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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Alveolar

A

Pertaining to the tiny air sacs of the lungs

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1
Q

ARDS

A

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome; acute lung injury characterized by coughing and rales; inflammation of the lungs which become stuff and fibrous and cannot exchange oxygen

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2
Q

Alveolus

A

A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

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3
Q

Anoxia

A

Lack or absence of oxygen; a deficiency of oxygen in tissues and organs

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4
Q

antihistamine

A

a medicine used to treat allergies and hypersensitive reactions and colds; works by counteracting the effects of histamine on a receptor site

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5
Q

antitussive

A

any medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing

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6
Q

aphasia

A

inability to use or understand language(spoken or written) because of a brain lesion

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7
Q

aphasic

A

someone affected by aphasia or inability to use or understand language

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8
Q

aphonia

A

a disorder of the vocal organs that results in the loss of voice

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9
Q

apnea

A

transient cessation of respiration

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10
Q

asphyxiation

A

the condition of being deprived of oxygen(as by having breathing stopped); “asphyxiation is sometimes used as a form of torture”

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11
Q

asthma

A

respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin

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12
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of an expanded lung(especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth

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13
Q

auditory tube

A

either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum

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14
Q

bradypnea

A

an abnormal slowness of breathing

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15
Q

bronchi

A

either of the two branches of the trachea that extend into the lungs

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16
Q

bronchial

A

relating to or associated with the bronchi; “bronchial tubes”; “bronchial pneumonia”

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17
Q

bronchiole

A

any of the smallest ducts; ending in alveoli

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18
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of the bronchial tubes

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19
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles

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20
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes

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21
Q

bronchodilator

A

a drug that relaxes and dilates the bronchial passageways and improves the passages of air into the lungs

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22
Q

bronchogram

A

radiography of the brachial tree made after the introduction of a radiopaque substance

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23
Q

bronchography

A

radiation of the bronchial tubes after the introduction of a radiopaque medium into the bronchi

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24
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

pneumonia characterized by the acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles

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25
Q

bronchopulmonary

A

relating to the bronchial tubes and the lungs

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26
Q

bronchoscope

A

a slender tubular instrument used to examine the baronial tubes

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27
Q

bronchoscopic

A

of or relating to an instrument for examining the interior of the bronchi

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28
Q

bronchoscopy

A

a slender tubular instrument with a small light on the end for inspection of the interior of the bronchi

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29
Q

bronchus

A

either of the two main branches of the trachea

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30
Q

carcinoma of the lung

A

.

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31
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; a term used to describe chronic lung diseases, like chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma

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32
Q

decongestant

A

a drug that decreases pulmonary congestion

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33
Q

diaphragm

A

a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respiration

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34
Q

dysphasia

A

an impairment of language(especially speech production) that is usually due to brain damage

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35
Q

dysphonia

A

speech disorder attributable to a disorder of phonation

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36
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored respiration

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37
Q

edema

A

swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities

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38
Q

embolism

A

occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus(a loose clot or air bubble or other particle)

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39
Q

effusion

A

Escape of fluid

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40
Q

embolus

A

an abnormal particle(e.g. an air bubble or part of a clot) circulating in the blood

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41
Q

emphysema

A

an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age

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42
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

the insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ

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43
Q

epiglottis

A

a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing

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44
Q

esophagus

A

the passage between the pharynx and the stomach

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45
Q

eupnea

A

normal relaxed breathing

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46
Q

Eustachian tube

A

either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum

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47
Q

exhalation

A

the act of expelling air from the lungs

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48
Q

expiration

A

the act of expelling air from the lungs

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49
Q

glottis

A

the vocal apparatus of the larynx; the true vocal folds and the space between them where the voice tone is generated

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50
Q

Heimlich maneuver

A

an emergency procedure to help someone who is choking because food is lodged in the trachea

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51
Q

hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity(the space between the lungs and the walls of the chest)

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52
Q

hyperpnea

A

energetic(deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders

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53
Q

hyperventilation

A

an increased depth and rate of breathing greater than demanded by the body needs; can cause dizziness and tingling of the fingers and toes and chest pain if continued

54
Q

hypoxia

A

oxygen deficiency causing a very strong drive to correct the deficiency

55
Q

influenza

A

an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease

56
Q

inhalation

A

the act of inhaling; the drawing in of air(or other gases) as in breathing

57
Q

inspiration

A

the act of inhaling; the drawing in of air)or other gases) as in breathing

58
Q

laryngalgia

A

pain in the larynx

59
Q

laryngeal

A

of or relating to or situated in the larynx

60
Q

laryngeal polyp

A

a polyp projecting from the surface of one of the vocal cords

61
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx; characterized by hoarseness or loss of voice and coughing

62
Q

laryngopharynx

A

the lower part of the pharynx

63
Q

laryngoscopy

A

a tubular endoscope that is inserted into the larynx through the mouth and used for observing the interior of the larynx

64
Q

larynx

A

a cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech

65
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body(as the lung or brain)

66
Q

lung biopsy

A

a test to obtain a specimen of pulmonary tissue for histologic examination to diagnose pulmonary parenchymal disease, including carcinoma, granuloma, lung diseases caused by toxic exposure, sarcoidosis, and infection

67
Q

mucolytic

A

denoting orpertaining to enzymes that break down mucus

68
Q

nares

A

an external opening in the nasal cavity of a vertebrate; a nostril

69
Q

nasal

A

of or in or relating to the nose; “nasal passages”

70
Q

nasal cannula

A

a small flexible tube inserted into a body cavity for draining off fluid or introducing medication

71
Q

nasal polyp

A

a rounded, elongated piece of pulpy, dependent mucosa that projects into the nasal cavity

72
Q

nasal septum

A

a partition of bone and cartilage between the nasal cavities

73
Q

nasopharyngeal

A

of or relating to or located near the nasopharynx

74
Q

nasotracheal intubation

A

tracheal intubation through the nose

75
Q

orotracheal intubation

A

tracheal intubation through the mouth

76
Q

orthopnea

A

form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or siting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris

77
Q

orthopneic

A

relating to or characterized by orthopnea

78
Q

otopharyngeal

A

of, relating to, or characterizing the middle ear and the pharynx

79
Q

oximeter

A

a measuring instrument that measures the oxygen in arterial blood

80
Q

paracentesis

A

centesis of the belly to remove fluid for diagnois

81
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

mucosa-lined air cavities in bones of the skull, communicating with the nasal cavity and including ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoidal sinuses

82
Q

paroxysmal

A

accompanied by or of the nature of paroxysms(a sudden attack, recurrence, or intensification of a disease)

83
Q

percutaneous biopsy

A

biopsy in which tissue is obtained by puncture of a tumor, the tissue within the lumen of the needle being detached by rotation, and the needle withdrawn

84
Q

pharyngeal

A

of or relating to the troat

85
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the fauces and pharynx

86
Q

pharynx

A

the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the chin and above the collarbone

87
Q

phrenic

A

of or relating to the diaphragm

88
Q

pleura

A

the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest

89
Q

pleural

A

of or relating to the pleura or the walls of the thorax

90
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura of the lungs(especially the parietal layer)

91
Q

pleuritis

A

pleurisy

92
Q

pneumatic

A

of or relating to or using air(or a similar gas)

93
Q

pneumectomy

A

surgical removal of a lung

94
Q

pneumocardial

A

relating to the heart and lungs

95
Q

pneumocentesis

A

paracentesis of the lung

96
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

chronic respiratory disease caused b inhaling metallic or mineral particles

97
Q

pneumohemothorax

A

an accumulation of air and blood in the pleuralcavity

98
Q

pneumonectomy

A

surgical removal of the lung(usually to treat lung cancer)

99
Q

pneumonia

A

respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma(excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants

100
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lungs; caused by a virus or an allergic reaction

101
Q

pneumothorax

A

abnormal presenc of air in the pleural caity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous(due to injury to the chest) or induced(as a treatment for TB)

102
Q

pulmonary

A

relating to or affecting the lungs

103
Q

pulmonary edema

A

a condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs, usually because the heart’s left ventricle does not pump adequately

104
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage of the pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by a blood clot

105
Q

pulmonic

A

relating to or affecting the lungs

106
Q

pulmonologist

A

one who studies diseases of the respiratory system

107
Q

respiration

A

the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs

108
Q

respiratory

A

pertaining to respiration

109
Q

rhinitis

A

an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose(usually associated with nasal discharge)

110
Q

rhinoplasty

A

cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of your nose

111
Q

rhinorrhea

A

persistent watery mucus discharge from the nose(as in the common cold)

112
Q

SARS

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome; a respiratory disease of unknown etiology that appartently originated in mainland China in 2003; characterized by fever and coughing or difficulty breathing or hypoxia; can be fatal

113
Q

silicosis

A

a lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica or quartz or slate

114
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of all of the paranasal sinuses

115
Q

spirometry

A

the use of a spirometer to measure vital capacity

116
Q

sputum

A

expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it was believed to caused sluggisness

117
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome; a fatal syndrome that affects sleeping infants under a year old, characterized by a sudden cessation of breathing and thought to be caused by the central nervous system

118
Q

tachypnea

A

abnormally rapid breathing or respiration

119
Q

thoracentesis

A

removal of fluid from the chest by centesis for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

120
Q

thoracic

A

of or relating to the chest or thorax

121
Q

thoracocentesis

A

removal of fluid from the chest by centesis for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

122
Q

thorax

A

the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in the other vertebrates

123
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin

124
Q

trachea

A

membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi

125
Q

tracheal

A

relating to or resembling or functioning like a trachea

126
Q

tracheobronchial

A

of, pertaining to, or affecting the trachea and bronchi

127
Q

tracheostomy

A

a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes

128
Q

tracheotomy

A

surgical incision of the trachea through the neck, as to make an artificial opening for breathing

129
Q

tubercle

A

a swelling that is the characteristic lesion to TB

130
Q

transtracheal

A

“Through the trachea” Often a more efficient way of oxygen administration

131
Q

ventilator

A

a device that facilitates breathing in cases of respiratory failure

132
Q

wheeze

A

breathing with a husky or whistling sound; breathe with difficulty

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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