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MED TERM > Blood & Lymphatic System (Chapter 11) > Flashcards

Blood & Lymphatic System (Chapter 11) Flashcards

1
Q

presence of RBCs of unequal size

A

anisocytosis

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2
Q

presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

A

bacteremia

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3
Q

abnormally reduced number of RBCs

A

erythropenia

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4
Q

rupture of RBC membrane

A

hemolysis

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5
Q

loss of blood from circulation

A

hemorrhage

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6
Q

abnormally large RBCs

A

macrocytosis

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7
Q

large, irregularly shaped RBCs

A

poikilocytosis

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8
Q

abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes in the blood

A

polycythemia

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9
Q

abnormal enlargement of the spleen

A

splenomegaly

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10
Q

presence of toxins in the blood

A

toxemia

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11
Q

acquired immune deficiency syndrome: caused by HIV, which disables immune response by destroying mainly helper T cells (which activate B cells); loss of immune function allows opportunistic infections to proliferate & eventually cause death

A

AIDS

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12
Q

response to an allergen, which is an antigen that produces a hypersensitivity reaction that includes immediate inflammation but does not elicit other immune responses; allergies are of many types, most common are allergic rhinitis (hay fever) which affects the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity & throat, & allergic dermatitis which affects the skin where it has made contact w/ the allergen

A

allergy

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13
Q

immediate reaction to an antigen that includes rapid inflammation & systemwide smooth muscle contractions

A

anaphylaxis

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14
Q

reduced ability of RBCs to deliver oxygen to tissues, resulting from a reduction of circulating RBCs, amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of RBCs; common forms include aplastic, iron deficiency, sickle cell, & pernicious

A

anemia

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15
Q

anemia characterized by the failure of red bone marrow to produce enough RBCs

A

aplastic anemia

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16
Q

any of several diseases that is caused by a person’s own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues; includes rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, & multiple sclerosis

A

autoimmune disorder

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17
Q

form of poisoning caused by the ingestion of food contaminated w/ the toxin produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum

A

botulism

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18
Q

disease caused by a bacterium & its toxin, resulting in inflammation of mucous membranes, primarily in the mouth & throat

A

diphtheria

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19
Q

general term for an abnormal condition of the blood

A

dyscrasia

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20
Q

blood disorder that results from incompatibility between a fetus w/ Rh positive blood & its mother w/ Rh negative blood; causes the destruction of fetal RBCs & requires blood transfusions to save the fetus; Rh mismatch, hemolytic disease of newborn

A

erythroblastosis

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21
Q

fungal infection distributed by way of the bloodstream

A

fungemia

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22
Q

infection of a wound caused by various anaerobic bacteria; produces a fermentation gas, necrosis, & septicemia

A

gas gangrene

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23
Q

inherited disorder that results in an excessive accumulation of iron deposits in the body

A

hemochromatosis

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24
Q

inherited bleeding disorder that results from defective clotting proteins involved in blood coagulation

A

hemophilia

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25
Q

cancer of lymphatic tissue; characterized by the progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, fatigue, & deficiency of the immune response

A

Hodgkin’s disease

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26
Q

condition that results from a defective immune response

A

immunodeficiency

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27
Q

reduction of an immune response caused by disease or, in the case of organ transplants, by the use of chemical, pharmacologic, physical, or immunologic agents

A

immunosuppression

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28
Q

multiplication of disease causing microorganisms w/in the body

A

infection

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29
Q

swelling of body tissue caused by movement of plasma into the extracellular space to produce edema (fluid accumulation) in tissue; protective response of body tissues to irritation or injury; symptoms include swelling, redness, heat, & pain

A

inflammation

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30
Q

viral disease characterized by a temporary inflammation of mucous membranes & fever; commonly called the flu, virus is highly contagious & capable of mutation to escape detection by WBCs

A

influenza

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31
Q

anemia that is caused by a lack of iron, resulting in smaller RBCs containing deficient levels of hemoglobin

A

iron deficiency anemia

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32
Q

cancer of the red bone marrow, which is the blood forming tissue; characterized by an increased number of WBCs, many of which are abnormal & nonfunctional

A

leukemia

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33
Q

inflammation of the lymph nodes

A

lymphadenitis

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34
Q

literally, disease of the lymph nodes; this general term is often applied to a syndrome (LAS: lymphadenopathy syndrome), which is a persistent swelling of the lymph nodes that often precedes the onset of AIDS

A

lymphadenopathy

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35
Q

tumor that originates in lymphatic tissue

A

lymphoma

36
Q

disease caused by a parasitic protozoan that infects RBCs & is carried by Anopheles mosquitoes; characterized by periodic fevers & fatigue

A

malaria

37
Q

viral disease characterized by enlarged lymph nodes, atypical lymphocytes, sore throat (pharyngitis), fever, & fatigue

A

mononucleosis

38
Q

bone marrow disorder characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells; usually develops into a form of leukemia

A

myelodysplasia

39
Q

disorder that usually consists of bacterial infections contracted during a hospital stay (often MRSA)

A

nosocomial infection

40
Q

anemia caused by insufficiency of vitamin B12, resulting in RBCs that are large, varied in shape, & reduced in number

A

pernicious anemia

41
Q

any infectious disease of wide prevalence or excessive mortality; can also refer to an acute infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis characterized by high fever, skin eruptions, internal hemorrhage, & pneumonia (bubonic plague)

