Responses To Exerise P.13

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

Energy comes from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Energy must be converted to Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) to be used by nerves, muscles, and other cells.

Example sentence: Carbohydrates are a primary source of energy for intense exercise.

Question 2

Oxygen Uptake

Answer 2

The rate at which oxygen is utilized during a specific level of an activity.

Example sentence: Oxygen uptake increases during aerobic exercise.

Question 3

Oxygen Deficit

Answer 3

The difference between the theoretical oxygen requirement of a physical activity and the measured oxygen uptake.

Example sentence: Oxygen deficit occurs during the initial stages of exercise.

Question 4

Steady State

Answer 4

The point during exercise at which oxygen uptake is unchanging or changes very little.

Example sentence: Achieving steady state is essential for endurance activities.

Question 5

Oxygen Debt or EPOC

Answer 5

The amount of oxygen used during recovery from work that exceeds the amount needed for rest.

Example sentence: EPOC helps restore the body to its pre-exercise state.

Question 6

VO2 max

Answer 6

The greatest rate of oxygen utilization attainable during heavy work. Expressed in L-min or ml-kg-min.

Example sentence: VO2 max is a crucial measurement of aerobic fitness.

Question 7

Heart Rate

Answer 7

The number of beats of the heart per minute.

Example sentence: Monitoring heart rate is important during exercise.

Question 8

Stroke Volume

Answer 8

The amount of blood pumped in one beat of the heart.

Example sentence: Stroke volume can be influenced by exercise training.

Question 9

Cardiac Output

Answer 9

The amount of blood circulated by the heart in one minute. Formula Expressed as Heart Rate X Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output

Example sentence: Cardiac output is a key indicator of cardiovascular health.

Question 10

Blood Pressure

Answer 10

The pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls, measured in millimeters of mercury by the sphygmomanometer.

Example sentence: High blood pressure can increase the risk of heart disease.

Question 11

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 11

The process of oxygenating the blood through the lungs.

Example sentence: Pulmonary ventilation is essential for gas exchange.

Question 12

Lactate Threshold

Answer 12

The point during a graded exercise test at which the blood lactate concentration suddenly increases; a good indicator of the highest sustainable work rate.

Example sentence: Lactate threshold can vary among individuals.

Question 13

Effects of Endurance Training

Answer 13

1. Increase in number of mitochondria (The ‘powerhouse of cells’).
2. Decreased time that it takes to achieve steady state.
3. Size of the ventricle of the heart increases, increasing the amount of blood that can be pumped with one beat of the heart.
4. Increased VO2max.

Example sentence: Endurance training leads to physiological adaptations in the body.