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DDS1-microbio > gi tract infections > Flashcards

gi tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

gastroenteritis

A

-colon and small intestine

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2
Q

enterocolitis

A

-colon

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3
Q

antibiotic associated diarrhea (colitis)

A

infection by C diff after antibiotics

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4
Q

commonly under reported food borne illnesses

A
  • salmonella
  • yersinia
  • campylobacter
  • shigella
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5
Q

salmonella mostly effects

A

children below age 9

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6
Q

campylobacter mostly effects

A

age 10 and up

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7
Q

two ways of transmission

A
  • fecal-oral

- foodborne or waterborne

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8
Q

foodborne or waterborne

A

contamination before processing

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9
Q

bacterial toxins

A
  • pre-formed

- in vivo

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10
Q

pre-formed toxin

A

food poisoning

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11
Q

bacteria that produce pre-formed toxin

A
  • staph aureus
  • clstridium botulinum
  • bacillus cereus
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12
Q

bacteria that produce toxin in vivo

A
  • Verotixin producing e coli
  • bacillus cereus (long incubation)
  • clostridium perfringens
  • c diff
  • vibrio cholerae
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13
Q

staph aureus

A
  • sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea in 1-6 hrs
  • gram + cocci clusters
  • inflammation of mucosa
  • low water absorption
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14
Q

treatment for staph aureus

A

spontaneous recovery with no treatment

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15
Q

B cereus

A
  • gram +
  • makes spores
  • vomiting and diarrhea
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16
Q

high risk foods for B cereus

A
  • meats and veggies
  • sauces
  • leftovers out too long
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17
Q

c diff

A
  • 10-30% of diarrhea diagnosed in hospital
  • after antibiotics
  • spores are highly resistant
  • rare in community
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18
Q

risk factors for c diff

A
  • antibiotics

- comorbidities

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19
Q

symptoms of c diff

A
  • diarrhea, cramps
  • psydomembranous colitis
  • toxic megacolon
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20
Q

c diff microbiology

A
  • Gram +
  • spores
  • obligate anaerobe
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21
Q

c diff toxins

A
  • A: enterotoxin
  • B: cytotoxin (direct damage to intestine cells)
  • binary
22
Q

antibiotic associated colitis (AAC) diagnosis

A
  • stool for toxin assay
  • pcr or elisa
  • endoscopy
23
Q

AAC treatment

A
  • stop antibiotic
  • ORAL metronidazole or vancomycin
  • fidaxomicin
  • fecal microbial transplantation
24
Q

which bacteria act via invasion, effacement, and inflammation

A
  • EHEC
  • E coli
  • v cholera
25
Q

EHEC

A
  • undercooked beef, unpasteruized food, contaminated water, raw veggies, farm animal contact
  • only need a few
26
Q

EHEC produce

A

shiga toxin (vero-toxin)

27
Q

symptoms of EHEC

A

cramps bloody diarrhea

28
Q

EHEC can lead to

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

-> kidney failure

29
Q

why should u NOT prescribe antibiotics with EHEC

A

cause bacteria to release more toxin

30
Q

major cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries

A

ETEC (enterotoxigenic E coli)

31
Q

leading cause of travelers diarrhea

A

ETEC

32
Q

leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries

A

EPEC

33
Q

major cause of bloody diarrhea in developing countries

A

EHEC

34
Q

causes outbreaks in developing countries

A

EIEC

35
Q

treatment for ETEC

A
  • fluid rehydration

- bismuth (pepto bismol)

36
Q

which bacteria cause enteritis by invasion

A
  • campylobacter jejuni
  • shigella
  • salmonella
  • EIEC
37
Q

campylobater jejuni

A
  • gram NEGATIVE
  • chicken and dairy
  • can lead to GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME
38
Q

salmonella

A
  • gram NEGATIVE

- can get fever

39
Q

major cause of enteritis

A

salmonella

40
Q

most reported case

A

campylobacter

41
Q

most underreported case

A

salmonella

42
Q

major symtom of shigella

A

blood diarrhea and fever

43
Q

shigella

A
  • gram NEGATIVE
  • only need a few to cause disease
  • lead to hospitalization
44
Q

most common cause of death due to bacterial enteritis

A

shigella

45
Q

treatment for shigella

A

antibiotics

46
Q

treatment for enteritis

A
  • rehydration!

- no antibiotics (exception..)!

47
Q

exceptions for antibiotics

A
  • shigella
  • bad campylobacter
  • c diff
  • immunocompromised
  • invasive
48
Q

should a person with verotoxin-producing e coli (EHEC) have antibiotics

A

NO!

49
Q

viruses that cause enteritis

A
  • calicivirus (norovirus, sapovirus)
  • rotavirus
  • adenovirus
  • astrovirus
50
Q

what causes 90% of all acute gastroenteritis in us

A

norovirus

51
Q

known as stomach flu

A

rotavirus

52
Q

which parasites can cause acute enteritis

A
  • giardia
  • crytosporidium
  • cyclospora
  • entamoeba histolytica

DDS1-microbio (10 decks)

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