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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

Lymphatic

A

Structures involved in the conveyance of the fluid lymph

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3
Q

Circulatory system

A

Consists of cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

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4
Q

What are the six (6) functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Supply body cells with needed substances
  • Transports waste products for disposal
  • Maintains the acid-base balance of the body
  • Prevents hemorrhage through blood clotting
  • Protects against disease
  • Helps regulate body temperature
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5
Q

Arteries

A

How oxygen rich blood leaves the heart

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6
Q

Arterioles

A

When arteries branch many times

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7
Q

Capillaries

A

When arterioles branch into tiny vessels with one-cell thick walls

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8
Q

Venules

A

The way for blood leaving the capillaries to return to the heart

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9
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood back to the heart

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10
Q

Venae Cavae

A

The large vein that leads into the heart.

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11
Q

Atrial

A

Pertaining to the atrium

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12
Q

Ventricular

A

Pertaining to the ventricle

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13
Q

Atrioventricular Valves (AV)

A

Valves between the atria and ventricles

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14
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Right AV valve

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15
Q

Mitral/Bicuspid Valve

A

Left AV valve

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16
Q

Cuspid

A

Small flaps that make up the atrioventricular vlaves

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17
Q

Aorta

A

The artery by which the blood leaves the heart to be routed throughout the body

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18
Q

Semilunar

A

Valves that have the appearance of a half-moon when the valves are closed (Aortic and Pulmonary semilunar valves)

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19
Q

Pericardium

A

A sac made up of a double membrane, encloses the heart.

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20
Q

Visceral/Epicardium

A

The innermost layer of the pericardium

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21
Q

Endocardium

A

Forms the lining inside the heart

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22
Q

Myocardium

A

The heart muscle itself. This is the thickest tissue of the heart and is composed of muscle fibers that contract, resulting in the squeezing of blood from the heart with each heartbeat.

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23
Q

Coronary

A

Encircling, in the manner of a crown (Refers to the way the coronary arteries encircle the heart in a crown-like fashion

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24
Q

Angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

A

Vessel

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25
Q

Aort/o

A

Aorta

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26
Q

Arteriol/o

A

Arteriole

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27
Q

Arter/o, arteri/o

A

Artery

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28
Q

Ather/o

A

Yellow fatty plaque

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29
Q

Phleb/o, ven/o

A

Vein

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30
Q

Venul/o

A

Venule

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31
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

General diagnostic term that designates primary disease of the heart muscle itself

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32
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart muscle

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33
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the endocardium, often caused by an infective microorganism.

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34
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

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35
Q

Electrocardiography

A

Electrical currents of the heart muscles are recorded by a electrocardiograph

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36
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Record of the heart obtained by directing ultrasonic waves through the chest wall.

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37
Q

Cardiac catherterization

A

The passage of a long, flexible tube into the heart chambers through the vein in an arm, leg, or neck. Allows for collection of blood samples from different parts of the heart and determines pressure differences in chambers. Inside of the heart can be viewed.

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38
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A

Helpful in examining blood flow in the heart and vessels. Patient is injected with a radioactive dye and images are produced.

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39
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Severe chest pain and constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart itself

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40
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat. (Dysrhythmia is more technically correct)

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41
Q

Cardiomeglay

A

Enlarged size of the heart

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42
Q

Congenital Heart Defects

A

Abnormalities present in the heart at birth. (Often involve the septum)

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43
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

Condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and edema in lower portions of the body. (The work demanded of the heart is greater than its ability to perform) AKA: Congestive Heart Disease

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44
Q

Heart Failure

A

Heart fails to pump properly

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45
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

Abnormal condition that affects the heart’s arteries and produces various pathologic effects, especially the reduced flow of blood to the myocardium. (Flow or blockage issue)

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46
Q

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

A

Heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen cause by pathologic changes in the coronary arteries.

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47
Q

Fibrillation

A

Severe Cardiac arrhythmia in which contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation. It can sometimes be reversed by a defibrillator.

48
Q

Defibrillator (For defibrillation)

A

Electronic apparatus that delivers a shock to the heart, often through electrode to the chest. can also be used to slow the heart or restore to normal rhythm.

49
Q

Heart Murmur

A

Soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the heart with a stethoscope, not necessarily pathogenic.

50
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Excessive lipid (fats) in the blood. An elevated blood level of one type of lipid, cholesterol, is associated with an increased risk of developing CHD in most individuals.

51
Q

Hypertension

A

Elevated blood pressure above the normal values of 120/80 mm Hg in an adult over the age of 18 years old. (A person with hypertension is said to be hypertensive.

52
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure. A blood pressure of 95/60 mm Hg indicates hypotension.

53
Q

Infarction

A

Necrosis of a localized area of tissue caused by lack of blood supply to that area. Can be caused by Occlusion or stenosis of the artery that supplies blood to that tissue.

