respiratory tract

Question 1

types of ear infections

Answer 1

1) otitis externa

2) otitis media

Question 2

otitis externa

Answer 2

• ear canal inflammation
• pain, pus, drainage
• outside of ear drum
• due to abrasion (swimming)

Question 3

otitis media

Answer 3

• middle ear infection
• fever, pain, less hearing
• children 3 years old

Question 4

which bacteria causes otitis externa

Answer 4

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 5

which bacteria causes otitis media

Answer 5

streptococcus pneumonia (aka pneumococcus)

Question 6

which other bacteria can cause otitis media

Answer 6

• H influenza

- moraxella catarrhalis

Question 7

virulence factor of H influenza

Answer 7

capsular polysaccharide

Question 8

most common type of sinusitis

Answer 8

maxillary

Question 9

steps to sinusitis

Answer 9

• obstruction

- infections

Question 10

most cases of acute sinusitis are

Answer 10

viral, allergic, irritant

*NOT bacterial

Question 11

epiglottitis presents with

Answer 11

• inspiratory stridor
• drooling
• sitting up

Question 12

bacteria that causes epiglotitis

Answer 12

h influenza - children 100%, adults 25%
S penumonia
Group A strep

Question 13

acute pneumonia

Answer 13

• lung parenchyma
• pus build up in lungs
• hospital > community

Question 14

community AP bacteria

Answer 14

gram +

usually S penumonia

Question 15

hospital AP bacteria

Answer 15

gram -
usually bacilli (not S penumonia)

Question 16

inapparent (silent) aspiration

Answer 16

caused by BACTERIA going down trachea

Question 17

gross aspiration

Answer 17

caused by CHEMICAL

Question 18

3 major syndromes of aspiration pneumonia

Answer 18

1) chemical pneumonitis
2) bronchial obstruction
3) bacterial

Question 19

pneumonia is more likely to go on which side of the lungs

Answer 19

right side

Question 20

bordetella pertussis

Answer 20

gram -
grows on Bordet gengou media
-causes wooping cough

Question 21

virulence factor for b pertussis

Answer 21

pertussis toxin!

also filamentous hemagglutinin, endotoxin, etc.

Question 22

3 stages of whooping cough

Answer 22

1) catarrhal/prodromal stage
2) paroxysmal stage
3) convalescent stage

Question 23

diagnosis for b pertussis

Answer 23

1) nasopharyngeal swab

2) serum antibodies

Question 24

treatment and prevention for b pertussis

Answer 24

erythromycin, vaccine

Question 25

corynebacterium diphtheria species

Answer 25

• gram +

- can get it from wound exudate

Question 26

c diphtheria EXOtoxin

Answer 26

• inhibits protein synthesis
• A: active, B: binding
• induces pseudomembrane formation
• can cause myocarditis

Question 27

treatment and prevention for c diphtheria

Answer 27

• diphtheria antitoxin (DAT)
• antibiotics

vaccine (during convalescent period)