Cells & Tissues Flashcards
Define physiology
Function
What is pathophysiology
Study of disease and its causes
What are the four components that make up the structure of matter
Atoms.
molecules.
organic matter
inorganic matter
What is the structure of atoms
3
Protons P+
neutrons No
electrons E*
What is the structure of molecules
H+H. =H2
What is the structure of compounds
C + 2H2 = CH4
Define a cell
Basic building block
Label a diagram of a basic cell
Section 7.1 page 1
What does the plasma membrane do
surrounds the cell. forms a semipermeable barrier around the cell.
Only small particles such as water and oxygen molecules are able to pass through into or out of the cell. Larger particles such as protein molecules are unable to pass through
What is the cytoplasm
Fluid substance contained within the plasma membrane, surrounding and supporting the other structures of the cell interior
What does mitochondria do
Produces energy with use of O2 and glucose. Gets rid of waste products like CO2 by process of diffusion
What is the nucleus
Spherical body contained within the plasma membrane. Largest structure in the cell. It contains the information genes (DNA) which determine cellular structure and function
What are the cells functions determined by
Genetic material contained within the nucleus
How are nerve impulses pass from one cell to another
Nerve cells have long extensions of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm enabling no impulses to be passed from one cell to another
Describe the cells lining the respiratory tract
They have numerous hair like projections of the plasma membrane which produces motion in the mucus covering the lining of the tract
What are ribersomes concerned with
Protein production
What are the four components that make up cell structure
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organelles
What are the requirements for cell to successfully function
Oxygen
Nutrition
Water
What requires the presence of oxygen
Most of the bodies chemical activities which take place within the body cells
Why the cells require food or nutrition
In order to produce energy, build and repair cells and provide raw materials for chemical synthesis
Why does cells require water
What is the medium for chemical activity within the body
What are the two types of cell transport systems
Passive and active
What does the passive cell transport system include
Diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion
What does the active cell transport system include
Channels
endocytosis/exocytosis
Phagocytosis
What is Exocytosis
The expulsion of waste products
What is endocytosis
Where materials move into the cell
What is osmosis
What crosses the semipermeable membrane from high to low concentration
What is facilitated diffusion
Where large molecules can’t simply diffuse it uses integral membrane proteins to aid across
What is active cell transport system
Where it uses ATPor energy to transport something
What is phagocytosis
Where a cell absorbs a larger particle
What are the four kinds of tissue
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What is epithelial tissue? 7
Covering and lining.
Protection of underlying structures. Secretion. Absorption. Simple. Stratified. Pseudostratified
What does the connective tissue do? 4
Binding and structural support. Protection. Transport. Insulation
What is nervous tissue
Also known as neurons they are supported by a type of connective-tissue. Neurolgia.
What does the muscle tissue do
contract and produce motion
Give two examples of epithelial tissue
Endocrine glands. Exocrine glands
Give three examples of connective-tissue
Cartilage.
Bone.
Blood.
What is the function of nervous tissue
Receive stimuli from both inside and outside the body and relay them to the brain and to transmit impulses from the brain to other tissues of the body
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal or voluntary muscle.
Smooth or involuntary muscle.
Cardiac muscle
Where is smooth-muscle found
Digestive tract and blood vessels
What is connective-tissue like in its matter? 4
Fluid, gel like, fibrous or rigid material
Define anatomy
Structure
What is simple epithelium? 5
Single layer of cells. Squamous. Cuboidal. Columnar Ciliates columnar
What are the 10 organ systems
Integumentary. Muscular. Skeletal. Nervous. Endocrine. Lymphatic. Cardio. Digestive. Urinary. Reproductive
What are the four types of abnormal cell?
Uncontrolled cell multiplication.
Tumour or neoplasm.
Benign.
Malignant.
What is the function of glands?
To secrete substances
What do endocrine glands do?
Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream.
What do exocrine glands do?
Secrete enzymes like mucous etc via a duct or directly onto a free surface
Define an organ
A combination of tissues forming a structure which carries out specialised function
Define a system
A group of structures or organs which work together to carry out essential specialised functions
