Chapter 6 Flashcards
Hematopoiesis
Blood production
Orthopedics
Prevention and Correction of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Orthopedist
Treats musculoskeletal disorders in people of all ages
Musculoskeletal
Pertaining to the muscles and the skeleton
Crani/o
Cranium; Skull
Cost/o
Costa; Rib
Stern/o
Sternum; Breastbone
Rachi/o, Spin/o
Spine; Backbone
Spondyl/o, vertebr/o
Vertebrae; Spinal bones
Cervic/o
Cervical vertebrae
Thorac/o
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumb/o
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacr/o
Sacrum
Coccyg/o
Coccyx
Clavicul/o
Clavicle; Collarbone
Scapul/o
Scapula; Shoulder blade
Humer/o
Humerus; Upper arm bone
Radi/o
Radius
Uln/o
Ulna
Carp/o
Carpals; Wrist bones
Metacarp/o
Metacarpals; Bones of the hands
Phalang/o
Phalanges; Bones of the fingers
Pelv/i
Bones of the pelvis
ili/o
Ilium
Ischi/o
Ischium
Pub/o
Pubis
Femor/o
Femur; Thigh bone
Patell/o
Patella; Kneecap
Fibul/o
Fibula
Tibi/o
Tibia
Tars/o
Tarsals; Ankle bones
Calcane/o
Calcaneus; Heel bone
Metatars/o
Metatarsals; Bones of the feet
Phalang/o
Phalanges; Bones of the toes
How many Cervical Vertebrae are there?
Seven (7)
How many Thoracic Vertebrae are there?
Twelve (12)
How many Lumbar Vertebrae are there?
Five (5)
How many Sacral Vertebrae are fused to make the Sacrum?
Five (5)
How many Coccygeal Vertebrae are fused to make the Coccyx?
Four (4)
Where do the ribs start in respect to the vertebrae?
T1, First Thoracic
How many ‘True Ribs’ are there?
Seven (7), 1-7
How many ‘False Ribs’ are there?
Five (5), 8-12
How many ‘Floating Ribs’ are there?
Two (2), 11-12
Ankyl/o
Stiff
Arthr/o
Articulation, Joint
-asthenia
Weakness
Burs/o
Bursa
Calc/i
Calcium
Cellul/o
Little cell or compartment
Chondr/o
Cartilage
De-
Down, From, or Reversing
-sarcoma
Malignant tumor of connective tissue
Ten/o, Tend/o, Tendin/o
Tendon
Cartilage
Specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic but strong and that can withstand considerable pressure or tension.
Chondral
Pertaining to cartilage
Fascia
Fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles.
Tendons
Bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones.
Articulation
Joint (Place of union between two or more bones)
Synovial joints
Joints covered with cartilage surrounded by synovial membrane (synovium)
Synovial membrane
Secretes synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and makes it freely movable.
Bursae
Sacs of fluid located in areas of friction, especially in the joints.
Extension
Straightens the limb
Flexion
Bends the limb
Rotation
Movement of a bone around its own axis
Circumduction
Circular movement of a limb at the far end
Fibromyalgia
Characterized by widespread non-articular pain of the torso, extremities, and face.
Myofibrosis
Tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue
Myasthenia gravis
Characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses.
Dislocation
Displacement of a bone from a joint
Fracture
Fx; Breaking of a bone, usually from sudden injury
Sprain
Injury to a joint that causes pain and disablility
Strain
Excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured or trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction or excessive force
Myocele
Condition in which muscle protrudes through its fascial covering
Tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon
Herniated Disk
A disk between the vertebrae become diseased, or ruptured. This can press on the spinal cord or on a spinal nerve and cause pain.
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower portion of the body and of both legs.
Quadriplegia/Tetraplegia
Paralysis of the arms and legs.
Paresis
Motor weakness or partial paralysis
Paraparesis
Partial paralysis of the lower limbs
Quadriparesis/Tetraparesis
Partial paralysis of all four limbs
Cellulitis
Acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues
Myocellulitis
Acute, spreading inflammation of the muscles
Osteitis
Inflammation of bone and may be caused by infection, degeneration, or trauma.
Osteochondritis
Inflammation of bone and cartilage and tends to attack the bone-forming centers of the skeleton
Bone marrow aspiration
Taken from the posterior iliac crest. Cells and fluid are suctioned from the bone marrow, and results can provide important information about bone marrow function.
Sarcomas
Cancers that arise from connective tissue (muscle or bone) and in general are malignant tumors.
Chondrosarcoma
Composed of masses of cartilage
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant tumor containing much fibrous tissue
Leukemias
Chronic or acute diseases of the blood-forming tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors.
Multiple myeloma
Disease characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and marrow. Progressive and generally fatal.
Osteitis deformans
Aka: Paget disease. Skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation. Resulting in thickening and softening of the bones and in bowing of the long bones.
Osteomalacia
Reversible skeletal disorder characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone.
Spondylomalacia
Softening of the vertebrae
Osteoporosis
Metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures. May cause pain, loss of height, and spinal deformities.
Spinal Bifida
Congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of he spine.
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine
Kyphosis
Exaggerated curvature of the the spine from front to back, commonly known as humpback or hunchback
Muscular dystrophy
Group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy, of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, and progressive loss of strength.
Craniocele
Hernial protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull.
Tarsoptosis
Flatfoot. Flattening of the arch of the foot.
Arthritis
Any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement.
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD). Form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Second most common connective tissue disease. It is a chronic. systemic disease that often results in joint deformities, particularly of the hands and feet.
Rheumatism
General term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and by pain in joints and associated structures.
Spondylarthritis
Inflammation of a vertebrae
Rheumatoid Spondylarthritis
Inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae and can eventually cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse.
Ankylosis
Joint is immobile and stiff
Polyarthritis
Inflammation of more than one joint
Arthralgia/ Arthrodynia
Painful joint
Buritis
Inflammation of a bursa
Lupus erythematosus (LE)
Autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue.
Gout
Painful metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis. Inflammation of the joint, especially the knee or foot.
Hyperuricemia
Excessive uric acid in the blood, causes Gout
Arthroscopy
Direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiber-optic endoscope.
Arthroscope
Fiber-optic endoscope used in arthroscopy.
Arthrotomy
Incision of a joint.
Arthropathy
Refers to any disease of a joint.
Reduction
Pulling the broken fragments into alignment (of a broken bone)
Anti-osteoporotics
Used to treat osteoporosis.
Vertebroplasty
A cement-like substance is injected into the body of a fractures vertebrae to stabilize and strengthen it and immediately remove pain.
Bunionectomy
Excision of a bunion.
Internal fixation
Can use screws. Stabilizes the bone from the inside
External fixation
can use pins that are attached to a compression device. Stabilizes the bone from the outside.
Ostectomy
Excision of a bone (or a portion of it)
Costectomy
Excision of a rib
Craniotomy
Incision into the skull
Craniectomy
Excision of a segment of skull
Tendoplasty
Surgical repair of a tendon
Myoplasty
Surgical repair of a muscle
Tenomyoplasty
Surgical repair of a tendon and muscle
Laminectomy
Surgical removal of the bony posterior arch of a vertebrae to permit surgical access to the disk so the the herniated material can be removed.
Diskectomy
Complete excision of an inter-vertebral disk
Antiinflammatories
Generally used to reduce inflammation and pain.
Antiarthritics
Relieve symptoms of arthritis
Arthrocentesis
Removal of excessive fluid in the joint
Arthroplasty
Any surgical reconstruction of replacement of a joint
Myelosuppression
Inhibits bone marrow production. Often a form of cancer treatment.
