response biases Flashcards
what is acquiescence bias?
occurs when an individual agrees with statements without regard for the meaning of those statements
what is the problem of extreme and moderate response biases?
refers to differences in the tendency to use or avoid extreme response options
what is social desirability bias?
tendency for a person to respond in a way that seems socially appealing, regardless of his or her true characteristics
what is social desirability bias affected by?
test content, test context and personality of the respondent
according to paulhus what are the two processes by which socially desirable responding occurs?
impression managment and self deception
what is impression management?
a conscious process by which test takers intentionally attempt to appear socially desirable
what is self deception?
unconscious process where we tend to believe their overestimation of their psychological characteristics
what is malingering?
respondents exaggerating their psychological problems
what is the rate of malingering in practice?
in between 7% to 27% of general psychological evaluations and between 31% to 45% of forensic evaluations
what is random responding?
test takers respond randomly or semi-randomly
what about guessing?
guessing therefore produces test scores that are inconsistent with the true score differences, which has an adverse effect on test reliability
what are the three strategies for coping with response bias?
- manage testing context
- manage test content
- use specifically designed bias tests
what are the three goals of response bias management?
- minimize the existence of response biases
- minimize the effects of responses biases
- detect bias and intervene in some way
what is the bogus pipeline technique?
inform participants that false responding can be detected by the test that is being administered
what is a balanced scale?
an equal number of negatively and positvely keyed items
what are validity scales?
designed to specifically measure the degree to which people may be engaging in a particular type of response bias
what is a famous validity scale?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
what are the two scales of the MMPI?
L(ie) scale and F (infrequency) scale
what does it mean if someone has a high score on the L scale?
represents denial of these common characteristics which is indicative of social desirability bias
what does it mean if someone has a high score on the F scale?
a high score represents some form of deviant responding—random responding, malingering, acquiescence, or serious psychopathology
what tests are dedicated to the measurement of socially desirable responding?
the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the Balanced Inventory for Desirable Responding
what is the dot counting test?
designed to detect malingered cognitive impairment and malingering is suspected when it takes people just as long to count the grouped dots as the random dots
what are response sets?
are temporary and due to factors such as circumstances surrounding the testing or the test itself
what are response styles?
are considered relatively stable and enduring traits that are observed across tests and testing situations
