Paediatric Lung Disease Flashcards
What is a respiratory problem for premature babies?
relative surfactant deficiency
when is surfactant normally secreted in babies?
30-32 weeks
what does lack of surfactant lead to?
atelectasis
impairment of gas exchange
d:atelectasis
complete or partial collapse of lung
how can surfactant production be stimulated?
steroids
what will the babies chest sound like if no surfactant and lung has collapsed?
no breath sounds
What increases risks of pneumothorax in babies?
Increased incidence with IPPV, CPAP and ventilation
Other risk factors – RDS (stiff lungs)
Spontaneous - occurs in around 1% vaginal deliveries, 1.5% caesarean sections
When does a baby get diagnosed with chronic lung disease?
oxygen requirement beyond 36 weeks gestation
RDS
d: dextrocardia
apex of the heart is located at the right side of the body
congenital
What is a diaphragmatic hernia and how can it be fixed?
when one or more of your abdominal organs move upward into your chest through a defect (opening) in the diaphragm
respiratory support and surgery
what is transient tachypnoea?
very fast or labored breathing in the first few hours of life because of a lung condition called transient tachypnea
Name some clinical features that increase the probability of asthma in children?
One or more : wheeze, cough, chest tightness, difficulty breathing
Atopy(personal or family history)
Widespread wheeze on auscultation
Response to Rx
symptoms of bronchiolitis in babies
Tachypnoea, poor feeding, irritating cough
Apnoea in small babies
Increased incidence of wheezing episodes in the next ?10 years
what does a barking cough and stridor imply?
croup
how is croup treated and what is it?
Viral laryngotracheobronchitis
Treatment is oral steroid to reduce inflammation
