orofacial bacterial infections Flashcards
dentoalveolar abscess
pus in structures surrounding teeth
periapical abscess
- originates in pulp
- secondary to caries and pulpitis
- bacterial invasion of alveolar bone
- most common in children
periodontal abscess
- PDL and alveolar bone
- most common in adults
reversible pulpitis
- mild
- caused by caries encroaching on pulp
- pain with hot/cold
- tx: resto
irreversible pulpitis
- if not treated
- severe
- pain is spontaneous, persistent, and poorly localized
- tx: root canal or ext
what can happen if the cellulitis is associated with upper teeth
risk of cavernous sinus thrombosis
periodontitis related abscess originates from
biofilm in PD pocket
non periodontitis related abscess
from another local source
- tooth is alive (vital pulp)
- physical blockage of PD pocket
what causes PD abscesses
gram NEG ANAEROBIC rods bacteria
if inflammed pulp is not treated, it leads to
necrosis => apical periodontitis
apical periodontitis
-pain is severe, spontaneous, persistent, and LOCALIZED to affected tooth
dry socket
alveolar osteitis
-anaerobic bacteria (halitosis) cause fibrinolysis
peri-implantitis
- periodontitis around implant
- causes bone loss
- plaque induced
- AA, p gingivalis, p intermedia, f nucleatum
osteomyelitis of the jaws
- polymicrobial
- alpha hemolytic strep
- anaerobic (peptostrep, fusobacterium, prevotella)
OM of the jaws following trauma
- staph epidermidis
- difficult to treat (treatment is prolonged)
deep fascial space infections usually arise from which teeth
lower 2nd and 3rd molars
deep fascial space infections - bacteria
normal oral flora
-anaerobic can be present
tx for deep fascial space infections
penicillin
-add clindamycin if anaerobic too
cavernous sinus thrombosis mechanism
- bacteria and clot travel towards the back from upper lip and face via ANTERIOR FACIAL VEIN
- or.. infection spreads from PTERYGOID SPACE VIA PTERYGOID PLEXUS OF VEINS
symptoms of cav sinus thromb
- eyelids swell
- eyeball protrusion
- dilated facial v
- restricted eyeball
- bleeding from retina
ludwig’s angina
- swelling of head and neck
- dentoalveolar infection *usually dental source of infection *usually 2nd and 3rd mand molars
- difficult breathing
- bilateral
- submand and subling involved
- begins in floor of mouth
non odontogenic bacterial infections of the oral cavity
- pericoronitis
- bacterial sialadenitis
- angular cheilitis
- ulcerative mucositis
- noma
ulcerative mucositis
- chemtotherapy associated
- bacteria and yeast
noma
- polymicrobial
- opportunistic in immunocompromised
pericoronitis
- food trapped behind 3rd molars
- strict anaerobic bacteria: p intermedia, anaerobic strep, fusobacteria, AA, tannerella forsythia
what can happen if drainage is interrupted in periocoronitis
infection spreads along fascial planes and go into soft tissue and bone
bacterial sialadenitis
- infection of salivary glands
- S aureus
- parotid: xerostomia
- submand: salivary stone blocks duct
angular cheilitis
- infection at corners of mouth/lips
- s aureus and candida (bacteria + yeast)
- use TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIALS
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- painful infection of gums
- trench mouth
- immunosuppression
- anaerobic bacteria (fusobacteria and spirochetes)
actinomyces species
- cause actinomycosis
- filamentous, gram +, avirulent, OPPORTUNISTIC, can cross tissue planes!
cervicofacial actinomycosis
- actinomyces species (A israelii)
- rock-hard induration
- drain spontaneously through the skin
