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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood production

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2
Q

Orthopedics

A

Prevention and Correction of deformities or diseases of the musculoskeletal system

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3
Q

Orthopedist

A

Treats musculoskeletal disorders in people of all ages

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4
Q

Musculoskeletal

A

Pertaining to the muscles and the skeleton

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5
Q

Crani/o

A

Cranium; Skull

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6
Q

Cost/o

A

Costa; Rib

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7
Q

Stern/o

A

Sternum; Breastbone

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8
Q

Rachi/o, Spin/o

A

Spine; Backbone

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9
Q

Spondyl/o, vertebr/o

A

Vertebrae; Spinal bones

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10
Q

Cervic/o

A

Cervical vertebrae

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11
Q

Thorac/o

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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12
Q

Lumb/o

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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13
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

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14
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx

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15
Q

Clavicul/o

A

Clavicle; Collarbone

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16
Q

Scapul/o

A

Scapula; Shoulder blade

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17
Q

Humer/o

A

Humerus; Upper arm bone

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18
Q

Radi/o

A

Radius

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19
Q

Uln/o

A

Ulna

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20
Q

Carp/o

A

Carpals; Wrist bones

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21
Q

Metacarp/o

A

Metacarpals; Bones of the hands

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22
Q

Phalang/o

A

Phalanges; Bones of the fingers

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23
Q

Pelv/i

A

Bones of the pelvis

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24
Q

ili/o

A

Ilium

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25
Q

Ischi/o

A

Ischium

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26
Q

Pub/o

A

Pubis

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27
Q

Femor/o

A

Femur; Thigh bone

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28
Q

Patell/o

A

Patella; Kneecap

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29
Q

Fibul/o

A

Fibula

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30
Q

Tibi/o

A

Tibia

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31
Q

Tars/o

A

Tarsals; Ankle bones

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32
Q

Calcane/o

A

Calcaneus; Heel bone

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33
Q

Metatars/o

A

Metatarsals; Bones of the feet

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34
Q

Phalang/o

A

Phalanges; Bones of the toes

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35
Q

How many Cervical Vertebrae are there?

A

Seven (7)

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36
Q

How many Thoracic Vertebrae are there?

A

Twelve (12)

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37
Q

How many Lumbar Vertebrae are there?

A

Five (5)

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38
Q

How many Sacral Vertebrae are fused to make the Sacrum?

A

Five (5)

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39
Q

How many Coccygeal Vertebrae are fused to make the Coccyx?

A

Four (4)

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40
Q

Where do the ribs start in respect to the vertebrae?

A

T1, First Thoracic

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41
Q

How many ‘True Ribs’ are there?

A

Seven (7), 1-7

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42
Q

How many ‘False Ribs’ are there?

A

Five (5), 8-12

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43
Q

How many ‘Floating Ribs’ are there?

A

Two (2), 11-12

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44
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Stiff

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45
Q

Arthr/o

A

Articulation, Joint

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46
Q

-asthenia

A

Weakness

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47
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa

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48
Q

Calc/i

A

Calcium

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49
Q

Cellul/o

A

Little cell or compartment

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50
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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51
Q

De-

A

Down, From, or Reversing

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52
Q

-sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of connective tissue

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53
Q

Ten/o, Tend/o, Tendin/o

A

Tendon

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54
Q

Cartilage

A

Specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic but strong and that can withstand considerable pressure or tension.

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55
Q

Chondral

A

Pertaining to cartilage

56
Q

Fascia

A

Fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles.

57
Q

Tendons

A

Bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones.

58
Q

Articulation

A

Joint (Place of union between two or more bones)

59
Q

Synovial joints

A

Joints covered with cartilage surrounded by synovial membrane (synovium)

60
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Secretes synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and makes it freely movable.

61
Q

Bursae

A

Sacs of fluid located in areas of friction, especially in the joints.

62
Q

Extension

A

Straightens the limb

63
Q

Flexion

A

Bends the limb

64
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of a bone around its own axis

65
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of a limb at the far end

66
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Characterized by widespread non-articular pain of the torso, extremities, and face.

67
Q

Myofibrosis

A

Tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue

68
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses.

69
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement of a bone from a joint

70
Q

Fracture

A

Fx; Breaking of a bone, usually from sudden injury

71
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a joint that causes pain and disablility

72
Q

Strain

A

Excessive use of a part of the body to the extent that it is injured or trauma to a muscle caused by violent contraction or excessive force

73
Q

Myocele

A

Condition in which muscle protrudes through its fascial covering

74
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon

75
Q

Herniated Disk

A

A disk between the vertebrae become diseased, or ruptured. This can press on the spinal cord or on a spinal nerve and cause pain.

76
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the lower portion of the body and of both legs.

