Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEDSCI142 > Respiratory System - Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory System - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

External Respiration

A

Process in which oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into blood within the pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide is excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Internal Respiration

A

The exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and the tissue fluid and cells which surround them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Process within individual cells through which they gain energy by breaking down molecules such as glucose
(mitochondria, consumes oxygen and generates carbon dioxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

Breathing
Describes the bulk movement of air into and out of the lungs. The ventilatory pump comprises the rib cage with its associated muscles and the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Conducting Part

A

Series of cavities and thick-walled tubes which conduct air between the nose and the deepest parts of the lungs, and in doing so warm, humidify and clean it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the conducting airways?

A

Nasal cavities
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Respiratory Part

A

Comprises the tiny, thin-walled airways where gases are exchanged between air and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the respiratory airways?

A

Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts and Sacs
Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the path of air?

A

Ventilatory Pump (air) *oxygen
Left Cardiac Pump (blood)
Internal Respiration blood-tissues
Cellular respiration within cells *Co2
Right Cardiac Pump (blood)
Ventilatory Pump (air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What conditions are needed for air to help with gas exchange?

A

Clean
Warm (37)
Humidified (H20 100% saturated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Mucous Membrane?

A

Secreted by goblet cells
Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated cells
Helps with filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Goblet Cells made of?

A

Epithelial + Mucus Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Conchae?

A

Collection of bones in Nasal Cavity
Helps with warming blood supply underneath mucous membrane + humidity. Creates Turbulence
(increase SA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Humidification?

A

Add water to air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Mucociliary Escalator

A

Inside of the conducting airways and is made up of mucus and cilia, which moves the mucus up and out of the lungs where it can be expelled by coughing or swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define the Nasal Cavity?

A

Tall, Narrow chamber lined with mucous membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Paranasal

A

Near the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do Paranasal sinuses do?

A

Open into the cavity
Lighten the face and add resonance to the voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the roof of the Nasal Cavity carry?

A

Olfactory Epithelium
Tissue inside nasal cavity which have Olfactory Receptor Cells that help with smell.
They lead towards the brain through perforations in the overlying bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cribriform Plates

A

Part of bone at base of skull
Allow for the passage of the olfactory nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does smoking do to Cilia?

A

Paralyses them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does Cilia do?

A

Moves mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the three parts of the Pharynx in order?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharnyx
Laryngopharynx (near voice box)

24
Q

What happens when you swallow?

A

Soft palate closes Naropharynx
Glottis closed
Esophagus forced open

25
Q

What is a generation?

A

Everytime a tube branches

26
Q

What is the name for when every tube branches twice?

A

Dichotamous Branching

27
Q

How many generations are there?

A

28

28
Q

What generations are the conducting and respiratory zones?

A

Conducting 1-19
Respiratory 20-28

29
Q

Which generation is most at risk for infection?

A

17-20

30
Q

What epithelium lines the Trachea?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

31
Q

What are 3 things lining the Trachea?

A

Mucous Glands
Goblet Cells
Ciltrate cells (cellular energy metabolism)

32
Q

What is the Trachea supported by?

A

C-shaped rings of cartilage.
Free ends of the cartilage by trachealis smooth muscle

33
Q

What is the order of components of the wall of the bronchus?

A

Cilia
Goblet Cells + Columnar Ciliated Epithelium
Smooth Muscle (contractile element)
Mucus Glands
Cartilage Plates

34
Q

What is the order of components of the wall of the bronchiole?

A

Club Cell Secretions
Club Cells
Ciliated Cuboidal Epithelium
Smooth Muscle

35
Q

What do the the Bronchi have that the Bronchioles don’t?

A

Goblet Cells
Mucus Glands
Cartilage

36
Q

What are Club Cell Secretions?

A

Watery with anti-bacterial properties against virus + bacteria

37
Q

What epithelium is in Upper Airways?

A

Tall, Ciliated, Columnar, Pseudostratified

38
Q

What epithelium is in the Alveoli?

A

Thin Squamous cells (gas exchange)

39
Q

What is the Terminal Bronchiole?

A

Last tube of conducting zone

40
Q

What is the Respiratory Bronchiole?

A

Transition into Alveoli

41
Q

What do the Alveoli have wrapped around them?

A

Rich Capillary Network

42
Q

What are some cells on the Alveolar wall?

A

Type l Alveolar
Type ll Alveolar
Alveolar Macrophage

43
Q

Type l Alveolar Cell

A

Type l pneumocyte
Squamous Epithelium
Gas exchange and Alveolar Fluid Regulation

44
Q

Type ll Alveolar Cell

A

Secrete Surfactant (Phospholipid)
Breaks down surface tension of water with air
Keeps Alveoli open, reduces work of breathing

45
Q

Alveolar Macrophage

A

Ingest leftover particles or bleeding

46
Q

How many lobes in the bronchi on each side?

A

3 left
2 right

47
Q

How many tertiary bronchi (segmental) on each side?

A

8 left
10 right

48
Q

Pleurae

A

Smooth membrane that covers each lung
Also lines thoracic cavity where the lung sits

49
Q

What separates the two pleuras at the lung and the skeletal muscle?

A

Pleural Cavity (FLUID)
Allows the pleurae to slide past each other without friction. Also prevents them from being seperated

50
Q

Passive or Active?
Inspiration + Expiration

A

Inspiration = Active (requires contraction of external intercostal muscles)
Expiration = Passive

51
Q

What happens during exercise?

A

Both intercostal muscles become active
External for Inspiration
Internal for Expiration

52
Q

Visceral vs Parietal Pleura

A

Visceral (internal/lung)
Pleural(outer/muscle)

53
Q

Diaphragm

A

Dome-shaped platform which forms the floor of the thorax and the roof of the abdomen

54
Q

What is the central part of the Diaphragm?

A

Central Tendon

55
Q

What happens due to the diaphragmatic muscle contracting?

A

Flattens the diaphragm, pulling its central dome downwards. Increases the volume of the thorax and causes inspiration

56
Q

What happens due to the diaphragmatic muscle relaxing?

A

Allows the diaphragm to lift back towards the thorax, reducing thoracic volume (expiration)

MEDSCI142 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions