response biases

Question 1

what is acquiescence bias?

Answer 1

occurs when an individual agrees with statements without regard for the meaning of those statements

Question 2

what is the problem of extreme and moderate response biases?

Answer 2

refers to differences in the tendency to use or avoid extreme response options

Question 3

what is social desirability bias?

Answer 3

tendency for a person to respond in a way that seems socially appealing, regardless of his or her true characteristics

Question 4

what is social desirability bias affected by?

Answer 4

test content, test context and personality of the respondent

Question 5

according to paulhus what are the two processes by which socially desirable responding occurs?

Answer 5

impression managment and self deception

Question 6

what is impression management?

Answer 6

a conscious process by which test takers intentionally attempt to appear socially desirable

Question 7

what is self deception?

Answer 7

unconscious process where we tend to believe their overestimation of their psychological characteristics

Question 8

what is malingering?

Answer 8

respondents exaggerating their psychological problems

Question 9

what is the rate of malingering in practice?

Answer 9

in between 7% to 27% of general psychological evaluations and between 31% to 45% of forensic evaluations

Question 10

what is random responding?

Answer 10

test takers respond randomly or semi-randomly

Question 11

what about guessing?

Answer 11

guessing therefore produces test scores that are inconsistent with the true score differences, which has an adverse effect on test reliability

Question 12

what are the three strategies for coping with response bias?

Answer 12

• manage testing context
• manage test content
• use specifically designed bias tests

Question 13

what are the three goals of response bias management?

Answer 13

• minimize the existence of response biases
• minimize the effects of responses biases
• detect bias and intervene in some way

Question 14

what is the bogus pipeline technique?

Answer 14

inform participants that false responding can be detected by the test that is being administered

Question 15

what is a balanced scale?

Answer 15

an equal number of negatively and positvely keyed items

Question 16

what are validity scales?

Answer 16

designed to specifically measure the degree to which people may be engaging in a particular type of response bias

Question 17

what is a famous validity scale?

Answer 17

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Question 18

what are the two scales of the MMPI?

Answer 18

L(ie) scale and F (infrequency) scale

Question 19

what does it mean if someone has a high score on the L scale?

Answer 19

represents denial of these common characteristics which is indicative of social desirability bias

Question 20

what does it mean if someone has a high score on the F scale?

Answer 20

a high score represents some form of deviant responding—random responding, malingering, acquiescence, or serious psychopathology

Question 21

what tests are dedicated to the measurement of socially desirable responding?

Answer 21

the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the Balanced Inventory for Desirable Responding

Question 22

what is the dot counting test?

Answer 22

designed to detect malingered cognitive impairment and malingering is suspected when it takes people just as long to count the grouped dots as the random dots

Question 23

what are response sets?

Answer 23

are temporary and due to factors such as circumstances surrounding the testing or the test itself

Question 24

what are response styles?

Answer 24

are considered relatively stable and enduring traits that are observed across tests and testing situations