A

plague

42
Q

viral infection spread from the mouth of an infected animal, usually by biting; virus produces a neurotoxin that acts on the CNS & is highly fatal

A

rabies

43
Q

systemic disease caused by the presence of bacteria & their toxins in the circulating blood; person suffering from this is referred to as “septic”

A

septicemia

44
Q

inherited, chronic anemia characterized by defective hemoglobin that causes RBCs to become misshapen, resulting in drowsiness, leg ulcerations, fever, joint & abdominal pain, & thrombosis

A

sickle cell anemia

45
Q

staph infection: presence of Staphylococci bacteria in the blood; frequent complication to normal healing & is the most common cause of food poisoning, skin inflammation, osteomyelitis, & nosocomial infections

A

staphylococcemia

46
Q

disease caused by a powerful neurotoxin released by the common bacterium Clostridium tetani; toxin acts on the CNS to cause convulsions & paralysis

A

tetanus

47
Q

tumor that originates in the thymus gland

A

thymoma

48
Q

therapeutic treatment in which a substance w/ known toxicity to bacteria is administered; obtained from fungus or other bacteria; effective only against bacteria, many types of which are capable of developing resistance, especially when not administered properly

A

antibiotics

49
Q

chemical agent that reduces the clotting process

A

anticoagulant

50
Q

application of drugs to battle against a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly, known as retroviruses (ex. HIV); also known as combination therapy because the drugs form a cocktail of nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors & protease inhibitors, blocking HIV replication

A

antiretroviral therapy

51
Q

process in which pathogens are rendered less virulent, prior to their incorporation into a vaccine preparation

A

attenuation

52
Q

transfusion of blood donated by a patient for personal use; common procedure before a surgery to avoid potential incompatibility or contamination

A

autologous transfusion

53
Q

field of science & medicine focused on study of bacteria & prevention of bacterial diseases

A

bacteriology

54
Q

test or series of tests on blood samples to measure the levels of particular components

A

blood chemistry

55
Q

test to determine infection in the blood by placing a blood sample on a nutritive media in an effort to grow populations of bacteria for analysis

A

blood culture

56
Q

introduction of blood, blood products, or a blood substitute into a patient’s circulation to restore blood volume to normal levels

A

blood transfusion

57
Q

timed blood test to determine time required for a blood clot to form; prothrombin time (PT) measures time required for prothrombin (precursor protein) to form thrombin & is used to monitor anticlotting therapy, & partial thromboplastin time (PTT) which evaluates clotting ability

A

coagulation time

58
Q

common laboratory blood test to provide diagnostic information of a patient’s general health; includes hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood count, & white blood count

A

complete blood count (CBC)

59
Q

microscopic count of the number of each type of WBC, using a stained blood smear

A

differential count

60
Q

timed test to measure the rate at which RBCs fall through a volume of plasma to provide information on their hemoglobin content; commonly used to evaluate nonspecific systemic inflammation

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

61
Q

test that measures the percentage of RBCs in a volume of blood; obtained from centrifuging a sample of blood to separate blood cells

A

hematocrit (HCT/Hct)

62
Q

general field of medicine that focuses on blood related disease

A

hematology

63
Q

test that measures the level of hemoglobin in RBCs

A

hemoglobin (HGB/Hgb)

64
Q

stoppage of bleeding

A

hemostasis

65
Q

transfusion of blood that is voluntarily donated by another person; requires blood type matching, known as crossmatching, to prevent incompatibility

A

homologous transfusion

66
Q

procedure that provides immunity against a particular antigen

A

immunization

67
Q

study concerned w/ immunity & allergy

A

immunology

68
Q

treatment of infectious disease; use of agents to activate or strengthen the immune response

A

immunotherapy

69
Q

removal of lymph nodes for pathological study to assist in a diagnosis - biopsy

A

lymph node dissection

70
Q

excision of a lymph node

A

lymphadenectomy

71
Q

process of x-ray photography of the lymph nodes following injection of a contrast medium

A

lymphadenography

72
Q

incision into a lymph node

A

lymphadenotomy

73
Q

process of x-ray photography of lymphatic vessels following injection of a contrast medium

A

lymphangiography

74
Q

removal of a donor’s blood, which is then separated into blood components, w/ one portion retained for use & the remainder returned to the donor; includes plasmapheresis (plasma), leukapheresis (WBCs), & plateletpheresis (platelets)

A

pheresis

75
Q

calculation of the number of platelets in the blood

A

platelet count (PLT)

76
Q

any treatment that tends to prevent the onset of an infection or other type of disease

A

prophylaxis

77
Q

measures the number of RBCs per cubic centimeter (cc)

A

red blood count (RBC)

78
Q

excision of the spleen

A

splenectomy

79
Q

surgical fixation of the spleen

A

splenopexy

80
Q

process of dissolving a blood clot

A

thrombolysis

81
Q

excision of the thymus gland

A

thymectomy

82
Q

field of medicine that focuses on the study of toxins & the diseases they cause

A

toxicology

83
Q

inoculation of a culture that has reduced virulence, as a means of providing a cure or prophylaxis

A

vaccination

84
Q

any preparation used to activate an immune response

A

vaccine

85
Q

field of medicine that focuses on the study of viruses & the treatment of the diseases they cause

A

virology

86
Q

measures the number of WBCs per cubic centimeter

A

white blood count

MED TERM (12 decks)

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