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Medical Terminology > Respiratory Terms > Flashcards

Respiratory Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Nose, nares, cavity separated by septum

A

Nasal Cavity

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2
Q

Throat, cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth

A

Pharynx

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3
Q

Voice organ, containing the vocal cords

A

Larynx

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4
Q

Windpipe (Back to back with esophagus)

A

Trachea

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5
Q

Two cone-shaped spongy organs consisting of alveoli, blood vessels, nerves, and elastic tissue. Each is enveloped in a double-faced membrane called the pleura

A

Lung

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6
Q

The serous membrane that lines the thoracic (chest) cavity

A

Parietal pleura

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7
Q

Membrane that covers the lungs. This membrane and the parietal membrane are close together. Between them is a thin film of lubricating fluid that prevents friction when they slide against each other

A

Visceral pleura

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8
Q

One of the larger passages conveying air to (right or left principal lobe) and within the lungs

A

Bronchus

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9
Q

One of the subdivisions of the branched bronchial tree

A

Broncioles

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10
Q

A small sac-like dilation (outpocketing) of the alveolar ducts

A

Alveolus

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11
Q

Muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in teh process of breathing

A

Diaphragm

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12
Q

A localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissue (Tissue irritation of breakdown of tissue)

A

Abscess (lung)

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13
Q

Accumulation of carbon deposits in the lung due to breathing smoke or coal dust, AKA black lung disease

A

Anthracosis

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14
Q

Adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome, very difficult to get rid of

A

ARDS

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15
Q

Lung disease cause by inhaling asbestos particles. Associated with development of mesothelioma, a type of lung cancer. Lungs sound like velcro when listened through the stethiscope

A

Asbestosis

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16
Q

Suffocation

A

Asphyxiation

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17
Q

Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction. (You must treat quickly, the longer you wait the harder it is to fix)

A

Asthma

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18
Q

Incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth, or collapse of the adult lung

A

Atelectasis

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19
Q

Abnormally slow breathing

A

Bradypnea

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20
Q

Chronic dilation of one or more bronchi, excessive mucus

A

Bronchiectasis

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21
Q

Inflammation of one or more bronchi

A

Bronchitis

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22
Q

Lung disease resulting from inhaling cotton, flax, or hemp, AKA brown lung disease

A

Byssinosis

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23
Q

A malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases

A

Carcinoma

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24
Q

A respiratory infection cause by spore inhalation of Coccidioides immitis, varying in severity from that of a common cold to symptoms resembling those of influenza. AKA Valley fever

A

Coccidiodomycosis

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25
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary (lung) disease, especially emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma

A

COPD

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26
Q

Heart failure from pulmonary disease, COPD

A

Cor Pulmonale

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27
Q

Profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose. The common cold

A

Coryza

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28
Q

A forceful expiration preceded by a preliminary inhalation. Usually caused by irritation of the airways from dust, smoke, infection, or mucus. Can be described as croupy, rasping, harsh, hollow, loose, dry, productive, brassy, bubbly, or wracking.

A

Cough

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29
Q

Generalized hereditary disorder of infants, children, and young adults associated with malfunctioning of the pancreas and frequent respiratory infections

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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30
Q

Defect in the wall between the nostrils that can cause partial or complete obstruction

A

Deviated septum

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31
Q

An acute bacterial infection primarily affecting the membranes of the nose, throat, or larynx accompanied by fever and pain

A

Diphtheria

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32
Q

Escape of a fluid; Exudation or transudation

A

Effusion

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33
Q

A pathologic accumulation of air in tissue or organs

A

Emphysema

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34
Q

Hemorrhage from the nose; Nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

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35
Q

The act of spitting out saliva or coughing up material from the lungs

A

Expectorant

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36
Q

Formation of fibrous or scar tissue (in lungs) usually caused by previous infections

A

Fibrosis

37
Q

Chest wall move paradoxically with respiration, owing to multiple fractures of the ribs

A

Flail chest

38
Q

Popular name for influenza

A

Flu

39
Q

A hypertensive state, e.g., allergy to pollen

A

Hay fever

40
Q

Blood in the pleural thoracic cavity

A

Hemothorax

41
Q

Protrusion of part of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus defect of the diaphragm (Happens to babies)

A

Hiatal hernia

42
Q

Sharp respiratory sound with spasm of the glottis and diaphragm

A

Hiccup

43
Q

Fungal infection of lungs, may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, resembling TB

