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Histo Block 4 > Respiratory System I > Flashcards

Respiratory System I Flashcards

1
Q

Define breathing

A

inhalation and exhalation of air

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2
Q

Define respiration

A

the exchange of gasses between an organism and their environment

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3
Q

Define external respiration

A

the exchange of gasses between the alveoli and the extensive capillary network within the lung

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4
Q

Define internal respiration

A

the exchange of gasses between the capillary bed and the tissues that the capillary bed supply

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5
Q

Function of the conducting portion of the respiratory system

A

Provide a pathway for air (major function). Other minor functions include controlling air temperature, phonation, and olfaction

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6
Q

Structures involved in the conduction portion of the respiratory system

A

nasal vestibule, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

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7
Q

Components of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system all contain…..because the respiratory portion is responsible for….

A

alveoli….external respiration

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8
Q

Structures that are a part of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and alveoli

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9
Q

What is the dominant form of epithelium in the conduction portion of the respiratory system

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE)

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10
Q

what are the structures in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that do not have PCCE?

A

external nasal vestibule

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11
Q

Where can mumcoserous glands be found

A

mucosa (lamina propria) and submucosa

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12
Q

Submucosa of the conduction portion contains…to nourish overlaying epithelium and ….

A

BV…collagen and elastic fibers

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13
Q

What are the 5 different cell types in the PCCE

A
  • ciliated columar
  • goblet
  • brush
  • basal
  • small granule
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14
Q

What is the predominant cell of PCCE

A

ciliated columnar cell

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15
Q

Function of ciliated columnar cell

A

cilia beat and push particulate mater into pharynx to be eliminated via the digestive system

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16
Q

Immobile cilia symdrome

A

-Cilia are unable to move the mucous into the pharynx and as a result individuals will have more contaminants in their lungs

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17
Q

Role of goblet cells

A

secretes mucin glycoproteins and helps moistens epithelium

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18
Q

What are the two major components of the mucociliary system

A

goblet cells and ciliated columnar cell

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19
Q

What are the names of the two mucous layers formed by the mucociliary system

A

outer layer= viscous

inner layer= sol

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20
Q

(sol/viscous) layer contains cilia

A

sol (because it is the inner layer)

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21
Q

Key morphologies of brush cells

A

microvilli and associated with neurons (may have sensory function)

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22
Q

Role of basal cells

A

progenitor cells for respiratory epithelium

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23
Q

Role of small granule cell

A

secretes polypeptide hormones as part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) to control serous and mucus secretions

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24
Q

Key morphology of small granule cell

A

dense core granules

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25
Q

The epithelium that lines the external nasal vestibule is…

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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26
Q

(Sebacous/Sweat) glands are present in the external nasal vestibule

A

both

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27
Q

Role of vibrissiae in external nasal vesibule

A

remove large particles from the air

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28
Q

Nasal fossa are separated by…

A

nasal septum

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29
Q

What are the regions in the nose responsible for olfaction?

A

Superior choncha and roof of nasal cavity

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30
Q

The olfactory portion of the nose is lined by… epithelium

A

PCCE

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31
Q

What are the 3 cells found in the olfactory portion of the nose

A

olfactory cell
sustentacular cell
basal cell

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32
Q

The olfactory cell is a…. neuron with serveral nonmotile… rich in …. molecules for smell

A

bipolar…cilia…receptor

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33
Q

T/F: Unlike other neural cells olfactory cells are replaced frequently throughout the individuals lifetime?

A

T

34
Q

Role of sustentacular cells

A

provide support, nourishment, and electrical insulation for olfactory cells

35
Q

Morphology of sustentacular cells

A

columnar cell with many microvilli

36
Q

Role of basal cell

A

progenitor cell that regenerates sustentacular cell and olfactory cell

37
Q

Blank glands are responsible for transmitting smells to the receptors on the non-motile cilia on the olfactory cells

