Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 104 A&P 2 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries produce?

A

Ova (egg cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ova secrets what 4 hormones?

A

Estrogen, proesterogen, inhibin, and relaxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ovarian Cortex

A

superficial region where oogenesis (production of gametes) occurs within saclike follicles; develop and mature along with gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ovarian medulla

A

Inner region where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves are found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Broad ligament

A

connects ovary, uterine tubes, and uterus to bony pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uterine tubes
(fallopian tubes, or oviducts)

A

Extend from ovary to uterus; covered by peritoneum
🔸️Isthmus
🔸️Ampulla
🔸️Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes, or oviducts): Isthmus

A

Found at the proximal end of the tube, connects to the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes, or oviducts): Ampulla

A

Expansion at distal end that connects tube to infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes, or oviducts): Infundibulum

A

Funnel-shaped opening at distal end of uterine tube (Fimbriae- finger-like projections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ovulation

A

an oocyte is expelled from ovary; fimbriae sweep ovary
surface to catch oocyte and direct it into uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fertilization occurs in?

A

uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Uterus
(Location)

A

Also known as the womb is a hollow organ located in pelvis anterior to rectum and posterior to urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 Regions of the Uterus

A

🔸️Body- main region
🔸️Fundus- rounded region superior to entrance to uterine tubes
🔸️Cervix- narrow neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Uterine wall is composed of three layers:

A
  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Uterine wall is composed of three layers: Perimetrium

A
  • Outermost serous layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Uterine wall is composed of three layers: Myometrium

A
  • middle layer of smooth muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Uterine wall is composed of three layers: Endometrium

A
  • innermost layer that lines uterine cavity; composed of simple columnar epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vagina

A

Organ of copulation; receives penis and semen during sexual intercourse; passageway for giving birth and for menstrual flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vagina is a tube that

A

extends from cervix to exterior of body and is located,
Parallel to urethra; lies between urinary bladder and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vaginal wall is lined with transverse ridges called

A

Rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mucosa of the vagina is composed of…

A

stratified squamous epithelium [protection]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Epithelial cells in the vagina

A

secrete glycogen into vaginal lumen
Metabolized by bacteria
Generates lactic acid that helps maintain acidic pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hymen

A

vascular partition of mucosa near distal vaginal orifice;
commonly ruptured during first sexual intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

