Resporatory System Flashcards
What is TV?
Tidal volume
What is BF?
Breathing frequency
What is MV?
Minute ventilation
Explain all three lung volumes?
TV - volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs per breath
BF - breaths per minute
MV - amount of air we ventilate in and out per minute
What are the three values at rest?
TV - 500ml
BF - at rest 12-20
MV - 6-10L/min
What does sub-maximal exercise look like as an equation?
> 500ml x >20bpm = 20L/min
What does maximal exercise look like as an equation?
Up to 3L x 70-120bpm = 120L/min
How would more breathing frequency effect a graph?
Narrower width in between spikes
What are the lung volumes like during recovery?
Bringing down TV slowly - values similar to sub-maximal
What is gaseous exchange?
The process where gases move passively by diffusion across a surface
What is an alveolus?
A singular alveoli
What is the concentration of O2 and Co2 in a alveolus (as a %)?
20% oxygen
0.04% carbon dioxide
What is the concentration of O2 and Co2 in a capillary (high and low)?
Low concentration of O2
High concentration of CO2
The cell wall of a capillary is partially permeable, what does that mean?
There are gaps for molecular gases
What is a diffusion gradient?
Net movement of molecules from an area where they are at a higher concentration to areas where they are at a lower concentration
During exercise what’s the concentration Of O2 and CO2 like in muscle tissue and capillaries (high and low)?
Low O2 High CO2
High O2 Low CO2
What happens as a result of the diffusion gradient in muscles during exercise?
CO2 leaves muscles, oxygen goes into the muscles all via capillaries
During exercise does the rate of diffusion go up?
Yes as diffusion gradient goes up so does the rate of diffusion
What is oxygen dissociation?
The tendency of oxygen to leave behind haemoglobin
What shifts the Bohr curve?
Lower Ph, higher CO2, lactic acid and temperature
Why does temperature go up during exercise?
As energy is exothermic
What does the diaphragm do during inspiration and expiration
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
The diaphragm relaxes
What do the intercostal muscles do during inspiration and expiration
External Intercostals contract and the ribs move up and out
External intercostals relax and internal intercostals contract ribs move down and in some
What does the sternocleidomastoid do during inspiration and expiration
Contracts and lifts your chest up and outwards
And relaxes on expiration
What do the abdominals do during inspiration and expiration
Abdominals relax and contract on expiration to push air out
