubic miles of ash, dust and gas would erupt.
What would people be killed by in a supervolcano?
- Pyroclastic flows - heat.
- Ash inhalation.
- Freezing.
- Explosion from impact.
Name some short-term impacts of a supervolcano.
- Air would be sucked out from underground bunkers.
- Buildings destroyed - roofs collapse under pressure from ash.
Name some long-term impacts of a supervolcano.
Any of the following:
- Covers 1/2 of US.
- Roots covered by ash.
- Cars and planes crash/destroyed.
- Effects visible from space.
- Effects visible for >2 million years.
- Acid rain.
- Could cause mini ice age due to dust volume in atmosphere.
- Farms/plants wouldn’t have much sunlight.
- Darkness.
- Clogged up water supplies.
- Economic impact.
- Social impact.
What is a geosyncline?
The seabed in which sediment is deposited.
What are the three types of rock folds?
An ocean trench forms when…
An ocean trench forms when subduction occurs on the oceanic plate.
Draw a diagram and label an Earthquake.
Name 3 ways that volcanoes can be monitored.
Name an example of a Fold Mountain range, including the plates.
The Alps (France, Switzerland, Italy etc…), Indian and Eurasian Plates.
What are the two types of earthquake scales?
- Richter scale - Based on the magnitude of the Earthquake. Goes up in numbers logarithmically.
- Mercalli scale - Measures the intensity based on its effect on people and buildings. Based on observations - not from a machine.
Comparisons can be made between the two such as precision, accuracy, reliability, understandability, visibility of effects etc…
Earthquake waves are also known as what?
Seismic waves.
Name some effects of earthquakes.
What additional support do MEDC’s have in an Earthquake scenario?
Any of the following:
- Emergency broadcasts.
- Education on what to do in an Earthquake.
- Insurance.
- Survival packs.
- Call for help (Mobile).
- Trained emergency services.
- Rapid rescue response.
However, MEDC’s do not usually get aid.
What is the area between two tectonic plates sometimes also referred to as?
Fault lines.
Name some examples of ways humans have responded to earthquakes to better prepare for them.
Any of the following:
- Building structures with shock absorbing foundations.
- Education.
- Fire Prevention.
- Trained Emergency Services.
- Land Use Planning.
- Monitoring animal behaviour.
- Monitoring fault lines.
- Monitoring groundwater levels.
- Lubricate fault lines using water and oil.
- Installing a large concrete slab on top of a building to move in the opposite direction to counteract the quake movement.
- Install cross bracing to existing buildings.
- Build single story buildings.
- Triangular shaped buildings.
- Automatic shutters on buildings with glass windows.
- Insurance/Aid.
You should be able to define these 3 words:
- Prediction.
- Planning.
- Preparation.
- Prediction - Guessing what’s going to happen.
- Planning - Structured organisation for something.
- Preparation - Getting ready for something.
