Endocrine System (Chapter 9)

Question 1

abnormal accumulation of waste materials that are acidic, often a symptom of diabetes mellitus; acidosis also may be caused by respiratory or kidney disorders

Answer 1

acidosis

Question 2

abnormal protrusion of the eyes

Answer 2

exophthalmos

Question 3

abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a tumor, lack of iodine in diet, or infection

Answer 3

goiter

Question 4

abnormal increase in hormone production; often the result of an inherited disease or a tumor

Answer 4

hypersecretion

Question 5

abnormal decrease in hormone production, which often occurs when an endocrine gland suffers trauma due to injury or infection; also may be caused by an inherited disorder or tumor

Answer 5

hyposecretion

Question 6

excessive amount of ketone bodies in the blood & urine, which is a symptom of abnormal metabolism of fats seen in uncontrolled diabetes & starvation AKA ketoacidosis

Answer 6

ketosis

Question 7

excessive thirst

Answer 7

polydipsia

Question 8

excretion of abnormally large volumes of urine

Answer 8

polyuria

Question 9

enlargement of bone structure most prominent in the face & hands; results in disfigurement & is caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland after puberty

Answer 9

acromegaly

Question 10

chronic syndrome caused by hyposecretion of the adrenal corext; characterized by darkening of the skin, loss of appetite, mental depression, & muscle weakness

Answer 10

Addison’s disease

Question 11

inflammation of a gland

Answer 11

adenitis

Question 12

abnormal condition of a gland

Answer 12

adenosis

Question 13

excessive production of androgen (male sex hormone) by the adrenal cortex; usually caused by adrenal hyperplasia or a tumor in adult women; symptoms include masculinization

Answer 13

adrenal virilism

Question 14

inflammation of the adrenal gland

Answer 14

adrenalitis

Question 15

abnormal development of the adrenal cortex; results in its excessive size & hypersecretion of its hormones

Answer 15

adrenocorticohyperplasia

Question 16

abnormal enlargement of the adrenal glands

Answer 16

adrenomegaly

Question 17

general disease of the adrenal gland

Answer 17

adrenopathy

Question 18

deficiency of calcium AKA hypocalcemia

Answer 18

calcipenia

Question 19

congenital hypothyroidism in children; results in reduced mental development & dwarfed physical stature

Answer 19

cretinism

Question 20

syndrome that results from hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex; characterized by obesity, moon face, hyperglycemia, & muscle weakness

Answer 20

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 21

DI: caused by hyposecretion of ADH by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland w/ symptoms that include polydipsia & polyuria

Answer 21

diabetes insipidus

Question 22

DM: chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism; includes type 1, which requires hormone replacement therapy w/ insulin, & type 2, which can usually be managed w/ diet & exercise programs

Answer 22

diabetes mellitus

Question 23

general disease of the endocrine system

Answer 23

endocrinopathy

Question 24

presence of excessive body hair; in women, it is caused by the hypersecretion of androgens by the adrenal cortex

Answer 24

hirsutism

Question 25

abnormally high calcium levels in the blood

Answer 25

hypercalcemia

Question 26

abnormally high glucose levels in the blood

Answer 26

hyperglycemia

Question 27

excessive amounts of insulin in the blood; results in low levels of sugar in the blood, fainting, & convulsions

Answer 27

hyperinsulinism

Question 28

abnormally high potassium levels in the blood

Answer 28

hyperkalemia

Question 29

hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually due to a tumor

Answer 29

hyperparathyroidism

Question 30

hypersecretion of the thyroid gland, which is characterized by exophthalmos, goiter, rapid heart rate, & weight loss AKA Graves' disease or thyrotoxicosis

Answer 30

hyperthyroidism

Question 31

abnormally low calcium levels in the blood

Answer 31

hypocalcemia

Question 32

abnormally low blood sugar levels

Answer 32

hypoglycemia

Question 33

abnormally low potassium levels in the blood

Answer 33

hypokalemia

Question 34

abnormally low sodium levels in the blood

Answer 34

hyponatremia

Question 35

hyposecretion of the parathyroid gland

Answer 35

hypoparathyroidism

Question 36

hyposecretion of the thyroid gland; characterized by slow heart rate, dry skin, low energy, & weight gain

Answer 36

hypothyroidism

Question 37

advanced hypothyroidism in adults w/ the characteristics of low energy, swollen hands & face, & dry skin

Answer 37

myxedema

Question 38

inflammation of the pancreas

Answer 38

pancreatitis

Question 39

tumor of the parathyroid gland

Answer 39

parathyroidoma

Question 40

caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland at an early age, it slows growth & causes a short but proportional stature; congenital condition that can be treated during childhood w/ growth hormone therapy

Answer 40

pituitary dwarfism

Question 41

caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone that begins before puberty; leads to abnormally increased growth of bones to produce a very large stature

Answer 41

pituitary gigantism

Question 42

disorder w/ an array of symptoms & involves multiple organs

Answer 42

syndrome

Question 43

caused by a deficiency of parathyroid hormone; the low calcium levels in the blood lead to excitation of nerves & muscle spasms

Answer 43

tetany

Question 44

condition that results from excessive thyroid hormone levels

Answer 44

thyrotoxicosis

Question 45

surgical excision of the adrenal gland

Answer 45

adrenalectomy

Question 46

physician who specializes in the treatment of endocrine disorders

Answer 46

endocrinologist

Question 47

field of medicine that focuses on the study & treatment of endocrine disorders

Answer 47

endocrinology

Question 48

FBS: diagnostic test to determine blood sugar levels following a 12-hr fast; extreme variation in blood sugar is an indication of diabetes mellitus

Answer 48

fasting blood sugar

Question 49

GTT: diagnostic test to confirm diagnosis of DM & to determine other abnormalities in glucose metabolism; usually follows an FBS - pt is given glucose then at timed intervals, blood samples are taken & glucose levels determined & charted

Answer 49

glucose tolerance test

Question 50

HRT: use of a drug that replaces a hormone to correct a hormone deficiency

Answer 50

hormone replacement therapy

Question 51

surgical excision of one or more parathyroid glands

Answer 51

parathyroidectomy

Question 52

PPBS: measurement of blood sugar levels over two hrs after a meal

Answer 52

postprandial blood sugar

Question 53

RAIU: diagnostic procedure that measures thyroid function, in which radioactive iodine uptake into the thyroid gland is measured

Answer 53

radioactive iodine uptake

Question 54

use of radioactive iodine to treat a disease of the thyroid gland, such as a thyroid tumor

Answer 54

radioiodine therapy

Question 55

diagnostic procedure that records an image of the thyroid gland following the oral administration of a labeled substance, usually iodine; used to detect thyroid tumors

Answer 55

thyroid scan

Question 56

surgical excision of the thyroid gland

Answer 56

thyroidectomy

Question 57

incision into the thyroid gland

Answer 57

thyroidotomy

Question 58

surgical excision of the thyroid & parathyroid glands

Answer 58

thyroparathyroidectomy

Question 59

direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the blood to determine hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

Answer 59

thyroxine test