A

Histoplasmosis

44
Q

Glossy, translucent. (Lining of the lungs)

A

Hyaline

45
Q

Lack of surfactant due to a layer of hyaline material lining the alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles. Leading cause of neonatal deaths

A

Hyaline membrane disease

46
Q

An acute viral infection of the respiratory tract; Serious for the very young and old

A

Influenza

47
Q

Inflammation of the larynx

A

Laryngitis

48
Q

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

A

Laryngotracheaobronchitis

49
Q

Pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have gone to a localized area to fight infection

A

Lung Abscess

50
Q

Acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by bacterium ‘Bordetella pertusis’. AKA whopping cough

A

Pertussis

51
Q

Any lung disease, e.g., anthracosis, silicosis, caused by permanent deposition of substantial amounts of particulate matter in the lungs

A

Pneumoconiosis

52
Q

A collection of gas or air in the pleural cavity, resulting from a perforation through the chest wall or the visceral pleura

A

Pneumothorax

53
Q

Inflammation of the nasal membrane; Runny nose

A

Rhinitis Rhinorrhea

54
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome or crib death; Cause unknown. Associated failure of synapse of nerves to activate the diaphragm

A

SIDS

55
Q

Inflammation of a sinus

A

Sinusitis

56
Q

Spasmodic contraction of muscles causing air to be expelled forcefully through the nose and mouth

A

Sneeze

57
Q

Sore throat caused by the spore bacteria ‘Streptococcus’ AKA Strep throat

A

Streptococcal Throat

58
Q

Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils

A

Tonsilitis

59
Q

An infectious disease, marked by tubercles and caseous necrosis in tissue of the lung (These patients are in a negative pressure room)

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

60
Q

Upper respiratory infection, general term for colds or flu

A

URI

61
Q

A high-pitched, whistling sound from air movement through narrowed bronchioles during exhalation; Symptom of asthma and COPD

A

Wheezing

62
Q

A medication that can be sprayed for a container to relieve bronchial distress, especially asthma

A

Aerosol

63
Q

Without oxygen

A

Anoxia

64
Q

Temporary cessation of breathing; asphxia

A

Apnea

65
Q

A division into two branches, e.g., bronchi

A

Bifurcation

66
Q

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gasses in the blood

A

Blood gases

67
Q

An agent capable of dilating the brochi

A

Bronchodilator

68
Q

An instrument for inspection the bronchi

A

Bronchoscope

69
Q

Lung examination using a bronchoscope

A

Brochoscopy

70
Q

Spasmodic contraction of bronchi muscles, as in asthma

A

Bronchospasm

71
Q

Breathing characterized by waxing and waning of the depth of respiration: the patient breathes deeply a short time and then breathes slightly or stops altogether. The cycle repeats

A

Cheyne-Stokes

72
Q

An odorless, colorless gas resulting from oxidation of carbon, formed in the tissues and eliminated by the lungs

A

Carbon Dioxide

73
Q

Solidification of lung tissue, as in pneumonia

A

Consolidation

74
Q

Artificial means of providing circulation and breathing during cardiac and respiratory arrest

A

CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

75
Q

A blueish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood

A

Cyanosis

76
Q

Voice impairment; Difficulty speaking. Could be from a viral infection or wrong intubation)

A

Dysphonia

77
Q

Labored or difficult breathing

A

Dyspnea

78
Q

An airway catheter inserted in the trachea during surgery and for a temporary airway in emergency situations

A

Endotracheal (ET) tube

79
Q

An agent that promotes expectoration (loosening of secretions)

A

Expectorant

80
Q

The spitting of blood or of blood-stained sputum (from the lungs)

A

Hemoptysis

81
Q

A gap (opening), especially in the diaphragm

A

Hiatus

82
Q

Part of lung where vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter

A

Hilus

83
Q

An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

Hypecapnea

84
Q

Increased rate and/or depth of respiration, e.g., from anxiety

A

Hyperventilation

85
Q

The process of rendering hyposensitive, e.g., exposing a patient to an offending substance to reduce his or her sensitivity to the substance

A

Hyposensitization

86
Q

Insufficient oxygen

A

Hypoxia

87
Q

Intermittent positive pressure breathing, used as treatment with ventilation

A

IPPB

88
Q

Gasping, labored breathing, AKA air hunger

A

Kussmaul breathing

89
Q

Excision of the larynx

A

Laryngectomy

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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