Respiratory System- Unit 4

Question 1

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

lungs physically filling with/expelling air (conduction zone)

Question 2

External respiration

Answer 2

Gas exchange at respiratory membrane (respiratory zone, resp. membrane)

Question 3

Transport of gases

Answer 3

Takes place in bloodstream (O2 is bound to hemoglobin, CO2 is transported as carbonic acid)

Question 4

Internal respiration

Answer 4

Capillaries moving blood from/to rest of body

Question 5

Chemoreceptors

Answer 5

Sense changes in oxygen levels (central- medulla
peripheral- carotid sinus and aortic arch)

Question 6

Conducting vs Respiratory zones

Answer 6

Conducting humidifies, filters, and adjusts temperature of air.

Respiratory transfers O2 and CO2 around body.

Question 7

Olfactory mucosa

Answer 7

houses olfactory receptors

Question 8

Olfactory mucosa is located

Answer 8

inferior to cribriform plate

Question 9

Nasal conchae purpose

Answer 9

increase surface area of nasal cavity, allowing for faster conditioning.

Question 10

Pharynx common name

Answer 10

Throat (connects to esophagus)

Question 11

Epiglottis is made of

Answer 11

Elastic cartilage (as opposed to hyaline in rest of respiratory system)

Question 12

Lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

Answer 12

Posterior opens glottis
Lateral closes glottis

Question 13

Bronchial Tree changes in cartilage and epithelium

Answer 13

C-shaped cartilage rings change to cartilage plates.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar is replaced by simple cuboidal.

Question 14

Trachealis function

Answer 14

Changes diameter of trachea (coughing)

Question 15

Difference in right bronchus

Answer 15

slightly larger

Question 16

Transition between respiratory and conducting zones

Answer 16

Terminal bronchiole

Question 17

Type 1 vs 2 alveolar cells

Answer 17

Type 1- simple squamous

Type 2- simple cuboidal, produce surfactant

Question 18

Purpose of surfactant

Answer 18

Help alveoli open easier. If it’s not there, alveoli will collapse and prevent gas exchange.

Question 19

What happens during asthma attack?

Answer 19

Muscle constricts and more mucous is produced.

Question 20

COPD

Answer 20

When airflow becomes obstructed due to emphysema or bronchitis

Question 21

Emphysema

Answer 21

Losing alveoli surface area and elasticity

Question 22

Lung Hilus

Answer 22

Depression where root enters lung

Question 23

Lung Root

Answer 23

The structures that enter/exit lung

Question 24

Top point of lung

Answer 24

Apex

Question 25

Divet on medial side of left lung

Answer 25

Cardiac notch

Question 26

Lung lobes

Answer 26

R: Superior/Middle/Inferior
L: Superior/Inferior

Question 27

External vs Internal Intercostals

Answer 27

External is the more superficial

Question 28

Posterior Nasal Aperture is also called

Answer 28

Choana

Question 29

Glottis

Answer 29

Voicebox

Question 30

Point of Carina

Answer 30

Where trachea splits

Question 31

Lung nerve

Answer 31

Phrenic nerve (innervates diaphragm, when diaphragm contracts, air fills lungs)

Question 32

Lung covering

Answer 32

Visceral Pleura

Question 33

Gaps between conchae

Answer 33

Turbinates