6 Female External Genitalia

A

🔸️Vulva
🔸️Mons pubis
🔸️Labia majora
🔸️Labia minora
🔸️Vestibule
🔸️Clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Female External Genitalia: Vulva
external reproductive structures
26
Female External Genitalia: Mons pubis
-rounded region overlying pubic symphysis
27
Female External Genitalia: Labia majora
-pair of elongated protective skin folds
28
Female External Genitalia: Labia minora
- pair of thinner skin folds found enclosed within labia majora
29
Female External Genitalia: Vestibule
-recess enclosed within labia minor contains Vestibular glands (Bartholin's glands) and paraurethral glands
30
Female External Genitalia: Clitoris
- anterior to vestibule; small protrusion composed of erectile tissue
31
Mammary Glands
Modified sweat glands of the integumentary system to produce milk
32
Each mammary gland is found within
hypodermis and enclosed within a rounded, skin-covered breast
33
Mammary gland: Areola
- surrounds a nipple through which milk exits the body
34
Each mammary gland is composed of how many lobes?
15-25 lobes
35
Each lobe is subdivided into smaller lobules; contain
alveoli which produce milk when a woman is lactating
36
Myoepithelial Cells in the breast
surround alveoli helps propel milk toward nipple
37
The flow of milk from the mammary glands
Milk passes from alveoli to lactiferous ducts to lactiferous sinus to nipple
38
Oogenesis when does it start?
Begins before female infant is born, then is suspended until puberty
39
Once Oogenesis is reactivated at puberty
It continues until it ceases operation at menopause, between 45 and 55 years of age Occurs about once per month as a part of ovarian cycle
40
Oogonia
(2n) - stem cells in female complete mitosis 3-7th months of fetal development
41
primary oocytes
(2n) - about 2 million present at birth -undergo atresia (degeneration) 400,000 at puberty
42
Secondary Oocytes (n) -
ovulated mid-cycle each month, alternating ovaries (polar body formed)
43
ovum
(n) - completes meiosis II after fertilization
44
Spermatogenesis versus Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis produces millions of sperm every day (in case they are needed), whereas oogenesis produces one viable secondary oocyte approximately once a month
45
Ovarian Cycle
includes monthly series of events associated with maturation of an oocyte and its follicle in an ovary
46
Follicular phase (stages 1-4): During this phase follicles grow and develop:
1. Primordial Follicle 2. Primary follicle 3. Secondary follicle 4. Vesicular (tertiary) follicle:
47
Follicular phase: 1. Primordial Follicle -
single layer of squamous follicular cells surrounds primary oocyte
48
Follicular phase: 2. Primary follicle
- follicular cells grow around primary oocyte
49
Follicular phase: 3. Secondary follicle
increases volume and size of follicle, small pockets of fluid form
50
Follicular phase: 4. Vesicular (tertiary) follicle:
large cavity called antrum forms, primary oocyte, completes meiosis I to form a secondary oocyte and first polar body
51
Ovulation phase (stage 5)
[day 14] Vesicular follicle erupts from ovary wall into peritoneal cavity releasing its secondary oocyte
52
Luteal phase (stages 6-7):
6. Corpus Luteum 7. Corpus albicans
53
Luteal phase: 6. Corpus Luteum
is formed by the remaining follicle; secretes progesterone and some estrogen
54
Luteal phase: 7. Corpus albicans-
scar tissue that remains after corpus luteum is degraded
55
Ovarian cycle averages about how many days?
28 days overall, with each stage accounting for following amount of time Follicular phase extends from day one to day 14 Luteal phase extends from day 14 to day 28
56
Follicular phase extends from day
one to day 14
57
Luteal phase extends from day
14 to day 28
58
Hormones of 28-day cycle: Hypothalamus
secretes GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
59
Hormones of 28-day cycle: Anterior pituitary
releases LH and FSH in response to GnRH
60
Hormones of 28-day cycle: FSH
Stimulates follicle cells to secrete estrogens and secretes inhibin
61
Hormones of 28-day cycle: Estrogens
typically stimulate dominant follicle to continue developing into a vesicular follicle
62
Hormones of 28-day cycle: LH
triggers ovulation
63
Hormones of 28-day cycle: Corpus luteum
produces progesterone and estrogens
64
Hormones of 28-day cycle: Increased levels of estrogen and inhibin
exert negative feedback control on hypothalamus and pituitary
65
Hormones of 28-day cycle: Estrogen
inhibits GnRH and LH secretion
66
Hormones of 28-day cycle: Inhibin
inhibits FSH secretion
67
Estrogen and progesterone stimulate development of
female sex characteristics Maturation of sex organs and development of external genitalia Breast development
68
Progesterone is responsible for maintenance of...
a pregnancy once fertilization has occurred
69
Estrogens increases
bone density and increasing HDL cholesterol level
70
Estrogen promotes blood
Coagulation that can lead to formation of blood clots in specific circumstances
71
Uterine cycle (menstrual cycle) (Definition)
series of cyclic events that uterine endometrium each month
72
endometrium
Inner lining of uterus
73
Endometrium is composed of two main layers:
1. Stratum functionalis 2. Stratum Basalis
74
Endometrium is composed of two main layers: Stratum functionalis
(functional layer) detaches from uterine wall and is shed usually monthly during menstruation
75
Endometrium is composed of two main layers: Stratum Basalis
(basal layer) does not thicken or shed. It replaces stratum functionalis at the end of menstruation
76
Uterine cycle (menstrual cycle) (Phases)
1. Menstrual phase, days 1-5 2. Proliferative (preovulatory) phase, days 6-14 3. Secretory phase, days 15-28
77
Uterine cycle (menstrual cycle): Menstrual phase
days 1-5: uterus sheds stratum functionalis, resulting in menstruation
78
Uterine cycle (menstrual cycle): Proliferative phase
(preovulatory) phase, days 6-14: stratum functionalis thicken; these glands enlarge and veins and arteries increase in number
79
Uterine cycle (menstrual cycle): Secretory phase
Days 15-28: arteries form in stratum functionalis and endometrial glands increase
80
If pregnancy doesn't occur, cells of stratum functionalis
die and on day 28 menstrual phase begins
81
If pregnancy occurs, secretory phase
continues and uterus continues to develop in preparation for an embryo
82
Puberty
typically begins between 9 and 11 years old for females with increase in estrogen and progesterone resulting secondary sex characteristics
83
secondary sex characteristics in Females
🔸️Breasts development begins 🔸️Appearance of pubic and axillary hair and an increase in secretions from sebaceous glands 🔸️Adiposetissue increases in subcutaneous layer throughout body, with additional deposits in hips, thighs, and breasts 🔸️Individual's height increase & hips widen
84
Menarche
first episode of menstrual bleeding; occurs approximately two years after onset of puberty
85
Menarche will not occur unless
a girl has at least 15-17% body fat
86
Leptin
hormone secreted by adipocytes; stimulates gonadotropin secretion
87
Menopause
point when menstruation has not occurred for at least one year
88
Reduced levels of estrogens and progesterone may alter female secondary sex characteristics
🔸️Breasts, uterus, and uterine tubes may shrink, while pubic and axillary hair may thin 🔸️Bone Density may decrease 🔸️Hot Flashes may occur
89
Hot Flashes
Hot Flashes may occur due to changes in rhythmic secretion of GnRH

Bio 104 A&P 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions