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DDS1-microbio > cardiovascular infections > Flashcards

cardiovascular infections Flashcards

1
Q

which types of infections are viral?

A
  • myocarditis

- pericarditis

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2
Q

which types of infections are bacterial and fungal

A

endocarditis

pericarditis can be bacterial

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3
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of the vein

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4
Q

true or false? endocarditis can be caused by a virus

A

false. endocarditis is NEVER caused by a virus. only bacteria and fungi

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5
Q

where do bacteria and fungi cause infection?

A
  • inside heart chamber

- valves

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6
Q

where do viruses cause infection?

A
  • outside of the heart (pericardium)

- in the heart muscle (myocarditis)

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7
Q

example of parasitic infection of the heart

A

american trypanosomiasis

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8
Q

myocarditis: what infiltrates the cardiac m

A

t lymphocytes

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9
Q

when should you use NSAIDS as a treatment?

a) myocarditis
b) pericarditis
c) endocarditis
d) both A and B

A

only b) pericarditis

*note: should not use NSAIDs for myocarditis

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10
Q

what virus causes myocarditis

A
  • MOSTLY enteroviruses (coxsackie B)
  • adeno virus
  • herpes
  • parvovirus
  • hiv
  • flu
  • also allergy, toxic, autoimmune
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11
Q

enteroviruses are

A
  • unenveloped
  • get it from food
  • worse in summer and fall
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12
Q

what causes pericarditis

A
  • enteroviruses (coxsackievirus, echovirus)
  • hiv
  • S. pneumonia, S. aureus
  • tuberculosis
  • rheumatic fever
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13
Q

chest pain due to viral infection is caused by

A

virus => inflammation

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14
Q

chest pain due to bacterial infection is caused by

A

bacteria => pus

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15
Q

symptoms of pericarditis

A
  • chest pain
  • shortness of breath when reclining
  • heart palpitations
  • fever
  • characteristic ECG changes
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16
Q

treatment for pericarditis

A
  • NSAIDS and steroids (viral)

- antibiotics and drainage of fluid (bacterial)

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17
Q

which is more severe? bacterial or viral pericarditis

A

bacterial

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18
Q

patient is at risk with arterial or ventricular septic defect?

A

ventricular

19
Q

predisposing factors for endocarditis

A
  • prosthetic valves
  • iv drug users
  • iv catheters
  • congenital heart disease
  • rheumatic fever (after strep throat)
20
Q

acute ie

A
  • sudden (2 weeks)
  • life threatening in few days
  • caused by S. aureus
21
Q

subacute ie

A
  • gradual (months)
  • subtle
  • can be life threatening but outcome is better
  • caused by a-streptococci and non-virulent bacteria
22
Q

most ie occurs on which side of heart

A

left

23
Q

IVDU occurs on which side of heart

A

right

24
Q

steps of ie

A
  • turbulence in blood bc damaged valve
  • non-bacterial thrombotic endo
  • bacteremia
  • vegetation
25
Q

infective endocarditis is the sum of

A

non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) + bacteria

26
Q

signs of acute endo

A
  • fever, chills
  • septic shock
  • peripheral manifestations and new/changing heart murmur
27
Q

types of peripheral manifestations for acute endo

A
  • splinter hemorrhages

- embolic (janeway lesions, infarctions of toes and fingers)

28
Q

symptoms of subacute endo

A
  • fatigue
  • fever, chills
  • weight loss
  • back pain
  • heart murmur
  • peripheral manifestations
  • SPLENOMEGALY (BIG SPLEEN)
  • ANEMIA (PALLOR)
29
Q

peripheral manifestations for subacute endo

A
  • splinter hemorrhages
  • petechiae
  • Osler’s nodes
  • Roth spots! (on retina)
30
Q

causes of endo

A
  • viridans alpha streptococci
  • entercocci
  • S. aureus
  • coagulase-neg staph
  • HACEK group
31
Q

HACEK

A 
Hemophilus
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella
32
Q

complications of endo

A
  • congestive heart failure (CHF)
  • perivalvular abscess
  • arrhythmias
  • heart block
  • myocardial infarction
  • tamponade
  • cardiac fistulas
33
Q

neurological consequences of endo

A
  • new stroke with fever
  • mycotic aneurysms
  • meningitis
  • intracranial hemorrhage
34
Q

blood cultures for testing endo

A
  • 3 sets

- streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci

35
Q

what are the two ways of diagnostic testing for IE

A
  • blood culture

- echocardiography

36
Q

TTE (trans thoracic echo)

A

-low sensitivity

37
Q

TEE (trans esophageal echo)

A

high sensitivity

38
Q

which ones are specific for echo

A
  • vegetations
  • abscess
  • new prosthetic valve dehiscence
39
Q

which ones are non- specific for echo

A

-new regurgitation or obstruction

40
Q

treatment for IE

A
  • microbicidal

- surgery for specific situations

41
Q

when to use prophylaxis with dental procedure

A
  • prosthetic cardiac valve
  • previous IE
  • CHD
  • cardiac transplant
42
Q

which types of procedure should you use prophylaxis

A
  • MANIPULATION OF GINGIVAL TISSUE
  • THE PERIAPICAL REGION OF TEETH
  • PERFORATION OF ORAL MUCOSA
43
Q

main antimicrobial agent for dental procedure

A

amoxicillin

44
Q

symptoms of myocarditis

A
  • various degrees of CHF
  • chest pain
  • arrhythmias
  • heart block
  • sudden death

DDS1-microbio (10 decks)

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