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MED TERM > Respiratory System (Chapter 12) > Flashcards

Respiratory System (Chapter 12) Flashcards

1
Q

absence of carbon dioxide

A

acapnia

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2
Q

absence of oxygen

A

anoxia

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3
Q

absence of voice

A

aphonia

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4
Q

periods or episodes during respiratory cycle when someone stops breathing for a period of time

A

apnea

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5
Q

slow breathing

A

bradypnea

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6
Q

narrowing of airway caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the bronchioles

A

bronchospasm

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7
Q

pattern of breathing marked by gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing, that leads to apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

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8
Q

hoarseness of the voice

A

dysphonia

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9
Q

difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

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10
Q

nosebleed

A

epistaxis

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11
Q

normal breathing

A

eupnea

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12
Q

coughing up & spitting out blood that originates from the lungs

A

hemoptysis

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13
Q

blood in the pleural cavity

A

hemothorax

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14
Q

excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

A

hypercapnia

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15
Q

deep breathing

A

hyperpnea

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16
Q

excessive movement of air in & out of the lungs

A

hyperventilation

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17
Q

deficient levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, which can result in apnea

A

hypocapnia

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18
Q

shallow breathing

A

hypopnea

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19
Q

breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body’s gas exchange demands

A

hypoventilation

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20
Q

deficient levels of oxygen in the blood

A

hyoxemia

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21
Q

deficient levels of oxygen in tissues throughout the body

A

hypoxia

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22
Q

spasmodic closure of the glottis (opening into the larynx)

A

laryngospasm

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23
Q

ability to breathe is limited to an upright position

A

orthopnea

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24
Q

sudden sharp pain or convulsion; violent attack due to the sudden occurrence of symptoms or an acute exacerbation (abrupt worsening) of pre-existing symptoms

A

paroxysm

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25
Q

rapid flow of blood from the nose

A

rhinorrhagia/epistaxis

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26
Q

fluid discharge from the nose

A

rhinorrhea

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27
Q

expectorated matter; usually contains mucus & sometimes pus

A

sputum

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28
Q

rapid breathing

A

tachypnea

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29
Q

pain in the chest region

A

thoracalgia

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30
Q

absence of respiratory ventilation; suffocation

A

asphyxia

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31
Q

condition of the lungs characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles & formation of mucus plugs producing symptoms of wheezing, SOB, & coughing; caused by the local release of factors during an allergic response

A

asthma

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32
Q

absence of gas in the lungs due to a failure of alveolar expansion

A

atelectasis/collapsed lung

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33
Q

one of the COPDs involving permanent dilation of 1 or more bronchi; patient suffers w/ chronic respiratory infections & often produces copious amounts of purulent sputum

A

bronchiectasis

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34
Q

inflammation of the bronchi; acute form is often due to viral or bacterial infection, while the chronic form is often due to air pollution or smoking & is part of COPD

A

bronchitis

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35
Q

cancer that originates in the bronchi

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

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36
Q

acute inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes, bronchioles, & alveoli

A

bronchopneumonia

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37
Q

group of disorders (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, & bronchiectasis) associated w/ the obstruction of bronchial airflow; usually a result of inhaling tobacco products for many years

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)

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38
Q

fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract & lungs that often spreads to other organs caused by inhaling dust that contains spores of Coccidioides immunitis

A

coccidioidomycosis/valley fever

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39
Q

disease of the right side of the heart that is caused by a chronic lung disease, such as emphysema

A

cor pulmonale

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40
Q

common viral head cold

A

coryza

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41
Q

respiratory condition of infants & young children; usually triggered by a viral upper respiratory infection; causes swelling of the larynx & produces a characteristic barking cough

A

croup

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42
Q

hereditary disease characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract & elsewhere

A

cystic fibrosis (CF)

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43
Q

nasal septum that divides the two nasal cavities is not median, creating one cavity that is larger than the other

