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MED TERM > Cardiovascular System (Chapter 10) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System (Chapter 10) Flashcards

1
Q

chest pain usually caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart

A

angina pectoris

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2
Q

abnormal contractions of a blood vessel wall

A

angiospasm

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3
Q

narrowing of a blood vessel

A

angiostenosis

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4
Q

any loss of rhythm in the heartbeat

A

arrhythmia

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5
Q

abnormally slow heart rate, usually under 60 beats per minute

A

bradycardia

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6
Q

sensation of pain in the heart

A

cardiodynia

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7
Q

condition that originates in the heart

A

cardiogenic

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8
Q

abnormal hypertrophy of the heart

A

cardiomegaly

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9
Q

blue coloration of the skin & mucous membranes; caused by oxygen deficiency

A

cyanosis

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10
Q

disturbance or abnormality of the heart’s normal rhythmic cycle

A

dysrhythmia

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11
Q

experience of pounding, racing, or skipping of the heartbeat

A

palpitation

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12
Q

fast heartbeat

A

tachycardia

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13
Q

bulging of an arterial wall caused by a congenital defect or an acquired weakness of the arterial wall produced as blood is pushed against it

A

aneurysm

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14
Q

inflammation of the heart & blood vessels

A

angiocarditis

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15
Q

tumor that arises from a blood vessel

A

angioma

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16
Q

rupture of an artery

A

arteriorrhexis

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17
Q

hardening of the arteries; the artery walls lose their elasticity & become brittle

A

arteriosclerosis

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18
Q

narrowing of an artery due to the deposition of a fatty plaque along the internal wall

A

atherosclerosis

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19
Q

ASD: congenital condition characterized by an opening in the septum that separates the right & left atria, allowing blood to pass between the atria

A

atrial septal defect

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20
Q

defect, usually congenital, that alters the structure of both an atrium & a ventricle

A

atrioventricular defect

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21
Q

cessation of heart activity

A

cardiac arrest

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22
Q

acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid w/in the pericardial cavity

A

cardiac tamponade

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23
Q

general disease of the heart muscle

A

cardiomyopathy

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24
Q

inflammation of the heart valves

A

cardiovalvulitis

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25
Q

limp when walking, caused by poor circulation

A

claudication

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26
Q

congenital disease in which the aorta is narrowed; causes reduced systemic circulation & fluid accumulation in the lungs

A

coarctation of the aorta

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27
Q

CHF: chronic condition characterized by the inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood through the body to adequately supply systemic tissues AKA left ventricular failure

A

congestive heart failure

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28
Q

chronic enlargement of the right ventricle that results from congestion w/in the pulmonary circulation AKA right ventricular failure

A

cor pulmonale

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29
Q

CAD: generalized condition of the arteries of the heart, characterized by a reduction of blood flow to the heart wall, most common is atherosclerosis

A

coronary artery disease

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30
Q

blockage of an artery that supplies the heart; often due to atherosclerosis

A

coronary occlusion

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31
Q

DVT: abnormal presence of stationary blood clots w/in the deep veins of the leg

A

deep vein thrombosis

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32
Q

blood clot or foreign particle that moves through the circulation, which can produce a severe circulatory restriction when it becomes lodged in an artery

A

embolism

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33
Q

inflammation of the endocardium; common cause is bacterial infection

A

endocarditis

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34
Q

uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the ventricles or atria

A

fibrillation

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35
Q

HA: acute episode during which the myocardium is deprived of blood flow leading to tissue death AKA myocardial infarction (MI)

A

heart attack

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36
Q

interference w/ the normal electrical conduction of the heart; often the result of a sudden reduction of blood flow that affects the SA or AV node

A

heart block

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37
Q

extremely rapid, but regular, contractions of the heart; either atrial or ventricular

A

heart flutter

38
Q

abnormal soft, blowing, or rasping sound heard through auscultation of the heart

A

heart murmur

39
Q

varicose vein in the anal region; produces symptoms of local pain & itching

A

hemorrhoids

40
Q

persistently high blood pressure; includes essential hypertension where the condition is not traceable to a single cause, & secondary hypertension where the high blood pressure is caused by the effects of another disease

A

hypertension

41
Q

chronic condition of low blood pressure

A

hypotension

42
Q

abnormally low flow of blood to tissues; often the result of atherosclerotic plaque formation or blood clots

43
Q

MI: acute episode during which the myocardium is deprived of blood flow leading to tissue death (infarction). Usually the result of atherosclerosis of a coronary artery which causes narrowing & eventual clot formation

A

myocardial infarction

44
Q

inflammation of the myocardium, or muscle layer of the heart wall

A

myocarditis

45
Q

congenital condition characterized by an opening between the pulmonary artery & the aorta, allowing blood to pass across; in this condition, the connecting channel that is a normal part of fetal circulation before birth fails to close & thereby remains open, or patent

A

patent ductus arteriosus

46
Q

inflammation of the pericardium; usually affects both layers (pericardial sac & epicardium)

A

pericarditis

47
Q

inflammation of a vein

48
Q

inflammation of an artery at numerous sites

A

polyarteritis

49
Q

four congenital defects associated w/ the heart combined - pulmonary valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect, incorrect position of the aorta, & right ventricular hypertrophy - as a result, the pulmonary circuit is bypassed

A

tetralogy of Fallot

50
Q

vascular inflammatory disease that usually affects the lower extremities AKA Buerger’s disease

A

thromboangiitis obliterans

51
Q

presence of stationary blood clot w/in a blood vessel

A

thrombosis

52
Q

condition of an abnormally dilated vein

53
Q

opening in the septum that separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle, allowing blood to pass between them

A

ventricular septal defect

54
Q

surgical excision of an aneurysm (bulging of arterial wall)

A

aneurysmectomy

55
Q

recording obtained from an angiography procedure - x-ray of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium

56
Q

general surgical repair of a blood vessel; includes procedures to reopen blocked vessels

A

angioplasty

57
Q

suturing a blood vessel to close an incision

A

angiorrhaphy

58
Q

use of a flexible fiberoptic instrument, or endoscope, to observe a diseased blood vessel in order to assess the lesion & decide upon a mode of treatment; procedure also includes use of a camera, video recorder, & monitor

A

angioscopy

59
Q

recording of an x-ray of the aorta

60
Q

recording of an x-ray of a particular artery

A

arteriogram

61
Q

incision into an artery

A

arteriotomy

62
Q

surgical removal of a fatty plaque w/in a blood vessel using a specialized rotary knife & a catheter

A

atherectomy

63
Q

physical examination that consists of listening to internal sounds using a stethoscope; sounds that suggest abnormalities are often caused by dysrhythmias

A

auscultation

64
Q

procedure which involves inserting a flexible catheter into a brachial or femoral artery & threading it into the heart; it is used to obtain blood samples, pressures & determine the presence & degree of coronary artery disease; it is the most reliable test for diagnosing coronary artery disease; it involves injecting a contrast medium into the heart

A

cardiac catheterization

65
Q

battery-powered device that is implanted under the skin & wired to the heart chamber walls; produces timed electric pulses that replace the pacemaking function of the SA node

A

cardiac pacemaker

66
Q

physician who specializes in the treatment of patients w/ heart disease

A

cardiologist

67
Q

field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of patients w/ heart disease; also a department w/in a hospital where heart disease patients receive care

A

cardiology

68
Q

CPR: emergency response procedure that includes artificial ventilation & external heart massage in an effort to resuscitate, or revive, the patient

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

69
Q

recording of an x-ray of the heart’s circulation

A

coronary angiogram

70
Q

CABG: surgical procedure which usually involves harvesting a vessel from another part of the body, attaching one end to the aorta & the other end below the blockage

A

coronary artery bypass graft

71
Q

metallic scaffold that is implanted in a coronary artery to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy

A

coronary stent

72
Q

electrical charge to the heart in an effort to defibrillate (stop fibrillation) the heart; delivered by paddles onto the skin of the chest, or to the heart muscle directly if the chest has been opened

A

defibrillation

73
Q

ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow through a blood vessel

A

Doppler sonography

74
Q

ultrasound procedure where sound waves are directed through the heart to evaluate heart anomalies; if performed during exercise to identify heart conditions, the procedure is called a stress echo

A

echocardiography

75
Q

procedure where the electrical events associated w/ the beating of the heart are evaluated & are represented by deflections of a pen on a graph called an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG); when the electrical activity is measured during physical activity using a treadmill or ergometer, the procedure is called a stress electrocardiogram

A

electrocardiography

76
Q

surgical removal of a floating blood clot, or embolus

A

embolectomy

77
Q

surgical removal of a fatty plaque or a blood clot from the interior of an artery

A

endarterectomy

78
Q

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

A

hemorrhoidectomy

79
Q

portable electrocardiograph worn by the patient; records electrical activity of the heart over twenty-four-hour periods, proving useful in detecting periodic or transient abnormalities

A

Holter ambulatory monitor

80
Q

MRA: magnetic resonance imaging of the heart & coronary blood vessels

A

magnetic resonance angiography

81
Q

test where blood flow (perfusion) to cardiac cells is monitored following injection of an isotope; test may be performed while the patient is under stress or at rest

A

myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan

82
Q

visualization of the heart following administration of radioactive isotopes to aid in diagnosis

A

nuclear medicine imaging of the heart

83
Q

surgical creation of an opening in the pericardial sac, usually to relieve pressure that results from pericarditis or cardiac tamponade

A

pericardiostomy

84
Q

excision or puncture of a vein

A

phlebectomy

85
Q

incision or puncture into a vein, usually to remove blood for sampling or to donate blood; a technician who performs the procedure is a phlebotomist

A

phlebotomy

86
Q

PET: procedure that provides blood flow images using PET-scan techniques w/ radioactive isotope labeling

A

positron emission tomography scan

87
Q

procedure that measures arterial blood pressure using a device called a sphygmomanometer, which consists of an arm cuff & air pressure pump w/ a pressure gauge

A

shygmomanometry

88
Q

treatments that dissolve blood clots (thrombi) using drugs such as streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator (TPA); this treatment is often applied w/in six hours of an MI & has been credited w/ saving many lives

A

thrombolytic therapy

89
Q

surgical repair of a heart valve; if repair is not possible, a valve replacement may be required using an artificial valve or pig valve

A

valvuloplasty

90
Q

recording of an x-ray of a vein

MED TERM (12 decks)

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