conceptual basis of validity

Question 1

what is validity?

Answer 1

the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 2

what is validity concerned with?

Answer 2

the proposed uses of the scores

Question 3

what is construct validity?

Answer 3

the degree to which test scores can be interpreted as reflecting a particular psychological construct

Question 4

what is content validity?

Answer 4

a test may be suggested to be associated with good content validity when the items cover the entire breadth of the construct

Question 5

what is face validity?

Answer 5

represents the degree to which the items associated with a measure appear to be related to the construct of interest

Question 6

what is factorial validity?

Answer 6

the number of dimensions measured by a test and whether the items are related to the dimensions of interest

Question 7

what is response processes?

Answer 7

there should be a close match between the psychological processes that the respondents actually use when completing a measure and the process that they should use

Question 8

what about associations with other variables and validity?

Answer 8

our understanding of test scores from a test will be shaped by the association between those scores and other measures or variables

Question 9

do we sometimes expect a particular pattern of associations?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

what is convergent evidence/validity?

Answer 10

the degree to which test scores are correlated with tests of similar constructs

Question 11

what is discriminant evidence/validity?

Answer 11

the degree to which test scores are uncorrelated with tests of unrelated constructs

Question 12

what is concurrent validity?

Answer 12

is said to be observed when the scores from one measure correlate in a theoretically meaningful way with the scores of another measure considered to be the gold standard

Question 13

what is predictive validity?

Answer 13

refers to the degree to which test scores are correlated with relevant variables that are measured at a future point in time

Question 14

what is consequential validity?

Answer 14

refers to the social/personal consequences associated with using a particular test

Question 15

what other types of validity do not fit as strongly within the construct/theory framework?

Answer 15

criterion, induction-construct development interplay, measurement as theory

Question 16

how do reliability and validity differ?

Answer 16

reliability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for validity but in the absence of reliability, there can be no possibility of validity