A

deviated septum

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44
Q

protrusion of the stomach &/or intestine through the diaphragm; can interfere w/ breathing

A

diaphragmatocele/diaphragmatic hernia

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45
Q

chronic lung disease characterized by distended alveoli & damaged respiratory membrane; symptoms include dyspnea, a barrel chest due to labored breathing, & gradual deterioration due to chronic progressive hypoxemia

46
Q

inflammation of the epiglottis; often results from bacterial infection & may lead to airway obstruction, esp among children

A

epiglottitis

47
Q

inability to sleep

48
Q

inflammation of the larynx

A

laryngitis

49
Q

chronic inflammation of the larynx, trachea, & bronchi; acute form that strikes infants & children is called croup

A

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

50
Q

form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila

A

legionellosis/Legionnaire’s disease

51
Q

inflammation of the nose & pharynx

A

nasopharyngitis

52
Q

collapse of the pharynx during sleep; results in airway obstruction & the absence of breathing

A

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

53
Q

inflammation of all paranasal sinuses on one or both sides of the face

A

pansinusitis

54
Q

acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, & bronchi; produces spasmodic coughing; also called whooping cough due to the noise produced during coughing when the larynx spasms

55
Q

inflammation of the pharynx

A

pharyngitis

56
Q

escape of fluid into the pleural cavity during inflammation; results in compression of the underlying part of the affected lung

A

pleural effusion

57
Q

inflammation of the pleurae

A

pleuritis/pleurisy

58
Q

hernia of the lung, in which the lung protrudes through an opening in the chest

A

pneumatocele/pneumocele

59
Q

inflammation of the lungs caused by the chronic inhalation of fine particles; leads to the formation of a fibrotic tissue around the alveoli that reduces their ability to stretch w/ incoming air; includes asbestos & silicosis

A

pneumoconiosis

60
Q

pneumonia caused by the fungus P. carinii; common opportunistic disease in patients w/ AIDS

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

61
Q

inflammation of the lung tissue in which the alveoli accumulate fluid & sometimes pus; causes include pathogens which may be bacterial, viral or fungal; causes can also be noninfectious such as smoke inhalation

62
Q

inflammation of the lungs, independent of a particular cause

A

pneumonitis

63
Q

presence of air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse; a small area of the lung can be affected or the entire lung; causes include fractured rib, puncture wounds to the chest & a ruptured bleb (air sac)

A

pneumothorax

64
Q

accumulation of fluid in the alveoli & bronchioles

A

pulmonary edema

65
Q

blockage in the pulmonary circulation caused by a moving blood clot

A

pulmonary embolism (PE)

66
Q

tumor of the lung

A

pulmonary neoplasm

67
Q

infection of the lungs by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which includes tubercle formation, inflammation, & necrotic lesions

A

pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

68
Q

condition of pus in the pleural cavity

A

pyothorax/emphysema

69
Q

respiratory failure characterized by atelectasis; condition occurs in 2 forms:

1) neonatal/infant respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS/IRDS) - appears in infants & is caused by insufficient surfactant (substance secreted by alveolar cells to enable reopening after expiration)
2) adult/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - affects adults & is caused by severe lung infection or injuryf

A

respiratory distress syndrome

70
Q

inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane

71
Q

fungal infection of the nasal mucous membrane

A

rhinomycosis

72
Q

severe, rapid onset viral infection resulting in respiratory distress that includes lung inflammation, alveolar damage, & atelectasis

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

73
Q

inflammation of the sinus mucous membranes

74
Q

inflammation of a tonsil, usually a palatine tonsil; an adenoid is a pharyngeal tonsil that is subject to inflammation

A

tonsilitis

75
Q

inflammation of the trachea

A

tracheitis

76
Q

narrowing of the trachea

A

tracheostenosis

77
Q

infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose, pharynx, larynx, & trachea), usually the result of a virus

