respiratory tract Flashcards
types of ear infections
1) otitis externa
2) otitis media
otitis externa
- ear canal inflammation
- pain, pus, drainage
- outside of ear drum
- due to abrasion (swimming)
otitis media
- middle ear infection
- fever, pain, less hearing
- children 3 years old
which bacteria causes otitis externa
pseudomonas aeruginosa
which bacteria causes otitis media
streptococcus pneumonia (aka pneumococcus)
which other bacteria can cause otitis media
- H influenza
- moraxella catarrhalis
virulence factor of H influenza
capsular polysaccharide
most common type of sinusitis
maxillary
steps to sinusitis
- obstruction
- infections
most cases of acute sinusitis are
viral, allergic, irritant
*NOT bacterial
epiglottitis presents with
- inspiratory stridor
- drooling
- sitting up
bacteria that causes epiglotitis
h influenza - children 100%, adults 25%
S penumonia
Group A strep
acute pneumonia
- lung parenchyma
- pus build up in lungs
- hospital > community
community AP bacteria
gram +
usually S penumonia
hospital AP bacteria
gram - usually bacilli (not S penumonia)
inapparent (silent) aspiration
caused by BACTERIA going down trachea
gross aspiration
caused by CHEMICAL
3 major syndromes of aspiration pneumonia
1) chemical pneumonitis
2) bronchial obstruction
3) bacterial
pneumonia is more likely to go on which side of the lungs
right side
bordetella pertussis
gram -
grows on Bordet gengou media
-causes wooping cough
virulence factor for b pertussis
pertussis toxin!
also filamentous hemagglutinin, endotoxin, etc.
3 stages of whooping cough
1) catarrhal/prodromal stage
2) paroxysmal stage
3) convalescent stage
diagnosis for b pertussis
1) nasopharyngeal swab
2) serum antibodies
treatment and prevention for b pertussis
erythromycin, vaccine
corynebacterium diphtheria species
- gram +
- can get it from wound exudate
c diphtheria EXOtoxin
- inhibits protein synthesis
- A: active, B: binding
- induces pseudomembrane formation
- can cause myocarditis
treatment and prevention for c diphtheria
- diphtheria antitoxin (DAT)
- antibiotics
vaccine (during convalescent period)
