Respiratory System Chapter 21

Question 1

Upper

Answer 1

Passageway from nasal cavity to Larynx

Question 2

Lower

Answer 2

passageways from trachea alveoli

Question 3

Alveoli

Answer 3

• tiny air sacs, site of gas exchange
  [Functional unit of the lung]

Question 4

Lungs

Answer 4

a collection of millions of alveoli and their blood vessels embedded in elastic connective tissue

Question 5

Basic function of the Respiratory system:
Conducting zone

Answer 5

pathway air travels
🔸️Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened
🔸️Includes structures from nose and nasal cavity to bronchioles

Question 6

Basic function of the Respiratory system:
Respiratory zone

Answer 6

where gas exchange occurs; alveoli

Question 7

Respiration
Definition & the 4 types:

Answer 7

process that provides body cells with oxygen and removes waste product carbon dioxide:
1. Pulmonary ventilation
2. Pulmonary gas exchange
3. Gas transport
4. Tissue gas exchange

Question 8

Respiration:
Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 8

movement of air in & out of lungs

Question 9

Respiration:
Pulmonary gas exchange

Answer 9

movement of gases between Lungs and Blood

Question 10

Respiration:
Gas transport

Answer 10

movement of gases through blood

Question 11

Respiration:
Tissue gas exchange

Answer 11

movement of gases between blood and tissues

Question 12

6 Respiration homeostasis

Answer 12

1.Speech & Sound production
2. Sense of Smell
3. Assist with defecation, urination, and childbirth by increasing pressure in thoracic cavity
4. Assist with flow of venous blood and lymph
5. Maintaining acid-base balance
6. Produces angiotensin-II

Question 13

Nose and nasal cavity are entryway into…

Answer 13

respiratory system

Question 14

4 Nose and nasal cavity functions

Answer 14

1. Warm & humidify air
2. Filter debris from inhaled air and secrete antibacterial substances.
3. Olfactory receptors
4. Resonates of voice

Question 15

Anatomy of nasal cavity:

Answer 15

1. Nasal cavity
2. Vestibule
3. Superior, inferior, and middle conchae
4. Paranasal sinuses

Question 16

Anatomy of nasal cavity:
Nasal cavity

Answer 16

divided into left and right portions by nasal septum from nostrils (anterior nares) to posterior nares

Question 17

Anatomy of nasal cavity:
Vestibule

Answer 17

contain bristle-like hairs

Question 18

Anatomy of nasal cavity: Superior, inferior, and middle conchae

Answer 18

create turbulence

Question 19

Anatomy of nasal cavity: Paranasal sinuses

Answer 19

hollow cavities found within frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary bones

Question 20

Warm and humidify air; also

Answer 20

enhance voice resonance and reduce weight of skull

Question 21

Most of nasal cavity is lined with

Answer 21

mucosa composed of PSCCE and goblet cells

Traps foreign particles in mucus ciliated cells move it toward posterior nasal cavity and pharynx

Question 22

Vestibule is lined with

Answer 22

Stratified Squamous Epithelium to resists mechanical stress

Question 23

Pharynx (throat) - three divisions:

Answer 23

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 24

Pharynx: Nasopharynx

Answer 24

• posterior to nasal cavity; lined with PSCCE
• Extends from posterior nares to soft palate

Question 25

Pharynx: Oropharynx

Answer 25

-posterior to oral cavity - Extends from uvula to hyoid bone - stratified squamous epithelium

Question 26

Pharynx: Laryngopharynx

Answer 26

-hyoid bone to esophagus - stratified squamous epithelium

Question 27

Larynx or voice box

Answer 27

- houses Vocal cords - Stratified Squamous epithelium Superior to vocal cords

Question 28

Larynx composed of 9 pieces of cartilage: (you just have to know 3)

Answer 28

1.Thyroid cartilage 2.Cricoid cartilage 3. Epiglottis

Question 29

Larynx cartilage: Thyroid cartilage

Answer 29

largest of three unpaired sections ("Adam's apple)

Question 30

Larynx cartilage: Cricoid cartilage

Answer 30

inferior to thyroid cartilage

Question 31

Larynx cartilage: Epiglottis

Answer 31

posterior to thyroid cartilage

Question 32

Vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

Answer 32

close off glottis during swallowing; play no role in sound production

Question 33

True vocal cords and Vocal ligaments

Answer 33

elastic bands; vibrate to produce sound when air passes over them

Question 34

Trachea (windpipe)

Answer 34

(Tracheal cartilage) C shape cartilage rings -lined with PSCCE & goblet cells

Question 35

Right Primary bronchus

Answer 35

wider, shorter, and straighter than left

Question 36

Secondary bronchi

Answer 36

once inside each lung; three on right and two on left

Question 37

Tertiary bronchi

Answer 37

continue to branch smaller and smaller

Question 38

Bronchioles

Answer 38

smallest airways

Question 39

Terminal bronchioles →

Answer 39

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 40

As airways divide and get smaller:

Answer 40

-Epithelium gradually changes from PSCCE to Cuboidal cells with cilia -Amount of smooth muscle increases -Hyaline...

Question 41

Primary bronchi

Answer 41

enters the left or right lung at the hilum