Respiratory System- Unit 4 Flashcards
Pulmonary ventilation
lungs physically filling with/expelling air (conduction zone)
External respiration
Gas exchange at respiratory membrane (respiratory zone, resp. membrane)
Transport of gases
Takes place in bloodstream (O2 is bound to hemoglobin, CO2 is transported as carbonic acid)
Internal respiration
Capillaries moving blood from/to rest of body
Chemoreceptors
Sense changes in oxygen levels (central- medulla
peripheral- carotid sinus and aortic arch)
Conducting vs Respiratory zones
Conducting humidifies, filters, and adjusts temperature of air.
Respiratory transfers O2 and CO2 around body.
Olfactory mucosa
houses olfactory receptors
Olfactory mucosa is located
inferior to cribriform plate
Nasal conchae purpose
increase surface area of nasal cavity, allowing for faster conditioning.
Pharynx common name
Throat (connects to esophagus)
Epiglottis is made of
Elastic cartilage (as opposed to hyaline in rest of respiratory system)
Lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles
Posterior opens glottis
Lateral closes glottis
Bronchial Tree changes in cartilage and epithelium
C-shaped cartilage rings change to cartilage plates.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar is replaced by simple cuboidal.
Trachealis function
Changes diameter of trachea (coughing)
Difference in right bronchus
slightly larger
Transition between respiratory and conducting zones
Terminal bronchiole
Type 1 vs 2 alveolar cells
Type 1- simple squamous
Type 2- simple cuboidal, produce surfactant
Purpose of surfactant
Help alveoli open easier. If it’s not there, alveoli will collapse and prevent gas exchange.
What happens during asthma attack?
Muscle constricts and more mucous is produced.
COPD
When airflow becomes obstructed due to emphysema or bronchitis
Emphysema
Losing alveoli surface area and elasticity
Lung Hilus
Depression where root enters lung
Lung Root
The structures that enter/exit lung
Top point of lung
Apex
Divet on medial side of left lung
Cardiac notch
Lung lobes
R: Superior/Middle/Inferior
L: Superior/Inferior
External vs Internal Intercostals
External is the more superficial
Posterior Nasal Aperture is also called
Choana
Glottis
Voicebox
Point of Carina
Where trachea splits
Lung nerve
Phrenic nerve (innervates diaphragm, when diaphragm contracts, air fills lungs)
Lung covering
Visceral Pleura
Gaps between conchae
Turbinates