A

upper respiratory infection (URI)

78
Q

clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid, which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid-fast bacilli smear (AFB)

79
Q

excision of a swollen pharyngeal tonsil, known as an adenoid

A

adenoidectomy

80
Q

therapeutic drug that inhibits the effects of histamines, which are compounds released by cells that cause bronchial constriction & blood vessel dilation

A

antihistamine

81
Q

clinical test on arterial blood to identify the levels of oxygen & carbon dioxide

A

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

82
Q

removal of fluid w/ suction

A

aspiration

83
Q

physical examination, often w/ the aid of a stethoscope, for listening to sounds w/in the body

A

auscultation

84
Q

use of a bronchodilating agent to relax the smooth muscles of the airways & stop the bronchial constriction allowing the patient to breathe easier

A

bronchodilation

85
Q

x-ray image of the bronchi

A

bronchogram

86
Q

procedure for obtaining an x-ray of the bronchi

A

bronchography

87
Q

surgical repair of a bronchus

A

bronchoplasty

88
Q

bronchi are examined w/ a bronchoscope, a modified type of endoscope

A

bronchoscopy

89
Q

diagnostic imaging of the chest by a computed tomography scanning instrument; used to diagnose respiratory tumors, pleural effusion, pleuritis, & other diseases by providing 3D imaging

A

chest CT scan

90
Q

x-ray photograph of the thoracic cavity used to diagnose tuberculosis, tumors, & other lung conditions

A

chest x-ray/chest radiograph (CXR)

91
Q

physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, & throat

A

ear, nose, & throat specialist (ENT)

92
Q

visual examination of a body space w/ the use of an instrument called an endoscope, which has a flexible tube that contains mirrors or a camera & is a noninvasive technique for diagnostic & treatment purposes

93
Q

insertion of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway

A

endotracheal intubation

94
Q

drug that breaks up mucus & promotes coughing to remove it

A

expectorant

95
Q

breathing therapy in which a portable spirometer is used by a patient to assist in deep breathing exercises

A

incentive spirometry

96
Q

surgical removal or excision of the larynx; usually performed as a treatment for laryngeal cancer

A

laryngectomy

97
Q

surgical puncture & aspiration of fluid from the larynx

A

laryngocentesis

98
Q

surgical repair of the larynx

A

laryngoplasty

99
Q

procedure that examines the larynx w/ a laryngoscope

A

laryngoscopy

100
Q

surgical creation of a permanent opening into the larynx to establish an optional access to outside air

A

laryngostomy

101
Q

incision into the larynx & trachea

A

laryngotracheotomy

102
Q

excision of a section or lobe of a lung; usually performed as a treatment for lung cancer

103
Q

noninvasive diagnostic imaging of the body w/ the use of magnetic fields & computer imaging equipment

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

104
Q

technique used by a respiratory therapist or EMT to provide assisted breathing w/ the use of a ventilator, which pushes air into the patient’s airway

A

mechanical ventilation

105
Q

device used to convert a liquid medication to a mist & deliver it to the lungs w/ the aid of a deep inhalation

106
Q

measurement of oxygen levels in the blood, using an instrument called an oximeter; pulse oximeter is a noninvasive procedure w/ an oximeter that is pressed against the fingertip

107
Q

surgical puncture & aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity

A

pleurocentesis

108
Q

incision of the lung & bronchus

A

pneumobronchotomy

109
Q

excision of an entire lung; usually performed as a treatment for lung cancer

A

pneumonectomy

110
Q

x-ray of the blood vessels of the lungs following injection of a contrast medium in an effort to detect pulmonary emboli

A

pulmonary angiography

111
Q

diagnostic tests performed to determine the cause of lung disease by evaluating lung capacity through the use of spirometry; the tests include tidal volume (TV), which is the amount of air expired after a normal expiration, & vital capacity (VC), which is the amount of air exhaled after maximal expiration

MED TERM (12 decks)

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