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MED TERM > Endocrine System (Chapter 9) > Flashcards

Endocrine System (Chapter 9) Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal accumulation of waste materials that are acidic, often a symptom of diabetes mellitus; acidosis also may be caused by respiratory or kidney disorders

A

acidosis

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2
Q

abnormal protrusion of the eyes

A

exophthalmos

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3
Q

abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a tumor, lack of iodine in diet, or infection

A

goiter

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4
Q

abnormal increase in hormone production; often the result of an inherited disease or a tumor

A

hypersecretion

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5
Q

abnormal decrease in hormone production, which often occurs when an endocrine gland suffers trauma due to injury or infection; also may be caused by an inherited disorder or tumor

A

hyposecretion

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6
Q

excessive amount of ketone bodies in the blood & urine, which is a symptom of abnormal metabolism of fats seen in uncontrolled diabetes & starvation AKA ketoacidosis

A

ketosis

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7
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

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8
Q

excretion of abnormally large volumes of urine

A

polyuria

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9
Q

enlargement of bone structure most prominent in the face & hands; results in disfigurement & is caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland after puberty

A

acromegaly

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10
Q

chronic syndrome caused by hyposecretion of the adrenal corext; characterized by darkening of the skin, loss of appetite, mental depression, & muscle weakness

A

Addison’s disease

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11
Q

inflammation of a gland

A

adenitis

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12
Q

abnormal condition of a gland

A

adenosis

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13
Q

excessive production of androgen (male sex hormone) by the adrenal cortex; usually caused by adrenal hyperplasia or a tumor in adult women; symptoms include masculinization

A

adrenal virilism

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14
Q

inflammation of the adrenal gland

A

adrenalitis

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15
Q

abnormal development of the adrenal cortex; results in its excessive size & hypersecretion of its hormones

A

adrenocorticohyperplasia

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16
Q

abnormal enlargement of the adrenal glands

A

adrenomegaly

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17
Q

general disease of the adrenal gland

A

adrenopathy

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18
Q

deficiency of calcium AKA hypocalcemia

A

calcipenia

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19
Q

congenital hypothyroidism in children; results in reduced mental development & dwarfed physical stature

A

cretinism

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20
Q

syndrome that results from hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex; characterized by obesity, moon face, hyperglycemia, & muscle weakness

A

Cushing’s syndrome

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21
Q

DI: caused by hyposecretion of ADH by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland w/ symptoms that include polydipsia & polyuria

A

diabetes insipidus

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22
Q

DM: chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism; includes type 1, which requires hormone replacement therapy w/ insulin, & type 2, which can usually be managed w/ diet & exercise programs

A

diabetes mellitus

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23
Q

general disease of the endocrine system

A

endocrinopathy

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24
Q

presence of excessive body hair; in women, it is caused by the hypersecretion of androgens by the adrenal cortex

A

hirsutism

25
Q

abnormally high calcium levels in the blood

A

hypercalcemia

26
Q

abnormally high glucose levels in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

27
Q

excessive amounts of insulin in the blood; results in low levels of sugar in the blood, fainting, & convulsions

A

hyperinsulinism

28
Q

abnormally high potassium levels in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

29
Q

hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually due to a tumor

A

hyperparathyroidism

30
Q

hypersecretion of the thyroid gland, which is characterized by exophthalmos, goiter, rapid heart rate, & weight loss AKA Graves’ disease or thyrotoxicosis

A

hyperthyroidism

31
Q

abnormally low calcium levels in the blood

A

hypocalcemia

32
Q

abnormally low blood sugar levels

A

hypoglycemia

33
Q

abnormally low potassium levels in the blood

A

hypokalemia

34
Q

abnormally low sodium levels in the blood

A

hyponatremia

35
Q

hyposecretion of the parathyroid gland

A

hypoparathyroidism

36
Q

hyposecretion of the thyroid gland; characterized by slow heart rate, dry skin, low energy, & weight gain

A

hypothyroidism

37
Q

advanced hypothyroidism in adults w/ the characteristics of low energy, swollen hands & face, & dry skin

A

myxedema

38
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

39
Q

tumor of the parathyroid gland

A

parathyroidoma

40
Q

caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland at an early age, it slows growth & causes a short but proportional stature; congenital condition that can be treated during childhood w/ growth hormone therapy

A

pituitary dwarfism

41
Q

caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone that begins before puberty; leads to abnormally increased growth of bones to produce a very large stature

A

pituitary gigantism

42
Q

disorder w/ an array of symptoms & involves multiple organs

A

syndrome

43
Q

caused by a deficiency of parathyroid hormone; the low calcium levels in the blood lead to excitation of nerves & muscle spasms

A

tetany

44
Q

condition that results from excessive thyroid hormone levels

A

thyrotoxicosis

45
Q

surgical excision of the adrenal gland

A

adrenalectomy

46
Q

physician who specializes in the treatment of endocrine disorders

A

endocrinologist

47
Q

field of medicine that focuses on the study & treatment of endocrine disorders

A

endocrinology

48
Q

FBS: diagnostic test to determine blood sugar levels following a 12-hr fast; extreme variation in blood sugar is an indication of diabetes mellitus

A

fasting blood sugar

49
Q

GTT: diagnostic test to confirm diagnosis of DM & to determine other abnormalities in glucose metabolism; usually follows an FBS - pt is given glucose then at timed intervals, blood samples are taken & glucose levels determined & charted

A

glucose tolerance test

50
Q

HRT: use of a drug that replaces a hormone to correct a hormone deficiency

A

hormone replacement therapy

51
Q

surgical excision of one or more parathyroid glands

A

parathyroidectomy

52
Q

PPBS: measurement of blood sugar levels over two hrs after a meal

A

postprandial blood sugar

53
Q

RAIU: diagnostic procedure that measures thyroid function, in which radioactive iodine uptake into the thyroid gland is measured

A

radioactive iodine uptake

54
Q

use of radioactive iodine to treat a disease of the thyroid gland, such as a thyroid tumor

A

radioiodine therapy

55
Q

diagnostic procedure that records an image of the thyroid gland following the oral administration of a labeled substance, usually iodine; used to detect thyroid tumors

A

thyroid scan

56
Q

surgical excision of the thyroid gland

A

thyroidectomy

57
Q

incision into the thyroid gland

A

thyroidotomy

58
Q

surgical excision of the thyroid & parathyroid glands

A

thyroparathyroidectomy

59
Q

direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the blood to determine hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

A

thyroxine test

MED TERM (12 decks)

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