Acid-Base Balance blood gas

Question 1

what is being regulated by the body? why?

Answer 1

hydrogen ion concentration

a lot of H+ produced by metabolism, needs to be excreted in urine, so urine is normally acidic

Question 2

what is the normal hydrogen concentration in urine?

Answer 2

35-45 nmol/L

Question 3

what is the really important buffer equation to remember? why?

Answer 3

H+ + HCO3-  H2CO3 CO2 + H2O

only temporarily reaches equilibrium

Question 4

why is bicarbonate so important?

Answer 4

Other buffer systems reach equilibrium

But carbonic acid (H2CO3) is removed as CO2

Question 5

what limits the buffer equation?

Answer 5

initial concentration of HCO3-

Question 6

what is the important rearrangement of the equation to know?

Answer 6

[H+] =k pCO2/ [HCO3-]

Question 7

what is the respiratory component of the equation?

Answer 7

pCO2

Question 8

what is the METABOLIC component of the equation?

Answer 8

HCO3-

Question 9

d: acidosis

Answer 9

a process tending to cause an increase in [H+]

Question 10

d: alkalosis

Answer 10

a process tending to cause decrease in [h+]

Question 11

what does the body do when you’ve got too much H+ ?

Answer 11

lungs blow of CO2

Question 12

what does the body do when you’ve got too much CO2?

Answer 12

kidneys get rid of H+

Question 13

what is the normal range for arterial blood pH?

Answer 13

7.35-7.45

Question 14

name some consequent diseases from respiratory acidosis?

Answer 14

pneumonia, emphysema, or congestive heart failure.

Question 15

name some consequent diseases from respiratory alkalosis

Answer 15

hyperventilation can be due to extreme emotional upset or fear, fever, infections, hypoxia
also aspirin overdose

Question 16

name 3 causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 16

impaired H+ excretion
increased H+ production/ ingestion
loss of HCO3-

Question 17

name 3 causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 17

loss of H+ in vomit
alkali ingestion
potassium deficiency