Respiratory Tract Flashcards
Function of the nose
Air drawn in where it is warmed, moistened and filtered.
Function of the pharynx
3
Passage for air and food.
Resonating chamber for speech and sound.
Tonsils which participate in immunoglobulin reactions against foreign bodies.
How long is the pharynx and where does it extend down to
13cm long.
Extends down to cricoid cartilage of larynx.
Function of the larynx. 5
- Production of sound
- Speech
- Protection of lower respiratory tract when swallowing.
- Passageway for air from pharynx to trachea.
- Continues to humidify, filter and warm inspired air.
State the location of the larynx
Midline of neck anterior to 4-6th cervical vertebrae.
Function of the epiglottis and location 2
- Top of larynx
2. Open for breathing, shut for swallowing by upward movement of larynx.
What is the Function of the trachea. 4
Support and patency. Mucociliary escalator. Cough reflex. Warming, humidifying, filtering air.
What is the structure of trachea.
16-20 incomplete c shaped rings of cartilage laying ontop of each other. Incomplete part of c faces oesophagus.
Outer elastic and fibrous. Middle cartilages and smooth muscle. Inner lined with ciliated columnar epithelium containing goblet cells
What is the Structure of bronchi. 2
Rigid and patent
What is the Function of bronchi
Carry air from trachea into lungs
What is the Structure of bronchioles
Flexible
What is the Function of bronchioles
Carry o2 to alveoli
What is the Structure of lungs
Come shaped spongy organs situated either side of the mediastinum within the thoracic cavity
Where is the parietal layer of the lungs? And what is the covering of the lung known as? What is the between of the layers known as?
Inside layer (thoracic cage) parietal pleura (outside attached to rib cage). Covering of lung (visceral pleura). Between two layers in health potential space (pleural space)
Function of lungs 2
Bring o2 into body and remove co2
Function of pleura
Prevents friction between the membranes allowing them to slide over each other
Structure of pleura 4.
- Serous membrane surrounding lungs.
- Closed sac forming an inner and outer layer.
- Visceral pleura firmly attached to surface of lungs composed of a deep layer of serous membrane.
- Parietal layer outer layer of serous pleural membrane that encloses and protects each lung. Lines wall of thoracic cavity.
Function of serous fluid
Prevents friction between membranes during breathing.
Structure of serous fluid
Lubricating fluid
Where is the pleural cavity
The space between the parietal and visceral pleura contains serous fluid
Describe the mechanism of ventilation 2
gases are exchanged between atmosphere and alveolus. Pressure inside alveoli with respect to atmosphere is changed by changes in the size of the lungs.
How does lung volume change in mechanism of ventilation? 5
- Diaphragm is the sheet of muscle that separates thoracic from abdominal cavity.
- Dome shaped in relaxed form.
- When it contracts it flattens, thoracic cavity increased resulting in less pressure.
- Diaphragmatic activity is responsible for 75% of air entry.
- Inspiration in initiated by phrenic nerve originating in c3-5
What happens during inspiration? 3.
- Alterations in shape of rib cage.
- Intercostals pull rib cage outwards and upwards.
- Further Increase in volume of thoracic cavity takes place under influence of external intercostals
Structure of the nose
Made up of hyaline cartilage
What does the larynx house? 5
3 single cartilages (thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid) and 3 paired cartilages (arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate)
How long is the trachea and what is its diameter
12cm long 2.5cm in diameter.
What is the location of the trachea
From larynx to 5th thoracic vertebrae.
