Respiratory Tract Infection Flashcards
name the conditions that affect the upper respiratory tract
coryza
pharyngitis
sinusitis
epiglottitis
what is coryza aka?
common cold
what is pharyngitis aka?
sore throat
name the conditions that affect the lower respiratory tract
acute bronchitis
acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
pneumonia
influenza
d: coryza
Acute viral infection of the nasal passages
symptoms of the common cold
sneezing
sore throat
mild fever
how is coryza spread?
droplets and fomites
name 2 complications of coryza
sinusitis
acute bronchitis
name 3 viruses that may cause a cold?
adenovirus
rhinovirus
respiratory syncytial virus
what is preceded by a common cold?
acute sinusitis
what is diphtheria?
an acute, highly contagious bacterial disease causing inflammation of the mucous membranes, formation of a false membrane in the throat that hinders breathing and swallowing, and potentially fatal heart and nerve damage by a bacterial toxin in the blood
why is acute epiglottitis in children life threatening?
causes obstruction to airways
symptoms of acute bronchitis
productive cough
fever
transient wheeze
what examinations might you do for acute bronchitis?
normal chest Xray
normal chest exam
treatment for acute bronchitis
paracetamol
fluids
what may make acute bronchitis more dangerous?
having a chronic lung disease
what is the incubation time for rhinoviruses?
1-5 days
what is the incubation time for Group A streptococci?
1-5 days
what is the incubation time for influenza and parainfluenza viruses?
1-4 days
what is the incubation time for RSV?
7 days
what is the incubation time for Pertussis?
7-21 days
what is the incubation time for diphtheria?
1-10 days
what is the incubation time for Epstein- Barr virus?
4-6 days
d: RSV
Respiratory syncytial virus
symptoms of acute exacerbated COPD
Respiratory Distress Wheeze Coarse crackles May be cyanosed In advanced disease – ankle oedema
name 2 antibiotics that may be used to treat exacerbation of COPD
doxycycline or amoxicillin
Name 2 other treatments for COPD that is acutely exacerbated
Bronchodilator inhalers
Short course of steroids in some cases
when do you refer to hospital for acute exacerbating COPD?
evidence of respiratory failure
not coping at home
what is done in hospital for acute exacerbation of COPD?
Measure arterial blood gases
CXR to look for other diseases
Give oxygen if has respiratory failure
symptoms of pneumonia
Malaise Anorexia Sweats Rigors Myalgia Arthralgia Headache Confusion Cough Pleurisy Haemoptysis Dyspnoea Preceding URTI Abdominal pain Diarrhoea
signs of pneumonia upon examination
Fever Rigors Herpes labialis Tachypnoea Crackles Rub Cyanosis Hypotension
how would you investigate pneumonia?
Blood culture Serology Arterial gases Full blood count Urea Liver function Chest X-ray
what marks pneumonia severity?
high CURB65 score Temperature < 35 or > 40 Cyanosis PaO2 < 8 kPa WBC < 4 or > 30 Multi-lobar involvement
what is the main pathogen that causes pneumonia?
Strep pneumoniae
d:mycoplasma
any of a group of small typically parasitic bacteria that lack cell walls and sometimes cause diseases
name the treatments for pneumonia
Antibiotics Amoxicillin Doxycycline (see “antibiotic man” for details) Oxygen Maintain SaO2 94-98 % or 88-92 % Fluids Bed rest No smoking
name the complications of pneumonia
Respiratory failure
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Death
if its hospital acquired pneumonia what cover is needed?
gram negative
if its aspiration pneumonia what cover is needed?
anaerobic cover
if its pneumonia caused by legionella what are the symptoms?
Chest symptoms may be minimal
GI disturbance is common
Confusion common
name some ways pneumonia can be prevented
Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines Over 65 Chronic chest or cardiac disease Diabetes Immunocompromised e.g. splenectomy Influenza vaccine Health care workers
