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Respiratory > Respiratory Tract Infection > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infection Flashcards

1
Q

name the conditions that affect the upper respiratory tract

A

coryza
pharyngitis
sinusitis
epiglottitis

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2
Q

what is coryza aka?

A

common cold

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3
Q

what is pharyngitis aka?

A

sore throat

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4
Q

name the conditions that affect the lower respiratory tract

A

acute bronchitis
acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
pneumonia
influenza

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5
Q

d: coryza

A

Acute viral infection of the nasal passages

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6
Q

symptoms of the common cold

A

sneezing
sore throat
mild fever

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7
Q

how is coryza spread?

A

droplets and fomites

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8
Q

name 2 complications of coryza

A

sinusitis

acute bronchitis

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9
Q

name 3 viruses that may cause a cold?

A

adenovirus
rhinovirus
respiratory syncytial virus

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10
Q

what is preceded by a common cold?

A

acute sinusitis

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11
Q

what is diphtheria?

A

an acute, highly contagious bacterial disease causing inflammation of the mucous membranes, formation of a false membrane in the throat that hinders breathing and swallowing, and potentially fatal heart and nerve damage by a bacterial toxin in the blood

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12
Q

why is acute epiglottitis in children life threatening?

A

causes obstruction to airways

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13
Q

symptoms of acute bronchitis

A

productive cough
fever
transient wheeze

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14
Q

what examinations might you do for acute bronchitis?

A

normal chest Xray

normal chest exam

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15
Q

treatment for acute bronchitis

A

paracetamol

fluids

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16
Q

what may make acute bronchitis more dangerous?

A

having a chronic lung disease

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17
Q

what is the incubation time for rhinoviruses?

A

1-5 days

18
Q

what is the incubation time for Group A streptococci?

A

1-5 days

19
Q

what is the incubation time for influenza and parainfluenza viruses?

A

1-4 days

20
Q

what is the incubation time for RSV?

A

7 days

21
Q

what is the incubation time for Pertussis?

A

7-21 days

22
Q

what is the incubation time for diphtheria?

A

1-10 days

23
Q

what is the incubation time for Epstein- Barr virus?

A

4-6 days

24
Q

d: RSV

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

25
Q

symptoms of acute exacerbated COPD

A 
Respiratory Distress
Wheeze
Coarse crackles
May be cyanosed
In advanced disease – ankle oedema
26
Q

name 2 antibiotics that may be used to treat exacerbation of COPD

A

doxycycline or amoxicillin

27
Q

Name 2 other treatments for COPD that is acutely exacerbated

A

Bronchodilator inhalers

Short course of steroids in some cases

28
Q

when do you refer to hospital for acute exacerbating COPD?

A

evidence of respiratory failure

not coping at home

29
Q

what is done in hospital for acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

Measure arterial blood gases
CXR to look for other diseases
Give oxygen if has respiratory failure

30
Q

symptoms of pneumonia

A 
Malaise
Anorexia
Sweats
Rigors
Myalgia
Arthralgia
Headache
Confusion
Cough
Pleurisy
Haemoptysis
Dyspnoea
Preceding URTI
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
31
Q

signs of pneumonia upon examination

A 
Fever
Rigors
Herpes labialis
Tachypnoea
Crackles
Rub
Cyanosis
Hypotension
32
Q

how would you investigate pneumonia?

A 
Blood culture
Serology
Arterial gases
Full blood count
Urea
Liver function
Chest X-ray
33
Q

what marks pneumonia severity?

A 
high CURB65 score
Temperature < 35 or  > 40
Cyanosis PaO2 < 8 kPa
WBC < 4 or > 30
Multi-lobar involvement
34
Q

what is the main pathogen that causes pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae

35
Q

d:mycoplasma

A

any of a group of small typically parasitic bacteria that lack cell walls and sometimes cause diseases

36
Q

name the treatments for pneumonia

A 
Antibiotics
Amoxicillin
Doxycycline
(see “antibiotic man” for details)
Oxygen
Maintain SaO2 94-98 % or 88-92 %
Fluids
Bed rest
No smoking
37
Q

name the complications of pneumonia

A

Respiratory failure
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Death

38
Q

if its hospital acquired pneumonia what cover is needed?

A

gram negative

39
Q

if its aspiration pneumonia what cover is needed?

A

anaerobic cover

40
Q

if its pneumonia caused by legionella what are the symptoms?

A

Chest symptoms may be minimal
GI disturbance is common
Confusion common

41
Q

name some ways pneumonia can be prevented

A 
Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines
Over 65
Chronic chest or cardiac disease
Diabetes
Immunocompromised
e.g. splenectomy
Influenza vaccine
Health care workers

Respiratory (27 decks)

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