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Histo Block 4 > Kidney I > Flashcards

Kidney I Flashcards

1
Q

2 main functions of kidney

A
  • remove nitrogenous wastes

- concentrate urine

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2
Q

Function of ureter

A

collect and move urine from kidney to bladder

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3
Q

Function of bladder

A

store urine

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4
Q

function of ureter

A

eliminate urine

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5
Q

What are the components of the uriniferous tubule?

A

Nephron and collecting tubules

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6
Q

(Cortex/Medulla) of the kidney stains better

A

cortex

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7
Q

The cortex of the kidney is (acidophilic/basophilic)

A

acidophilic

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8
Q

The two parts of the cortex of the kidney are

A

pars convoluta and pars radiata

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9
Q

What structures of the nephron are contained within the pars convoluta

A

renal corpuscle, distal and proximal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

What structures of the nephron are contained in the pars radiata

A

Distal and proximal straight tubules

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11
Q

What is the border of a kidney lobe

A

The renal pyramid and its overlaying cortex

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12
Q

What is the border for a kidney lobule

A

pars radiata and and 2 halves of the pars convoluta

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13
Q

What is the structure that divides the kidney into lobes

A

column of bertin

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14
Q

what is the structure that divides the kidney into lobules

A

interlobular vessels

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15
Q

Where does the formation of urine in the kidney begin

A

renal corpuscle

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16
Q

Where does the urine travel after it has made its way through the urinifierous tubule

A

renal papilla

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17
Q

Summary diagramn S13

A

ok

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18
Q

Trace the path of blood to the cortical capillaries

A

interlobar a. –> arcuate a –> interlobular a. –> afferent a. –> glomerulous capillary bed –> efferent a. –> cortical capillary bed

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19
Q

What is responsible for draining the blood from the cortical nephrons

A

interlobular v.

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20
Q

Trace the pathway of blood after the interlobular v. have collected blood from the cortical nephrons

A

interlobular v. –> arcuate v. –> interlobar v.

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21
Q

Trace the flow of blood to the juxtacorticomedullary nephron

A

interlobar a –> arcuate a -> interlobular a –> afferent a –> glomerouslous capillary bed –> efferent a. –> vasa recta –> medullary capillary bed

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22
Q

What is responsible for draining the blood from the juxtacorticomedullary nephron

A

arcuate v.

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23
Q

What sorts of substances are filtered through the blood and into the kidney

A

Water, nitrogenous wastes, glucose, small amino acids, NaCl, and drugs

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24
Q

What substances in the kidney are reabsorbed into the circulation

A

Glucose and small amino acids (always) and water (some of it)

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25
Q

What substances remain in the kidney to be excreted

A

nitrogenous wastes and drugs

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26
Q

What are the names of the three capillary beds in the kidney

A

vasa recta
Glomerular capillaries
Cortical peritubular capillaries

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27
Q

Veins have a (thicker/thiner) wall and (thicker/thiner) lumen

A

thinner… thicker

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28
Q

T/F: Arteries and veins in the kidney tend to run in parallel to one another

A

T

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29
Q

Interlobar vessels are found…

A

Between the lobes of the kidney (between the renal pyramids or in the column of Bertin)

30
Q

Interlobar vessels continue on as…

A

arcuate vessels

31
Q

Arcuate vessels are found at..

A

the junction between the cortex and medulla

32
Q

arcuate vessels are continuations of

A

interlobar vessels

33
Q

Arcuate vessels continue on as…

A

interlobular vessels

34
Q

Interlobular vessels lie in the…cortex between…

A

convoluted, lobules

35
Q

How can you differentiate between a tear in the kidney tissue (artifact) and a BV?

A

artifacts are not lined by epithelium

36
Q

Afferent arterioles are found in the…. cortex

A

convoluted

37
Q

Afferent arterioles arise from….

A

interlobular a.

38
Q

Afferent arterioles supply…

A

glomerulous

39
Q

Efferent arterioles exit the…

A

glomerulous

40
Q

In cortical nephron efferent arterioles are continuous with

A

capillary bed in cortex

41
Q

T/F: In the juxtocorticomedullary nephron, the efferent arterioles are continuous with the capillary beds in the medulla via vasa recta

A

T

42
Q

Tricky ID BV in the kidney can be confused for collecting tubules, what are 4 major differences between the two…

A
  • BV stain darker
  • BV have SM
  • BV branches
  • BV don’t have cells that are cuboidal in shape.
43
Q

Pressure in the (afferent/efferent) arteriole is higher. This explains why the (afferent/efferent) vessel has a thicker arterial wall

A

afferent…afferent

44
Q

Purpose of arterial portal system

A

Facilitated uptake of nutrients into peritubular capillaries and the uptake of metabolic wastes into renal tubules

45
Q

Key morphologies of afferent vessels

A
  • Elongated nuclei (tiger stripping)
  • Thicker cell wall
  • Goes into glomerulous from interlobular a.
46
Q

Are the afferent and afferent arterioles line by epithelium

A

yes

47
Q

Whats the purpose of both the cortical and medullary peritubular capillaries

A

Collect extracellular fluid from the tubules in the cortex and medulla respectively.

48
Q

Cortical peritubular capillaries are drained by

A

interlobular v

49
Q

Medullary peritubular capillaries are drained by

A

arcuate v.

50
Q

T/F: Capillaries are present among the collecting tubules of kidney

A

T

51
Q

Key morphologies for IDing capillaries in the kindney

A
  • long ling singlet rings
  • RBC or neutrophil present
  • Endothelial nuclei
52
Q

Where do the capillaries run in the pars convoluta? Radiata?

A

Both run with the tubules. Convoluta= circle. Radiata= parallel to tubules

53
Q

Describe the endothelium of the cortical peritubular capillaries

A

fenestrated with diaphragms

54
Q

What are the two limbs in the vasa recta

A

arterial and venous

55
Q

Describe the endothelial limbing of the arterial limb in the vasa recta

A

continuous

56
Q

Describe the endothelial limbing of the venous limb in the vasa recta

A

fenestrated

57
Q

What is the epithelium in the collecting ducts

A

simple columnar

58
Q

What is the epithelium at the renal papilla

A

transitional

59
Q

What type of epithelium lines the bladder

A

transitional

60
Q

What are the 4 histological layers of the ureter

A

Epithelium, CT, Muscle, and adventitia

61
Q

Ureter is covered by… epithelium

A

transitional

62
Q

T/F: The bladder and ureter are dissimilar histologically

A

F

63
Q

What connects umbrella cells in the transitional epithelium of the bladder

A

junctions (including tight)

64
Q

What is the purpose of the junctions in the bladder

A

prevent urine and water (moisture) from coming out of the bladder

65
Q

Cells in the bladder secrete glycocalyx to prevent…from sticking to the surface

A

bacteria

66
Q

T/F: Thickness of epithelium in bladder is static

A

F

67
Q

Describe the morphology of epithelium in an empty bladder

A

Umbrella cell plump

Epithelium is thick

68
Q

Describe the morphology of epithelium in a full bladder

A

Umbrella cells flattened

Thin epithelium

69
Q

Cells in the (empty/Full) bladder have more surface area

A

full

70
Q

The cells in the empty bladder contain… and surface folds, which…

A

flattened (elliptical) vessicles… are extensions of the plasma membrane

Histo Block 4 (7 decks)

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