A

Bowmans

38
Q

Bowmans glands are located…

A

in the lamina propria

39
Q

Middle and inferior chonchae are lined by…. epithelium

A

PCCE

40
Q

What are Swell bodies

A

venous plexus in the lamina propria of the choncha

41
Q

Blank causes periodic engorgement of swell bodies

A

allergies

42
Q

Paranasal sinuses are lined by… epithelium

A

PCCE

43
Q

Paranasal sinuses contain lots of …cells

A

goblet

44
Q

The nasopharynx is lined by…. epithelium

A

PCCE

45
Q

Contents of the lamina propria for the naspharynx

A

rich in BV, mumcoserous glands and contains adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)

46
Q

Thyroid cartilage is…cartilage

A

hyaline

47
Q

circoid cartilage is…cartilage

A

hyaline

48
Q

Epiglottis is…cartilage

A

elastic

49
Q

Arytenoid is…cartilage

A

hyaline and elastic

50
Q

Corniculate is…cartilage

A

elastic

51
Q

Cuniform is….cartilage

A

elastic

52
Q

The superior portion of the epiglottis and true vocal fold are lined by…. epithelium. The rest of the larynx is lined by…

A

stratified squamous… PCCE

53
Q

T:F The true vocal folds contain numerous mumcoserous glands in the lamina propria but the false vocal folds lack glands

A

F

54
Q

What is held within the submucosa in the true vocal fold

A

parallel elastic fibers called the vocal ligament

55
Q

What is held in the submucosa of the false vocal folds

A

mucoserous glands

56
Q

The vocals muscle is located in the (true/false) vocal fold and is (smooth/skeletal) muscle

A

true…skeletal

57
Q

The trachea is lined by… epithelium

A

PCCE

58
Q

T/F: The epithelium in the trachea contains the 5 cells found in respiratory epithelium

A

T

59
Q

Blank separates the mucosa from the submucosa in the trachea

A

elastic fibers

60
Q

Black joins the two ends of the C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea

A

trachealis muscle

61
Q

Respiratory irritants (i/e smoking or pollutants) replaces… cells with… cells

A

ciliated columnar…goblet

62
Q

The replacement of cells due to pollutants (environment) is an example of

A

metaplasia

63
Q

Replacing ciliated columnar cells with goblet cells will result in

A

increased mucous production with no way to expel it into the pharynx and into the digestive system

64
Q

What are the two things that bronchi have that broncholes don’t have?

A

Cartilage rings and glands (mucoserous)

65
Q

The amount of cartilage in bronchi (increases/decreases) as the bronchi decrease in size. The same trend is true for… cells

A

decrease… goblet

66
Q

Bronchi are lined by… epithelium

A

PCCE

67
Q

Mucosa contents in bronchi

A 
PCCE
Goblet cells
elastic fibers (LP)
Smooth muscle (LP)
Potentially lymph nodules
68
Q

Submucosa of the bronchi

A

Mucoserous glands

69
Q

The cartilage in the bronchi is… cartilage

A

hyaline

70
Q

Epithelium is large bronchioles is more (Columnar/cuboidal) verses small bronchioles which is more (Columnar/cuboidal)

A

columnar…cuboidal

71
Q

Bronchioles have an abundence of…relative to their size and are thus primary targets for stimulation by the…

A

smooth muscle… autonomic nervous system

72
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation (constricts/dialates) bronchioles verses sympathetic stimulation which (constricts/dialates)

A

Constricts…dialates

73
Q

The bronchioles contain the fewest number of… cells compared to the rest of the respiratory organs

A

goblet cells

74
Q

Where are neuroepithelial bodies found

A

bronchioles in mucosa

75
Q

Function of neuroepithelial bodies

A

Contain secretory granules which receive cholinergic nerve endings. They are hypothesized to be chemoreceptors sensitive to changes in gas composition within the airway

76
Q

Do terminal bronchioles contain goblet cells

A

no

77
Q

What are the two cell types present in terminal bronchioles

A

ciliated cuboidal cells and clara cells

78
Q

T/F: Clara cells contain cilia

A

F

79
Q

Role of Clara cell

A

secretes a surface activating agent similar to surfactant the prevents adhesion of bronchioles should they collapse and regenerate bronchiolar epithelium

80
Q

T/F: Terminal bronchioles have an abundance of smooth muscle in their submucosa

A

F (true if it said lamina propria)

Histo Block 4 (7 decks)

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