54
Q

Occlusion

A

Obstruction

55
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing

56
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

The death of an area of the heart muscle that occurs as a result of oxygen deprivation. AKA Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

57
Q

Myocardial Ischemia

A

Deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium. (The word ischemia refers to a temporary deficient of blood supply to any part of the body)

58
Q

Septal Defect

A

Defect in the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart. The defect is usually congenital and is either an atrial septal defect (ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD)

59
Q

Shock

A

Serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissues do not receive enough blood. This condition can result in death. May be caused by hemorrhage, infection, drug reaction, injury, poisoning, MI, or excessive emotional stress.

60
Q

Vasodilation

A

Increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

61
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

62
Q

Angiomas

A

Tumors consisting principally of blood vessels (hemangioma) or lymph vessels (lymphangioma)

63
Q

Aortography

A

Radiography of the aorta after injection of a contrast medium.

64
Q

Aortogram

A

Record produced from an aortography

65
Q

Arteriography

A

Radiography of arteries after injection of radiopaque material into the bloodstream.

66
Q

Arteriogram

A

Image produced after an arteriography

67
Q

Angiocardiography

A

Radiography of the hear and great vessels after intravenous injection of a radiopaque solution.

68
Q

Angiograpy

A

General term for radiography of vessels.

69
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

Blood vessel bursts and allows blood to seep into brain tissue until clotting stops the seepage

70
Q

Thrombotic Stroke

A

Plaque can cause a clot to form that blocks blood flow

71
Q

Embolic Stroke

A

A blood clot of other embolus reaches an artery in the brain, lodges there, and blocks the flow of blood

72
Q

Cardiopulmonary Bypass

A

Method used to divert blood away from the heart and lungs temporarily when surgery of the heart and major vessels is performed

73
Q

Cardiopulmonary

A

Pertaining to the heart and lungs

74
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

Hearts natural pacemaker

75
Q

Cardioversion

A

Restoring the heart’s normal rhythm using electrical shock

76
Q

Cardioverter Defibrillator (CID)

A

A device that detects sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and delivers a low energy shock to the heart

77
Q

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

A

Emergency first-aid procedure to reestablish heart and lung action if breathing or heart action has stopped

78
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

Prevent, alleviate, or correct an abnormal heart rhythm

79
Q

Digoxin

A

Well-known drug prescribed in the treatment of congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias

80
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Coronary vasodilator, can be used for angina pectoris

81
Q

Thrombolytic

A

Agent administered through a catheter to dissolve a clot

82
Q

Heparin

A

Oral anticoagulant

83
Q

Vasodilators

A

Meds thats caused dilation of blood vessels

84
Q

Antihypertensives

A

Agents that are used to reduce high blood pressure

85
Q

Diuretics

A

Act to reduce the blood volume through greater excretion of water by the kidneys, can be used for high blood pressure

86
Q

Antilipidemic

A

Meds to lower cholesterol levels in the blood

87
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair of blood vessels that have become damaged by disease or injury

88
Q

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

A

Sections of blood vessels (Usually from the leg) are grafted onto the coronary arteries to bypass the blocked arteries

89
Q

Phlebectomy

A

Surgical excision of a vein or segment of a vein

90
Q

Hemorrhoidectomy

A

Surgical excision of a hemorrhoid

91
Q

Lymph

A

Escaped fluid from the blood capillaries to bathe the tissue cells

92
Q

Lymphatic System consists of?

A

Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph, tonsils, thymus, and spleen

93
Q

Palatine Tonsils

A

Located in the back of the thorat

94
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsils

A

AKA adenoids, Located in the back of the throat on the top.

95
Q

Lymphoma

A

General term for cancer that originates in the lymphatic system

96
Q

Lymphangitis

A

An acute or chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels and can be caused by various microorganisms.

97
Q

Lymphangiography

A

Radiography of the lymphatic vessels and nodes after injection of a radiopaque substance

98
Q

Lymphedema

A

Accumulation of lymph in tissue and the resultant swelling

99
Q

Lymphangiograms

A

Useful for checking the integrity of the lymphatic system in lymphedema and for investigating the spread of malignant tumors

100
Q

Elephantiasis

A

Parasitic disease generally seen in the tropics, causes excessive swelling caused by obstruction of the lymph vessels

101
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

102
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Refers to any disease of the lymph nodes

103
Q

Lymphadenoma

A

A tumor of a lymph node

104
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

105
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlarged spleen

106
Q

Lymphectomy

A

Excision of a Lymph node

107
Q

Splenectomy

A

Excision of the Spleen, usually due to rupture

108
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Excision of the tonsils

109
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

Excision of the adenoids, usually because they are enlarged

110
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

111
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck

112
Q

Home/o

A

Sameness

113
Q

Lymphat/o

A

Lymphatics

114
Q

splen/o

A

Spleen

115
Q

Thromb/o

A

Thrombus, blood clot

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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