77
Q

Quadriplegia/Tetraplegia

A

Paralysis of the arms and legs.

78
Q

Paresis

A

Motor weakness or partial paralysis

79
Q

Paraparesis

A

Partial paralysis of the lower limbs

80
Q

Quadriparesis/Tetraparesis

A

Partial paralysis of all four limbs

81
Q

Cellulitis

A

Acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues

82
Q

Myocellulitis

A

Acute, spreading inflammation of the muscles

83
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of bone and may be caused by infection, degeneration, or trauma.

84
Q

Osteochondritis

A

Inflammation of bone and cartilage and tends to attack the bone-forming centers of the skeleton

85
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

Taken from the posterior iliac crest. Cells and fluid are suctioned from the bone marrow, and results can provide important information about bone marrow function.

86
Q

Sarcomas

A

Cancers that arise from connective tissue (muscle or bone) and in general are malignant tumors.

87
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Composed of masses of cartilage

88
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor containing much fibrous tissue

89
Q

Leukemias

A

Chronic or acute diseases of the blood-forming tissues characterized by unrestrained growth of leukocytes and their precursors.

90
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Disease characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and marrow. Progressive and generally fatal.

91
Q

Osteitis deformans

A

Aka: Paget disease. Skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation. Resulting in thickening and softening of the bones and in bowing of the long bones.

92
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Reversible skeletal disorder characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone.

93
Q

Spondylomalacia

A

Softening of the vertebrae

94
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures. May cause pain, loss of height, and spinal deformities.

95
Q

Spinal Bifida

A

Congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of he spine.

96
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

97
Q

Kyphosis

A

Exaggerated curvature of the the spine from front to back, commonly known as humpback or hunchback

98
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy, of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, and progressive loss of strength.

99
Q

Craniocele

A

Hernial protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull.

100
Q

Tarsoptosis

A

Flatfoot. Flattening of the arch of the foot.

101
Q

Arthritis

A

Any inflammatory condition of the joints characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, and limitation of movement.

102
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD). Form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage.

103
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A

Second most common connective tissue disease. It is a chronic. systemic disease that often results in joint deformities, particularly of the hands and feet.

104
Q

Rheumatism

A

General term for acute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and by pain in joints and associated structures.

105
Q

Spondylarthritis

A

Inflammation of a vertebrae

106
Q

Rheumatoid Spondylarthritis

A

Inflammation of cartilage between the vertebrae and can eventually cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse.

107
Q

Ankylosis

A

Joint is immobile and stiff

108
Q

Polyarthritis

A

Inflammation of more than one joint

109
Q

Arthralgia/ Arthrodynia

A

Painful joint

110
Q

Buritis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

111
Q

Lupus erythematosus (LE)

A

Autoimmune disease that involves connective tissue.

112
Q

Gout

A

Painful metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis. Inflammation of the joint, especially the knee or foot.

113
Q

Hyperuricemia

A

Excessive uric acid in the blood, causes Gout

114
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiber-optic endoscope.

115
Q

Arthroscope

A

Fiber-optic endoscope used in arthroscopy.

116
Q

Arthrotomy

A

Incision of a joint.

117
Q

Arthropathy

A

Refers to any disease of a joint.

118
Q

Reduction

A

Pulling the broken fragments into alignment (of a broken bone)

119
Q

Anti-osteoporotics

A

Used to treat osteoporosis.

120
Q

Vertebroplasty

A

A cement-like substance is injected into the body of a fractures vertebrae to stabilize and strengthen it and immediately remove pain.

121
Q

Bunionectomy

A

Excision of a bunion.

122
Q

Internal fixation

A

Can use screws. Stabilizes the bone from the inside

123
Q

External fixation

A

can use pins that are attached to a compression device. Stabilizes the bone from the outside.

124
Q

Ostectomy

A

Excision of a bone (or a portion of it)

125
Q

Costectomy

A

Excision of a rib

126
Q

Craniotomy

A

Incision into the skull

127
Q

Craniectomy

A

Excision of a segment of skull

128
Q

Tendoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a tendon

129
Q

Myoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a muscle

130
Q

Tenomyoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a tendon and muscle

131
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical removal of the bony posterior arch of a vertebrae to permit surgical access to the disk so the the herniated material can be removed.

132
Q

Diskectomy

A

Complete excision of an inter-vertebral disk

133
Q

Antiinflammatories

A

Generally used to reduce inflammation and pain.

134
Q

Antiarthritics

A

Relieve symptoms of arthritis

135
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Removal of excessive fluid in the joint

136
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Any surgical reconstruction of replacement of a joint

137
Q

Myelosuppression

A

Inhibits bone marrow production. Often a form of cancer treatment.

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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